被動語態(tài)的用法

1、Unit 4 when was it invented?語法：語法： 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài).主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)： 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)英語動詞有兩種語態(tài), ,即主動語態(tài)即主動語態(tài)(The Active (The Active Voice)Voice)與被動語態(tài)（與被動語態(tài)（The Passive Voice)The Passive Voice)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者; ;被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。 e.g. 1.They make trains in Zhuzhou . 2.The farmers gro

2、w cotton every year. 主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)Trains are made in Zhuzhou.Cotton is grown by the farmers every year. The passive voice 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者 （在被動語態(tài)中動作的執(zhí)行者有時用（在被動語態(tài)中動作的執(zhí)行者有時用by短語表示短語表示出來出來.）被動語態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的:(助動詞)be+ done(及物動詞的過去分詞) be隨著時態(tài)的變化而變化隨

3、著時態(tài)的變化而變化The passive voice.Bellinvented the telephone in 1876.wasby各種時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的公式各種時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的公式時態(tài)時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去式一般過去式 現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時過去進行時 一般將來時一般將來時 過去將來時過去將來時 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時過去完成時 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 am/is/are + donewas/were + done am/is/are + being + donewas/were + being+ done will be donewould be donehaveha

4、s been donehad been doneV情態(tài)情態(tài) + be done主主+do/does主主+ did主主+ am/is/are + doing主主+ was/were + doing主主+ will do主主+ would do主主+ havehas done主主+ had done主主+ V情態(tài)情態(tài) + do主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)e.g Many people speak English.English is spokenby many people. 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的步驟：主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的步驟：1 1、到主動句中的第一個實義動詞后面找到動作的承受、到主動句中的

5、第一個實義動詞后面找到動作的承受者，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語（變?yōu)橹鞲瘢徽?，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語（變?yōu)橹鞲瘢? 2、將謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構，套公式；、將謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構，套公式；3 3、由、由byby加上主動句的主語（變成賓格），當不強調動加上主動句的主語（變成賓格），當不強調動作的執(zhí)行者時，常省略。作的執(zhí)行者時，常省略。4.4.其它成分不變。其它成分不變。The passive voiceBell invented the telephone in 1876. The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876. 主語謂語動詞過去時賓語時間狀語主語謂語動詞的

6、過去分詞賓語時間狀語Exercises（將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)）（將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)）1. We have run out of all the food.2. We should allow teenagers to make their own decisions.3. They are building the house.4. We will fill the cup with some water.5. Who invented the telephone?All the food has been run out of (by us).Teenagers should be a

7、llowed to make their own decisions (by us).The building is being built (by them).The cup will be filled with some water (by us).Who was the telephone invented by?By whom was the telephone invented ?注意問題注意問題一、英語中的可以帶雙賓的動詞，變被動語態(tài)有兩一、英語中的可以帶雙賓的動詞，變被動語態(tài)有兩種變法種變法: 若人（間賓）作主語，后面直接抄上物；若人（間賓）作主語，后面直接抄上物； 若物（直賓

8、）作主語，后面的人之前必須加介詞若物（直賓）作主語，后面的人之前必須加介詞to或者或者for.如：如：I gave him a gift yesterday. (人作主語）人作主語） (物作主語）物作主語） He a gift was givenby me yesterday.I gave him a gift yesterday. A gift was given to him by me yesterday.如： My parent have bought me a bike.(被動）人作主語：人作主語：物作主語：物作主語：I have been bought a bike by my p

9、arents.A bike has been bought for me by my parents.二、使役動詞（二、使役動詞（make, let, have）;以及感官動詞（以及感官動詞（see, hear, find,notice, watch等），后面接等），后面接sb. do sth 時，變被動語態(tài)時，時，變被動語態(tài)時，do要要變成變成 to do.如：如：The boss made them work for a long time. (被動）被動）Theywere made to workby the boss.for a long time再如：再如：We often see

10、him play in the park. (被動）被動） He is often seen to play in the park (by us).即：即：make sb. do sth.變被動變被動sb. be made to do sth.see sb. do sth.變被動變被動sb. be seen to do sth.三、不定式三、不定式 to do的被動結構是的被動結構是to be done 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞動名詞doing的被動結構是的被動結構是 being done如：如： You are lucky _ by the reporter. (interview) To

11、m went to the party without _. (invite)to be interviewedbeing invited四、如何判斷句子為被動語態(tài)：四、如何判斷句子為被動語態(tài)： 1.句子中有句子中有by sb. 2.句子的主語為物時，大部分的句子為被動語態(tài)句子的主語為物時，大部分的句子為被動語態(tài) 3. 動詞或介詞后面應該帶的賓語，沒有出現(xiàn)。動詞或介詞后面應該帶的賓語，沒有出現(xiàn)。如：We _ not to speak in class. (tell) Nobody likes _ at. (laugh) I remember _ by the teacher. (encoura

12、ge)being laughed are told to be laughedbeing encouraged 五、被動語態(tài)變主動語態(tài)步驟：五、被動語態(tài)變主動語態(tài)步驟： 1.找到找到by sb. ，將，將sb.變?yōu)橹鞲穹旁谥髡Z的位置，變?yōu)橹鞲穹旁谥髡Z的位置，by去掉。去掉。（若句中沒有（若句中沒有by sb. ，根據(jù)句子的意思自己加主語，根據(jù)句子的意思自己加主語we/they.） 2. 將將be done謂語動詞還原成主動語態(tài)結構謂語動詞還原成主動語態(tài)結構 3. 將被動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)橘e格放到謂語動詞之后。將被動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)橘e格放到謂語動詞之后。 4. 其他成分不變。其他成分不變。如：The

13、book was written by him.(主動語態(tài)） The old should be taken good care of. .(主動語態(tài)） He wrotethe book. We should take good care of the old. Exercises 1. 紙是中國發(fā)明的。 Paper _ _ (invent) in China.2. 這棟大樓是去年建造的。 The building _ _ (build) last year.3. 世界上許多國家都講英文。 English _ _ (speak) in many countries all over the w

14、orld .was inventedwas builtis spoken4. The TV was invented by an Englishman. (劃劃線部分提問線部分提問) _ _ the TV invented _? 5. The telephone was invented in 1876 . (劃線部分劃線部分提問提問) _ _ the telephone _?Who was byWhen was invented6. The washing machine is used for washing clothes . (劃線部分提問劃線部分提問) _?What is the washing machine used for用所給動詞的正確形式填空：用所給動詞的正確形式填空： 1) The bike _(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2) Sunglas