語(yǔ)法第11課Lecture16subjunctivemood

1、Lecture 16 Subjunctive MoodMood Mood: whether an utterance expresses a fact, a command or request, or a non-fact & hypothesis. Indicative Mood: a fact Imperative Mood: a command or request Subjunctive Mood: a non-fact & hypothesis Were-subjunctive Be-subjunctiveWere-subjunctive has only one form , w

2、hich applies to subjects of all persons. Hypothetical or unreal in meaning.Be-subjunctive is realized by the base form of the verb regardless of the person of the subject.一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣（subjunctive mood）是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來(lái)表示： 1、 2、 3. 說(shuō)話人的 4. 特殊的詞、短語(yǔ)、句型 5. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句條件狀語(yǔ)從句其他從句（主、賓、同位語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)）1. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 表示非真實(shí)條件

3、，即的假設(shè)，包括： 1.的假設(shè) 2.的假設(shè) 3.的假設(shè)（將來(lái)不可能發(fā)生或雖有可能發(fā)生但說(shuō)話人主觀上不希望發(fā)生的假設(shè)）。1. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件從句主句違背現(xiàn)在did/wereshould/would/could/might + do違背過(guò)去had doneshould/would/could/might + have done違背將來(lái)should do/were to do/ didshould/would/could/might + do If he were here, I would explain to him myself. If you had brought a map

4、 with you, you wouldnt have got lost. If he should refuse to appear in court, he might be held guilty.特殊的條件狀語(yǔ)從句, there no wind or clouds., we the work better., we earlier. 如果條件從句的謂語(yǔ)包含有had, should或were,有時(shí)if可以省略；這時(shí)，had, should 或were要移到主語(yǔ)前面，形成倒裝。 he not ill, he . I it, I it in a different way. it tomor

5、row, what we ?2. 其他從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在表示以及表示等含義的主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由“”或“”構(gòu)成。2. 其他從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 It is necessary/ imperative/ important/ essential/ advisable/ better/ ordered/ proposed/ desired/ requested/ suggested/ recommended/ demanded/ decided/ arranged that It is desired that we everything ready

6、before Friday.2. 其他從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣suggest, insist, recommend, order, propose, require, request, command, demand He commanded that we the enemy at once.2. 其他從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 suggestion, proposal, order, instruction, advice, motion He gave the order that the results of the experiment rechecked.3. 主觀愿望 wish, would ra

7、ther (sooner), if only, as if, as though后用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的主觀愿望。 I wish I were a bit slimmer. I wish I hadnt eaten so much last night. I wish you would listen to my advice.動(dòng)詞形式用法過(guò)去式表示當(dāng)時(shí)未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望過(guò)去完成式表示過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望過(guò)去將來(lái)式表示將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望4. 特殊的詞、短語(yǔ)、句型 4.1 much as: 盡管、雖然 從句用would have done表示假設(shè)，可以使說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣變得十分委婉、真誠(chéng)。 Much as

8、 _, I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didnt have that much spare cash. (99) A. I would have liked to B. I would like to have C. I should have to like D. I should have liked to4. 特殊的詞、短語(yǔ)、句型 4.2 lest, for fear that 從句常用should do，should 可以省略。 The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest

9、 he _ himself. A injure B had injured C injured D would injure4. 特殊的詞、短語(yǔ)、句型 4.3 It is high/about time that + 過(guò)去式 It is the first time sb. has/have done sth.4. 特殊的詞、短語(yǔ)、句型 4.4 公式化語(yǔ)句 Long live the Peoples Republic of China! God bless you!/ God damn you!/ Heaven forbid!/ Devil take him! So be it. Suffic

10、e it to say that. Far be it from me to spoil the fun. He will remain here if need be. Home is home, be it ever so homely. He is my best friend, my second self, as it were.5.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間不同，動(dòng)詞形式根據(jù)實(shí)際情況調(diào)整。 Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be

11、 so thriving. （主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反） Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. （主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反） C.f. If he were here, I would explain to him myself. If you had brought a map with you, you wouldnt have got lost. If he should refuse to appear in court, he

12、 might be held guilty.真題演練1 If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ mush easier to learn.A could have been B would be C will be D would have been2 Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now.A would be getting B could have got C must get D would get3 _ if I had a

13、rrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised4 If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can.A would be B will have been C was D were5 _

14、 you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had真題演練6. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.A werent B hasnt been C hadnt been D wouldnt be7 _ for the fact that

15、she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was it not D. Were it not8 If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.A shall need B should need C would need D will need9 If only the patient _ a different treatment

16、 instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A had received B received C should receive D were receiving10 If only I _ play the guitar as well as you!A would B could C should D might真題演練11 He would have finished his college education, but he _ to quit and find a job to support his

17、family.A had had B has C had D would have12 What courses are you going to do next semester? I dont know. But its about time _ on something.A Id decide B I decided C I decide D Im deciding13 If you have already been studying English for so long. Its about time you _ able to write letters in English.A

18、 should be B were C must be D are14 That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him.A betrayed.take B had betrayed.took C has betrayed.took D has betrayed.take15 Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop真題演練 16 It is imperative that the government _