人教必修四Unit1-主謂一致

1、人教必修四人教必修四Unit1-Unit1-主謂一致主謂一致主謂一致主謂一致 What is S-V agreement? 用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ a teacher. (be)2. He _ good at swimming. (be)3. You _ late for school again.(be) 4. They _ many new books. (have)5. She _ two sisters.(have)amisarehavehas根據(jù)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)決定與其一致的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)決定與其一致的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子中在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子

2、中, ,當(dāng)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)稱單數(shù)時(shí)( (如如:it,he,she,my :it,he,she,my father,Kens sisterfather,Kens sister等等) ), ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞( (在在主語(yǔ)后的動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)后的動(dòng)詞,be,be也是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞) )用單數(shù)用單數(shù). .主要有以下幾種變化主要有以下幾種變化: :1.1.在詞尾加在詞尾加s s, ,如如:look-looks:look-looks2.2.以以o,s,x,ch,sh,o,s,x,ch,sh,結(jié)尾的加結(jié)尾的加eses, ,如如:go-goes,do-does/pass-passes :go

3、-goes,do-does/pass-passes fix-fixes/ watch-watches fix-fixes/ watch-watches wash-washeswash-washes3.3.以輔音字母以輔音字母+y+y結(jié)尾的結(jié)尾的, ,把把y y改為改為i i加加- -es,es,如如:try-tries:try-tries4.4.特殊變化特殊變化( (見(jiàn)一個(gè)記一個(gè)見(jiàn)一個(gè)記一個(gè)),),如如:have-:have-hashas5.be5.be的變化的變化:be-is:be-is注意注意: :過(guò)去式時(shí)過(guò)去式時(shí),be-was,be-was,這時(shí)這時(shí)I I也看作也看作單數(shù)單數(shù), ,用用w

4、as was 特別注意不要與名詞復(fù)數(shù)特別注意不要與名詞復(fù)數(shù)弄混啊弄混啊! !主謂一致的定義主謂一致的定義英語(yǔ)句子中，主語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)句子中，主語(yǔ)的“人稱人稱”和和“數(shù)數(shù)”要要限制、決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化限制、決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式變化，這就叫，這就叫“主謂一致主謂一致”關(guān)系。它通常依據(jù)三項(xiàng)原則：關(guān)系。它通常依據(jù)三項(xiàng)原則：1 1）語(yǔ)法一致）語(yǔ)法一致 2 2）意義一致；）意義一致； 3 3）就近一致）就近一致1. and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作代詞作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：(1) 如果指如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以

5、上不同的人或 事物事物的時(shí)候的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。如：如：(is/are) He and I _both students of this school. Horse and rat _both animals. areThe singer and dancer _ on the stage.is(2) 如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人同一個(gè)人或或物物, 或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的時(shí)候的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)要用謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 The gift is used to have western meals.What is it?A knife and

6、 fork is used to have meals.What he is doing very important.(seem) 他正在做的事情看起來(lái)很重要。他正在做的事情看起來(lái)很重要。 Collecting stamps his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛(ài)好收集郵票是他的愛(ài)好 seemsis Tom , who your friend, should help you.2. 如果主語(yǔ)是不定式，動(dòng)詞如果主語(yǔ)是不定式，動(dòng)詞ing形式或主語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候形式或主語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。is3、主語(yǔ)后面帶有主語(yǔ)后面帶有with, along with, together w

7、ith, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí)等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。與前面的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。1. The teacher with two students _ at the meeting . (was / were)2.E-mail, as well as the telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C

8、. are playing D. play wasA1) A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered1) Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known 4. 連接的并列主語(yǔ)被連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each, every, no或或 many a 修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)。用單數(shù)。 Ever

9、y desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake. Each man and woman _ the same rights. A. has B. have C. had D. is havingMany a passenger _killed in the accident.由由each, every, no, many a所所修飾的名詞，即使用修飾的名詞，即使用 and連接作連接作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 was5.定語(yǔ)從句

10、中定語(yǔ)從句中,“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從定語(yǔ)從句句”從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。 若在在one of 前有前有the, the only, the very修修飾時(shí)飾時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)單數(shù)。Eg:1.)She is one of these women who _the violin well.2.)She is the one of these women who _the violin well.playplays6.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，如被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，如被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，則則that/who后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)

