2016年5月翻譯資格考試二級(jí)英語(yǔ)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題試卷【含答案】

1、 2016年5月翻譯資格考試二級(jí)英語(yǔ)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題試卷【含答案】Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Passage 1 Jane Goodall was already on a London dock in March 1957 when she realized that her passport was missing. In just a few hours, she was due to depart on her first trip to Africa. A school friend had moved to a f

2、arm outside Nairobi and, knowing Goodalls childhood dream was to live among the African wildlife, invited her to stay with the family for a while. Goodall, then 22, saved for two years to pay for her passage to Kenya: waitressing, doing secretarial work, temping at the post office in her hometown, B

3、ournemouth, on Englands southern coast. Now all this was for naught, it seemed. Its hard not to wonder how subsequent events in her life rather consequential as they have turned out to be to conservation, to science, to our sense of ourselves as a species might have unfolded differently had someone

4、not found her passport, along with an itinerary from Cooks, the travel agency, folded inside, and delivered it to the Cooks office. An agency representative, documents in hand, found her on the dock. “Incredible,” Goodall told me last month, recalling that day. “Amazing.” Within two months of her ar

5、rival, Goodall met the paleontologist Louis Leakey Nairobi was a small town for its white population in those days and he immediately offered her a job at the natural-history museum where he was curator. He spent much of the next three years testing her capacity for repetitive work. He believed in a

6、 hypothesis first put forth by Charles Darwin that humans and chimpanzees share an evolutionary ancestor. Close study of chimpanzees in the wild, he thought, might tell us something about that common progenitor. He was, in other words, looking for someone to live among Africas wild animals. One nigh

7、t, he told Goodall that he knew just the place where she could do it: Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve, in the British colony of Tanganyika (now Tanzania). In July 1960, Goodall boarded a boat and after a few hours motoring over the warm, deep waters of Lake Tanganyika, she stepped onto the pebbly be

8、ach at Gombe. Her finding, published in Nature in 1964, that chimpanzees use tools extracting insects from a termite mound with leaves of grass drastically and forever altered humanitys understanding of itself; man was no longer the natural worlds only user of tools. After two and a half decades of

9、living out her childhood dream, Goodall made an abrupt career shift, from scientist to conservationist.Passage 2 Scientists have found the first evidence that briny water flowed on the surface of Mars as recently as last summer, a paper published on Monday showed, raising the possibility that the pl

10、anet could support life. Although the source and the chemistry of the water is unknown, the discovery will change scientists thinking about whether the planet that is most like Earth in the solar system could support present day microbial life. The discovery was made when scientists developed a new

11、technique to analyze chemical maps of the surface of Mars obtained by NASAs Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. They found telltale fingerprints of salts that form only in the presence of water in narrow channels cut into cliff walls throughout the planets equatorial region. The slopes appear du

12、ring the warm summer months on Mars, then vanish when the temperatures drop. Scientists suspected the streaks were cut by flowing water, but previously had been unable to make the measurements. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter makes its measurements during the hottest part of the Martian day, so scientis

13、ts believed any traces of water, or fingerprints from hydrated minerals, would have evaporated. Also, the chemical-sensing instrument on the orbiting spacecraft cannot home in on details as small as the narrow streaks, which typically are less than 16 feet wide. But Ojha and colleagues created a com

14、puter program that could scrutinize individual pixels. That data was then correlated with high-resolution images of the streaks. Scientists concentrated on the widest streaks and came up with a 100 percent match between their locations and detections of hydrated salts.Section 2: Chinese-English Tran

15、slation (50 points)Passage 1 人口問(wèn)題歸根結(jié)底是發(fā)展問(wèn)題。人口的急劇增長(zhǎng)，社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展，給資源和環(huán)境帶來(lái)了空前壓力。我們要關(guān)注人口增長(zhǎng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系，統(tǒng)籌解決好人口數(shù)量、素質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)和分布問(wèn)題。 人口流動(dòng)和家庭結(jié)構(gòu)變化將對(duì)公共服務(wù)和社會(huì)治理帶來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)。大規(guī)模的人口流動(dòng)成為推動(dòng)社會(huì)變遷的主要力量，同時(shí)也加快了家庭的小型化、多樣化、離散化。 我們要大力推進(jìn)流動(dòng)人口基本公共服務(wù)均等化，著力提升流動(dòng)人口服務(wù)管理水平，確保流動(dòng)人口公平公正地享受城鎮(zhèn)公共資源和社會(huì)福利，全面參與政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化生活，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)立足、社會(huì)接納、身份認(rèn)同和文化交融。Passage 2 本

