期末復(fù)習(xí)C語言

1、題型：題型：一、單選題一、單選題二、填空二、填空三、判斷三、判斷四、程序閱讀題，寫出運(yùn)行后輸出結(jié)果四、程序閱讀題，寫出運(yùn)行后輸出結(jié)果五、程序設(shè)計(jì)題五、程序設(shè)計(jì)題一緒論1.面向?qū)ο蟮幕靖拍疃﨏+簡單程序設(shè)計(jì)1.基本的數(shù)據(jù)類型和表達(dá)式2.基本的分支和循環(huán)語句三函數(shù)1.函數(shù)的定義2.函數(shù)調(diào)用的基本格式，參數(shù)傳遞3.引用的定義4.內(nèi)聯(lián)函數(shù)5.帶默認(rèn)參數(shù)的函數(shù)6.重載函數(shù) 四類與對象1.面向?qū)ο蟮乃拇筇匦?.類的定義，對象的定義3.構(gòu)造函數(shù)、析構(gòu)函數(shù)、拷貝構(gòu)造函數(shù)4.類的組合五數(shù)據(jù)的共享與保護(hù)1.靜態(tài)生存期、動(dòng)態(tài)生存期2.類的靜態(tài)成員、非靜態(tài)成員（數(shù)據(jù)成員、成員函數(shù)）3.友元函數(shù)4.常引用、常對象、常

2、成員函數(shù)、常數(shù)據(jù)成員的基本概念5.外部變量、靜態(tài)變量的定義和作用六數(shù)組、指針與字符串1.數(shù)組的基本概念、定義與初始化2.指針的基本概念、定義與初始化3.指針常量和常量指針4.指針作為函數(shù)的參數(shù)5.對象指針6.this指針7.動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)存分配8.深拷貝和淺拷貝七繼承與派生1.繼承與派生的基本概念2.基類、派生類的定義3.三種繼承方式、相應(yīng)的權(quán)限控制4.類型兼容規(guī)則5.派生類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)和析構(gòu)函數(shù)執(zhí)行次序6.同名隱藏規(guī)則7.虛基類八多態(tài)性1.運(yùn)算符重載2.虛函數(shù)3.純虛函數(shù)與抽象類4.靜態(tài)綁定與動(dòng)態(tài)綁定11下列關(guān)于構(gòu)造函數(shù)的描述中，錯(cuò)誤的是 【A】構(gòu)造函數(shù)名與類名相同【B】構(gòu)造函數(shù)沒有返回值【C】當(dāng)程序

3、員重載構(gòu)造函數(shù)，添加一個(gè)帶參數(shù)的構(gòu)造函數(shù)后，系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的無參數(shù)構(gòu)造函數(shù)仍然可以被調(diào)用【D】每個(gè)類都有構(gòu)造函數(shù)構(gòu)造函數(shù)和析構(gòu)函數(shù)12假定A為一個(gè)類，則語句A(A &a);為該類 _函數(shù)的原型說明 構(gòu)造函數(shù)和析構(gòu)函數(shù)13以下關(guān)于帶默認(rèn)形參值的函數(shù)中，正確的是_【A】void func(int a, int b=4, int c)【B】void func(int a=3, int b=4, int c)【C】void func(int a=3, int b, int c=5)【D】void func(int a, int b=4, int c=5)帶默認(rèn)形參值的函數(shù)14若A為一個(gè)類，x為該類的非靜態(tài)數(shù)

4、據(jù)成員，在該類的一個(gè)成員函數(shù)定義中訪問x時(shí)，其書寫格式為 【A】 x【B】 A:x 【C】 x( ) 【D】 A:x( )靜態(tài)成員15以下關(guān)于this指針，說法錯(cuò)誤的是_【A】 this指針明確指出了成員函數(shù)當(dāng)前所操作的數(shù)據(jù) 所屬的對象【B】 在成員函數(shù)中，可以使用(*this)來標(biāo)識正在調(diào) 用該函數(shù)的對象【C】 靜態(tài)成員函數(shù)中也可以使用this指針【D】 非靜態(tài)成員函數(shù)中的語句“X=xx;”等價(jià)于 “this-X=xx;” 指 針16#include using namespace std;class Point /Point類定義public:/外部接口Point(int x = 0, i

5、nt y = 0) : x(x), y(y) count+; Point(Point &p); Point() count-; int getX() return x; int getY() return y; static void showCount() /靜態(tài)成員函數(shù) cout Object count = count endl;private:/私有數(shù)據(jù)成員int x, y;static int count;/靜態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)成員聲明;靜態(tài)成員Point:Point(Point &p) x = p.x;y = p.y;count+;int Point:count=0;int main() /主

6、函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)Point a(4,5);/聲明對象AcoutPoint A,a.getX(),a.getY();Point:showCount();/輸出對象個(gè)數(shù)Point b(a);/聲明對象BcoutPoint B,b.GetX(),b.GetY();Point: showCount();/輸出對象個(gè)數(shù)return 0;4318#include using namespace std;class Base1 /基類Base1定義public:void display() const cout Base1:display() endl;類型兼容class Base2: public Base1 /

7、公有派生類Base2定義public:void display() const cout Base2:display() endl;class Derived: public Base2 /公有派生類Derived定義public:void display() const cout Derived:display() display(); /對象指針-成員名19int main() /主函數(shù)Base1 base1;/聲明Base1類對象Base2 base2;/聲明Base2類對象Derived derived;/聲明Derived類對象 /用Base1對象的地址調(diào)用fun函數(shù)fun(&bas