11、的主后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)一致語(yǔ)一致eg: 1.)It is Mike who always _ me to study maths after class.2.)It was I rather than they that _ punished by the boss.helpswas概念一致原則概念一致原則 所謂概念一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)一所謂概念一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式, 而是其實(shí)際意而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是單數(shù)義。有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是單數(shù), 但在意義但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)上卻是復(fù)

12、數(shù)；有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。語(yǔ)言一致原則語(yǔ)言一致原則1. 不定代詞不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋(píng)果都爛了。所有的蘋(píng)果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個(gè)蘋(píng)果都爛了。整個(gè)蘋(píng)果都爛了。 不定代詞不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。 are isAll of us here for lunch.All go

13、ing well.Two yearsa short time to some people.Three thousand miles a long distance.areisisis2、分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of ，the rest of , the majority of ，half of , some of ，all of ，most of 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式通常與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式通常與of 后面的名詞或短語(yǔ)后面的名詞或短語(yǔ)_。保持一致保持一致3. His family isnt very large. 他的家族不是很大。他的家族不是很大。4. His family

14、 are music lovers. 他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。歸納集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，歸納集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 _ 形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用 _形式。形式。此類名詞有此類名詞有family，class, group，_ _等。等。單數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)army，enemy，government，team，public，crowd，population，The team The team _ some good players. (have) some good players. (have)The

15、 team _ handsome. (be)The team _ handsome. (be)hashasareare4. 某些名詞如某些名詞如people, police, cattle等等,形形式上是單數(shù)式上是單數(shù), 但意義上是復(fù)數(shù)但意義上是復(fù)數(shù), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如數(shù)，如someone ,somebody, something, any

16、body, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。有人找你。Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒(méi)找到。在屋子里什么也沒(méi)找到。6. 名詞如名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)用復(fù)數(shù). 如如:7. 形復(fù)意單名詞如形復(fù)意單名詞如: news; 以以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱結(jié)尾的

17、學(xué)科名稱如如: physics, mathematics; 國(guó)名如國(guó)名如: the United States; 報(bào)紙名如報(bào)紙名如: the New Times; 書(shū)名如書(shū)名如: Arabian Nights; 以及以及 the United Nations 等作主等作主語(yǔ)語(yǔ); 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如如:8. 如果主語(yǔ)由如果主語(yǔ)由“the + 形容詞形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞或過(guò)去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù);這類詞有這類詞有:the poor, the rich, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等等1. 由由

18、here, there, where引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中,(有時(shí)有時(shí)主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致. 用連詞用連詞 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also 等連接的并列主語(yǔ)等連接的并列主語(yǔ), 或者在或者在there be句型中句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致. 如如: Neither you nor I _ wrong. There _a cup of tea and some apples on the table.一、用一、用be

19、的適當(dāng)形式填空。的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Nothing but cars _sold in the shop.因有連詞因有連詞but，所以謂語(yǔ)形式跟，所以謂語(yǔ)形式跟Nothing一一致，用第三人稱單數(shù)。致，用第三人稱單數(shù)。2. Seventy percent of the students in our school _from the countryside.百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式通常與百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式通常與of 后面的名詞或短語(yǔ)保持一致。后面的名詞或短語(yǔ)保持一致。isare3. The number of the people invited _fifty， but a n

20、umber of them _absent for different reasons.因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)門(mén)he number of .(的數(shù)量的數(shù)量)作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；而動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；而a number of .表示表示“許許多多” 所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4. A poet and artist _coming to speak to us about painting tomorrow afternoon.A poet and artist指指“詩(shī)人兼畫(huà)家詩(shī)人兼畫(huà)家”，所以謂語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。iswaswere5. The

21、whole family _watching TV.family是集體名詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，所以謂語(yǔ)是集體名詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。6. Walking and riding _good exercises.walking and riding (步行和騎車步行和騎車)是不同的是不同的概念，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。概念，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。areare7. Going to bed early and getting up early _a good habit.Going to bed early and getting up early表表示同一概念，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