16、美術(shù)館以收藏、研究、展示中國(guó)近現(xiàn)代至當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家作品為重點(diǎn)的國(guó)家藝術(shù)博物館，是新中國(guó)成立以后的國(guó)家文化標(biāo)志性建筑。主體大樓為仿古閣樓式，黃色琉璃瓦大屋頂，四周廊榭圍繞，具有鮮明的民族建筑風(fēng)格。主樓建筑面積18000多平方米 ，共有17個(gè)展覽廳，展覽總面積8300平方米。 中國(guó)美術(shù)館現(xiàn)收藏各類美術(shù)作品10萬(wàn)余件，以19世紀(jì)末至今中國(guó)藝術(shù)名家和各時(shí)期代表作品為主，兼有部分古代書(shū)畫(huà)和外國(guó)藝術(shù)作品，同時(shí)也包括豐富的民間美術(shù)作品。建館以來(lái)，中國(guó)美術(shù)館已舉辦數(shù)千場(chǎng)具有影響的各類美術(shù)展覽，反映了中國(guó)美術(shù)繁榮發(fā)展的態(tài)勢(shì)，也成為中國(guó)與國(guó)際藝術(shù)交流的重要平臺(tái)。 中國(guó)美術(shù)館也注重通過(guò)網(wǎng)站及“數(shù)字美術(shù)館”項(xiàng)目建設(shè)延展公

17、眾服務(wù)內(nèi)容和手段，網(wǎng)站3次改版，建成10多個(gè)美術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，日益成為美術(shù)信息發(fā)布、檢索與共享平臺(tái)。 筆譯答案Passage 1 1957年3月，簡(jiǎn)古多爾已站在倫敦的一個(gè)碼頭上，突然發(fā)覺(jué)自己的護(hù)照不見(jiàn)蹤影了。再過(guò)幾個(gè)小時(shí)，她該出發(fā)，踏上第一次去非洲的旅程。她的一位老同學(xué)移居內(nèi)羅畢郊外的一座農(nóng)場(chǎng)，知道古多爾自幼夢(mèng)想與非洲的野生動(dòng)物為伴，因此邀請(qǐng)她到家中小住。時(shí)年22歲的古多爾花了兩時(shí)時(shí)間積攢去肯尼亞的旅費(fèi)：她當(dāng)過(guò)服務(wù)員，做過(guò)文秘，還在家鄉(xiāng)（英格蘭南部海岸伯恩茅斯）的郵局干過(guò)臨時(shí)工?，F(xiàn)在看起來(lái)，這一切都白費(fèi)了。 令人不禁感到驚訝的是，雖然她后來(lái)的生活軌跡證明對(duì)環(huán)保工作，對(duì)科學(xué)以及對(duì)我們自身作為物種的認(rèn)識(shí)

18、上都至關(guān)重要，若不是有人撿到護(hù)照和夾在里面的庫(kù)克旅行社的行程表，并將其交到旅行社辦事處，這一切都將會(huì)不可能了。旅行社的一位代表拿著這些材料在碼頭上找到了她。上個(gè)月，她回想起那天發(fā)生的事時(shí)對(duì)我說(shuō)：“太不可思議了，真是一個(gè)驚喜?！?古多爾到了肯尼亞后，不到兩個(gè)月，就遇見(jiàn)了古生物學(xué)家路易斯李基。對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐陌兹藖?lái)說(shuō)，內(nèi)羅畢當(dāng)時(shí)就是個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。李基在自然史博物館當(dāng)館長(zhǎng)。馬上就在博物館給她安排了一個(gè)工作。接下來(lái)的三年中，他花了很多時(shí)間考查她有沒(méi)有反復(fù)做一件工作的能力。 路易斯李基相信達(dá)爾文首提的一項(xiàng)假設(shè)：人類和黑猩猩是由一個(gè)共同祖先進(jìn)化而來(lái)的。他認(rèn)為，如果仔細(xì)觀察野外黑猩猩，我們就能進(jìn)一步了解共同祖先。換言之，

19、他在物色一個(gè)人，能和非洲的野生動(dòng)物一起生活。一天晚上，他對(duì)古爾多說(shuō)，他知道有個(gè)地方正好讓她做這項(xiàng)工作。貢貝河黑猩猩保護(hù)區(qū)，地點(diǎn)在英國(guó)殖民地坦噶尼喀（即今坦桑尼亞） 1960年7月，古爾多先乘船，然后乘摩托快艇在坦噶尼喀溫暖的水面上航行數(shù)小時(shí)后，來(lái)到貢貝，在布滿鵝卵石的湖岸上下了船。（2分） 1964年，她的研究成果在自然雜志上發(fā)表，該成果證明黑猩猩會(huì)使用工具，用草葉把白蟻堆里的白蟻掏出來(lái)。這徹底改變了人類對(duì)自身的認(rèn)識(shí)：人類不再是大自然中唯一會(huì)使用工具的物種。 古爾多用25年實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己兒時(shí)夢(mèng)想后，突然改行，不當(dāng)科學(xué)家，而當(dāng)了一名環(huán)保工作者。Passage 2 科學(xué)家已發(fā)現(xiàn)首個(gè)證據(jù)，表明夏季火星表

