輪機(jī)英語lesson 18

1、He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Lesson 18 Air Conditioning System 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng) He xueming He xueming China Maritime Police Academy 18.1 New words and expressions renewal 更新，恢復(fù)更新，恢復(fù) thermostat 溫度調(diào)節(jié)裝置溫度調(diào)節(jié)裝置 pneumatic 空氣的，氣動(dòng)的空氣的，氣動(dòng)的 alleyway 小巷，小巷， (船上的船上的)通道通道 porthole 舷窗舷窗 filter 過濾；過濾器，濾波器過濾；過濾

2、器，濾波器 damper 起抑制作用的因素，節(jié)氣閘起抑制作用的因素，節(jié)氣閘 stuffiness 不通風(fēng)，悶熱不通風(fēng)，悶熱 odor 氣味，名聲氣味，名聲 louver 天窗，屋頂窗天窗，屋頂窗 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy 18.2 Text Ships travel the world and are therefore subject to various climatic conditions. The crew of the ship must be provided with reasonable conditions in wh

3、ich to work regardless of the weather 船舶周游世界會(huì)遇到各種各樣的氣候條船舶周游世界會(huì)遇到各種各樣的氣候條 件。不管天氣如何，船員們必須在一個(gè)件。不管天氣如何，船員們必須在一個(gè) 合適的環(huán)境中工作。合適的環(huán)境中工作。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Temperature alone is not a sufficient measure of conditions acceptable to the human bodyRelative humidity in conjunction with temper

4、ature more truly determines the environment for human comfort 溫度不是滿足身體舒適要求的單一條溫度不是滿足身體舒適要求的單一條 件。相對濕度和溫度一起能較為真實(shí)件。相對濕度和溫度一起能較為真實(shí) 的反映人體舒適度的環(huán)境情況。的反映人體舒適度的環(huán)境情況。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Relative humidity，expressed as a percentage，is the ratio of the water vapor pressure in the air tested

5、，to the saturated vapor pressure of air at the same temperature 相對濕度是一個(gè)百分?jǐn)?shù)，系指被測空相對濕度是一個(gè)百分?jǐn)?shù)，系指被測空 氣中水蒸氣分壓與同溫度下飽和水蒸氣中水蒸氣分壓與同溫度下飽和水蒸 氣分壓的比值。氣分壓的比值。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy The fact that less water can be absorbed as air is cooled and more can be absorbed when it is heated is the major

6、consideration in air conditioning system design 溫度低的情況下，空氣的吸水性能低；溫度低的情況下，空氣的吸水性能低； 溫度高，空氣的吸水能力就強(qiáng)。這是溫度高，空氣的吸水能力就強(qiáng)。這是 空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該考慮的主要問題?？照{(diào)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該考慮的主要問題。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Other factors are the nearness of heat sources，exposure to sunlight， sources of cold and the insulation provided a

7、round the space (Fig.18- 1) 其他的一些因素包括與熱源的距離、其他的一些因素包括與熱源的距離、 在太陽光下的暴露、冷源以及空調(diào)間在太陽光下的暴露、冷源以及空調(diào)間 周圍的絕熱周圍的絕熱(圖圖18-1)。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Fig18-1 Marine central air conditioning system 1Return air；2Fresh air；3，4，5Filter； 6Fan；7Heat； 8Humiditor；9. Air cooler;10Dehumiditor; 11Air dist

8、ributor； 12Air supplying pipe； 13Water pan； 14Induction unit； 15Return air； 16Exhaust air； 17Temperature measurer； 18Steam controller； 19Filter；20Steam pressure valve；21Drain unit；22Steam mean； 23Compressor； 24Condensor； 25Expansion valve； 26Water controller； 27Sea water pump； 28Temperature measurin

9、g unit He xueming China Maritime Police Academy An air conditioning system aims to provide a comfortable working environment regardless of outside conditions 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的作用是不管外界的氣候條空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的作用是不管外界的氣候條 件如何，都要提供一個(gè)舒適的工作環(huán)件如何，都要提供一個(gè)舒適的工作環(huán) 境。境。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Satisfactory air treatment mus

10、t involve a relatively “closed” system where the air is circulated and returned 好的空氣處理系統(tǒng)一定包含一個(gè)相對好的空氣處理系統(tǒng)一定包含一個(gè)相對 封閉的系統(tǒng)，在這個(gè)封閉系統(tǒng)內(nèi)空氣封閉的系統(tǒng)，在這個(gè)封閉系統(tǒng)內(nèi)空氣 循環(huán)流動(dòng)。循環(huán)流動(dòng)。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy However，some air is “consumed” by humans and some machinery so there is a requirement for renewal. 然而，

11、空氣在循環(huán)過程中被人和機(jī)械然而，空氣在循環(huán)過程中被人和機(jī)械 消耗掉一部分，因此需要對空氣進(jìn)行消耗掉一部分，因此需要對空氣進(jìn)行 補(bǔ)充。補(bǔ)充。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Public rooms and accommodation will operate with a reduced percentage of air renewal since the conditioning cost of 100renewal would be considerable. 公共房間和處所應(yīng)降低新風(fēng)的比例，因公共房間和處所應(yīng)降低新風(fēng)的比例，因 為，若供