22、詞用單數(shù)形式。示同一概念，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。8. Your shoes _ black.shoes 為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。形式。isare9. This pair of trousers _too long for him.“pair/piece/kind of+名詞或代詞名詞或代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與pair， piece， kind 等詞的形式保等詞的形式保持一致。常見(jiàn)名詞有持一致。常見(jiàn)名詞有trousers， glasses， gloves， shoes， slippers 等。等。10. What we need

23、_doctors.what在句中指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞在句中指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞doctors， 所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。isare二、動(dòng)詞填空二、動(dòng)詞填空 1. Either your students or Mr. Wang _(know) this.either .or .連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)就近原則來(lái)判斷。據(jù)就近原則來(lái)判斷。2. Each boy and each girl _(want) to serve the people in future.兩個(gè)并列的名詞前如果有兩個(gè)并列的名詞前如果有each， every， no， many a 等

24、修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。knowswants3. Many a ship _(damage) in the storm.many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。數(shù)形式。4. More than one student _(see) the film.more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。詞用單數(shù)形式。was damagedhas seen5. Between the two windows _ (hang) a picture.在倒裝句中在倒裝句中, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與其后的主

25、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與其后的主語(yǔ)保持一致。語(yǔ)保持一致。6. Those who _(want) to go please sign your name here.定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)先行詞作變化。定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)先行詞作變化。hangswant7. The blind _(study) in special school.表示類別的表示類別的the+形容詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)形容詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。數(shù)形式。8. So far，every possible means _ (try) to save the miners stuck in the mine.means為單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同

26、的名詞，而且為單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞，而且every 接接單數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。單數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。has been triedstudy9. When and where to build the new factory _(not decide) yet.動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。式。10. Ten minutes _ (seem) an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為表示距離、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值、金額、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為表示距離、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值、金額、重量

27、等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。has not been decidedseems三、完成句子三、完成句子 1. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生活有重要意義。鋼鐵工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生活有重要意義。The iron and steel industry _.2. 他似乎沒(méi)理解我的意思，這使我心煩。他似乎沒(méi)理解我的意思，這使我心煩。He seems not to have grasped what I meant，which _.greatly upsets meis veryimportant to our life3. 許多男孩喜歡踢足球。許多男孩喜歡踢足球。 Man

28、y a boy _.4. 到目前為止，這兩條新鐵路線的工程到目前為止，這兩條新鐵路線的工程建設(shè)已經(jīng)結(jié)束。建設(shè)已經(jīng)結(jié)束。The construction of the two new railway lines _ by now.has been completedlikes playing football5. 除經(jīng)理以外，所有的職員都被鼓勵(lì)在家中通除經(jīng)理以外，所有的職員都被鼓勵(lì)在家中通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)機(jī)工作。過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)機(jī)工作。All the employees except the manager _ at home.6. 他是唯一一個(gè)連續(xù)三年獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的學(xué)生。他是唯一一個(gè)連續(xù)三年獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的學(xué)生。H

29、e is the only one of the students who _ for three years. areencouraged to work onlinea winner of scholarshiphas been7. 每一名學(xué)生都在努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，希望能每一名學(xué)生都在努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，希望能夠升入大學(xué)。夠升入大學(xué)。Each of the students，working hard at his or her lessons, _.8. 與我一樣，簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗厭倦了一次又一次與我一樣，簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗厭倦了一次又一次的考試。的考試。Not only I but also Jane and Ma

30、ry _.hopes to go to universityof having one examination after anotherare tired9. 他的他的“詩(shī)選詩(shī)選”于于1999年第一次出版。年第一次出版。His Selected Poems _ in 1999.10. 你的褲子太臟了，應(yīng)該馬上洗洗。你的褲子太臟了，應(yīng)該馬上洗洗。Your trousers _that you should _ at once.wash themwas first publishedare so dirty1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais

31、 Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam DbeExercises:3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Ca

32、m Dbe5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come7No one except my parents _ anything about this。 Aknow Bknows Cis known Dare known8The teacher as well as the students _ the book already Ahas read Bhave read Care reading Dis reading9All but one _ in the accident Awas killed Bwere killed Cwill be killed