20、面可能有鹵水流動(dòng)。非常重要的是確認(rèn)火星表面有水。這將引發(fā)一系列問(wèn)題，其中最主要的問(wèn)題是：水從哪里來(lái)，它對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的生命跡象意味著什么？ 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了能夠證明生命痕跡的鹽指紋。只有遍布火星赤道地區(qū)的懸崖峭壁上的狹窄溝槽內(nèi)存在水，鹽指紋才能形成。溫暖夏季，火星上出現(xiàn)坡地，一旦降溫，坡地便消失?？茖W(xué)家們懷疑，火星上的這些溝槽是水流沖刷而成，但以前一直無(wú)法測(cè)量這些溝槽。 水里含鹽很重要。否則，當(dāng)火星溫度降到刺骨寒冷時(shí)，水就會(huì)凍結(jié)。水可能源自表層冰，也可能是鹽從稀薄的火星大氣層里吸取的水分，或者可能是由含水層的冒泡形成。 水的發(fā)現(xiàn)很重要，這會(huì)影響到人們對(duì)于太陽(yáng)系中最像地球的火星是否能夠?yàn)榻裉煳⑸锾?/p>

21、供生命支持的思考。 火星偵察軌道在火星最熱時(shí)進(jìn)行測(cè)量，因此，科學(xué)家們?cè)J(rèn)為，即使有水痕或有水合礦物指紋，都可能蒸發(fā)了。而且，軌道航天器上的化學(xué)傳感器不能拍攝小溝槽，它們通常不到16英尺寬。 但是，科學(xué)家開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)電腦程序，可以仔細(xì)觀測(cè)單個(gè)像素。然后，將這些數(shù)據(jù)與高分辨率圖像上的溝槽進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，科學(xué)家集中觀察最寬溝槽，結(jié)果溝槽的地理位置與檢測(cè)到的地理位置與檢測(cè)到的水合鹽完全匹配。 隨后，美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局發(fā)表新聞公告，宣布“火星秘密已經(jīng)揭開(kāi)”，但卻絲毫沒(méi)有透露所謂“秘密”。奧基哈說(shuō)：“美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的公告有點(diǎn)言過(guò)其實(shí)了?！薄斑€有太多的謎團(tuán)尚待解開(kāi)?！?不管水從哪里來(lái)，液態(tài)水前景如何，哪怕是

22、季節(jié)性的，水的發(fā)現(xiàn)還是展現(xiàn)了誘人的前景，即：火星可能為生命提供保障。但是，科學(xué)家們還需要獲得更多有關(guān)水的化學(xué)信息后，才能對(duì)此進(jìn)行評(píng)估。 美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局在軌的火星探測(cè)器“好奇號(hào)”已發(fā)現(xiàn)證據(jù)，證明在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，火星曾具有適合微生物生命存在的所有物質(zhì)和適宜環(huán)境。漢譯英Passage 1 In the final analysis, the population issue is an issue of development. We should pay great attention to the relationship between the change in population

23、 and sustainable development, and give full consideration to the relationship between the quantity, quality, structure and distribution of the population. Inparticular, we should focus on the impact of the change in the population structure on economic and social development, incorporate the populat

24、ion issue in to the national plan for economic and social development and make sure that population growth is in keeping with the economic and social development as well as resources and the environment. Massive population migration has become an important force driving social transformation and eco

25、nomic development, but it has also made families smaller and more diversified, and members of many live in separation. Population migration and change in family structure pose a challenge to public services and social governance. we should make great efforts to ensure equal access to basic public se

26、rvices among the migrant people and help them get equal opportunities to live and develop in cities and towns,letting them enjoy public resources and social welfare services and participate in political, economic, social and cultural activities on an equal footing,become independent economically, ga

27、in due social identity and achieve cultural integration. Passage 2 The National Art Museum of China (NAMOC) is a national art museum dedicated to collection, research and exhibitions of modern and contemporary artistic works in China. NAMOC is a national cultural landmark after founding of New China. The main building, roofed with yellow glazed tiles and surrounded by corridors and pavilions, features the styles of ancient Chinese attics and traditional architecture. The building, with 17 exhibition halls covers an area of more