8、e1);/用Base2對象的地址調(diào)用fun函數(shù)fun(&base2);/用Derived對象的地址調(diào)用fun函數(shù)fun(&derived);return 0;運(yùn)行結(jié)果：Base1 :display()Base1 :display()Base1 :display()2021派生類的構(gòu)造、析構(gòu)函數(shù)#include using namespace std;class Base1 /基類Base1，構(gòu)造函數(shù)有參數(shù)public:Base1(int i) cout Constructing Base1 i endl; Base1() cout Destructing Base1 endl; ;class

9、Base2 /基類Base2，構(gòu)造函數(shù)有參數(shù)public:Base2(int j) cout Constructing Base2 j endl; Base2() cout Destructing Base2 endl; ;class Base3 /基類Base3，構(gòu)造函數(shù)無參數(shù)public:Base3() cout Constructing Base3 * endl; Base3() cout Destructing Base3 endl; ;class Derived: public Base2, public Base1, public Base3 /派生新類Derived，注意基類名的

10、順序public:/派生類的公有成員Derived(int a, int b, int c, int d): Base1(a), member2(d), member1(c), Base2(b) /注意基類名的個(gè)數(shù)與順序，注意成員對象名的個(gè)數(shù)與順序private:/派生類的私有成員對象Base1 member1;Base2 member2;Base3 member3;int main() Derived obj(1, 2, 3, 4);return 0;2223Constructing Base2 2Constructing Base1 1Constructing Base3 *Constru

11、cting Base1 3Constructing Base2 4Constructing Base3 *Destructing Base3Destructing Base2Destructing Base1Destructing Base3Destructing Base1Destructing Base224同名隱藏規(guī)則#include using namespace std;class Base1 /定義基類Base1public:int var;void fun() cout Member of Base1 endl; ;class Base2 /定義基類Base2public:int

12、 var;void fun() cout Member of Base2 endl; ;class Derived: public Base1, public Base2 /定義派生類Derivedpublic:int var;/同名數(shù)據(jù)成員void fun() cout Member of Derived Base2:var = 3;/作用域分辨符標(biāo)識p-Base2:fun();/訪問Base2基類成員return 0;2526運(yùn)算符重載將“+”、“-”運(yùn)算重載為復(fù)數(shù)類的成員函數(shù)。 規(guī)則: 實(shí)部和虛部分別相加減。實(shí)部和虛部分別相加減。 操作數(shù): 兩個(gè)操作數(shù)都是復(fù)數(shù)類的對象。兩個(gè)操作數(shù)都是復(fù)數(shù)

13、類的對象。#include using namespace std;class Complex /復(fù)數(shù)類定義public:/外部接口Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0) : real(r), imag(i) /構(gòu)造函數(shù)Complex operator + (const Complex &c2) const;/運(yùn)算符+重載成員函數(shù)Complex operator - (const Complex &c2) const;/運(yùn)算符-重載成員函數(shù)void display() const;/輸出復(fù)數(shù)private:/私有數(shù)據(jù)成員double real;/復(fù)數(shù)實(shí)部

14、double imag;/復(fù)數(shù)虛部;27Complex Complex:operator + (const Complex &c2) const /重載運(yùn)算符函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)return Complex(real + c2.real, imag + c2.imag); /創(chuàng)建一個(gè)臨時(shí)無名對象作為返回值Complex Complex:operator - (const Complex &c2) const /重載運(yùn)算符函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)return Complex(real - c2.real, imag - c2.imag); /創(chuàng)建一個(gè)臨時(shí)無名對象作為返回值28void Complex:display() c

15、onst cout ( real , imag ) endl;int main() /主函數(shù)Complex c1(5, 4), c2(2, 10), c3; /定義復(fù)數(shù)類的對象cout c1 = ; c1.display();cout c2 = ; c2.display();c3 = c1 - c2; /使用重載運(yùn)算符完成復(fù)數(shù)減法cout c3 = c1 - c2 = ; c3.display();c3 = c1 + c2; /使用重載運(yùn)算符完成復(fù)數(shù)加法cout c3 = c1 + c2 = ; c3.display();return 0;29#includeusing namespace s

16、td;class Point public:Point(double x, double y) : x(x), y(y) double area() const return 0.0; private:double x, y;class Rectangle: public Point public:Rectangle(double x, double y, double w, double h);double area() const return w * h; private:double w, h;靜態(tài)綁定例30Rectangle:Rectangle(double x, double y,

17、 double w, double h) :Point(x, y), w(w), h(h) void fun(const Point &s) cout Area = s.area() endl;int main() Rectangle rec(3.0, 5.2, 15.0, 25.0);fun(rec); /類型兼容規(guī)則return 0;運(yùn)行結(jié)果：Area = 031#includeusing namespace std;class Point public:Point(double x, double y) : x(x), y(y) virtual double area() const r

18、eturn 0.0; private:double x, y;class Rectangle:public Point public:Rectangle(double x, double y, double w, double h);virtual double area() const return w * h; private:double w, h;/其他函數(shù)同上例動(dòng)態(tài)綁定例 32void fun(const Point &s) cout Area = s.area() endl;int main() Rectangle rec(3.0, 5.2, 15.0, 25.0);fun(rec);return 0;運(yùn)行結(jié)果：Area = 3753334#include using namespace std;class Base1 /基類Base1定義public:virtual void display() co