12、入新風(fēng)達(dá)到為，若供入新風(fēng)達(dá)到100，空調(diào)費(fèi)用，空調(diào)費(fèi)用 將會(huì)非常大。將會(huì)非常大。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Air conditioning systems fall into two main classes：individual unit system，in which each room contains its own small refrigeration plant and fan and air cooler； 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)分為兩大類：獨(dú)立空調(diào)系統(tǒng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)分為兩大類：獨(dú)立空調(diào)系統(tǒng) 和中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。在獨(dú)立空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中，和中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)

13、。在獨(dú)立空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中， 各房間有各自的小型制冷裝置、風(fēng)機(jī)各房間有各自的小型制冷裝置、風(fēng)機(jī) 和空氣冷卻器。和空氣冷卻器。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy and central systems，where larger refrigeration machinery unit are installed and their output distributed about the ship by a variety of means. 在中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中，裝備了較大型的制在中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中，裝備了較大型的制 冷裝置，它的輸出以各種方式遍及全船。冷裝置，

14、它的輸出以各種方式遍及全船。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Self-contained units are noisier than central systems，require more maintenance and have been found to have a relatively short life (about 7 years) 獨(dú)立空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的噪聲比中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)獨(dú)立空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的噪聲比中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng) 的大，需要更多的維修保養(yǎng)，工作壽的大，需要更多的維修保養(yǎng)，工作壽 命相對較短命相對較短(大約大約7年年)。 He xueming

15、 China Maritime Police Academy The single duct system only allows for adjustment of temperature in each room by the occupant manually controlling the air volume admitted. 單風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)只允許居住者通過手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)單風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)只允許居住者通過手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié) 空氣量來調(diào)整每個(gè)房間的溫度?？諝饬縼碚{(diào)整每個(gè)房間的溫度。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy It is thus less flexible

16、 than any of the other systems，which allow individual temperature control，at least of sections of the ship if not individual rooms 跟那些允許各個(gè)房間，如果不能做到跟那些允許各個(gè)房間，如果不能做到 各個(gè)房間，至少是部分區(qū)域單獨(dú)控制各個(gè)房間，至少是部分區(qū)域單獨(dú)控制 溫度的空調(diào)相比具有較低的靈活性。溫度的空調(diào)相比具有較低的靈活性。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy With ducted systems，the moder

17、n tendency is to use “high velocity” in the air ducts with fans generating up to 2,550 mbar (250 mm H2O)pressure compared to “l(fā)ow velocity” systems with fans generating about 520 mbar(50 mm H20) 現(xiàn)在的趨勢是在多風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)中，采用空氣高速現(xiàn)在的趨勢是在多風(fēng)管系統(tǒng)中，采用空氣高速 流動(dòng)，這樣的系統(tǒng)中風(fēng)扇能產(chǎn)生流動(dòng)，這樣的系統(tǒng)中風(fēng)扇能產(chǎn)生2550 mbar (250 mm水柱水柱)的壓力，而低速系統(tǒng)只能產(chǎn)生的

18、壓力，而低速系統(tǒng)只能產(chǎn)生 520 mbar(250 mm水柱水柱)的壓力。的壓力。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy This tendency helps installation as the size of ducts is reduced and prefabricated standard ducts can be used，but it incurs the heavier running costs of more powerful fans. 這種趨勢有利于安裝工作，因?yàn)樗捎玫娘L(fēng)這種趨勢有利于安裝工作，因?yàn)樗捎玫娘L(fēng) 管尺寸減小

19、，預(yù)制的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸風(fēng)管也可使用，管尺寸減小，預(yù)制的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸風(fēng)管也可使用， 但也因大功率鼓風(fēng)機(jī)的運(yùn)行，成本增加。但也因大功率鼓風(fēng)機(jī)的運(yùn)行，成本增加。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Air terminals lined with sound insulation material are necessary to reduce the noise passing into the room with high velocity systems 空氣終端管路帶有必要的隔音材料，空氣終端管路帶有必要的隔音材料， 阻止高速系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的噪聲傳到房間里。阻止

20、高速系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的噪聲傳到房間里。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy In a typical marine pattern self-contained unit，air circulation is usually effected by means of a centrifugal fan, for quiet running, and a direct expansion cooler served by a hermetic compressor. water cooled condensers are used 在典型的單體船用空調(diào)裝置中

21、，空氣的循環(huán)在典型的單體船用空調(diào)裝置中，空氣的循環(huán) 是通過低噪聲的離心式風(fēng)機(jī)和帶有氣密式壓縮是通過低噪聲的離心式風(fēng)機(jī)和帶有氣密式壓縮 機(jī)輔助的直接膨脹式冷卻器來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。空調(diào)系機(jī)輔助的直接膨脹式冷卻器來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。空調(diào)系 統(tǒng)常用水冷式冷凝器。統(tǒng)常用水冷式冷凝器。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy As these contain small water passages, choking develops rapidly with direct sea water circulation and a better method is to circul

22、ate with fresh water，itself cooled in a sea water flesh water heat exchanger 如果用海水環(huán)流冷卻，這些封閉的流道會(huì)很快如果用海水環(huán)流冷卻，這些封閉的流道會(huì)很快 堵塞，較好的辦法是用淡水來循環(huán)冷卻，淡水堵塞，較好的辦法是用淡水來循環(huán)冷卻，淡水 再通過海水或淡水進(jìn)行熱交換。再通過海水或淡水進(jìn)行熱交換。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Control is onoff by a thermostat sensing the temperature of air returni

23、ng to the unit 用一個(gè)感受返回系統(tǒng)空氣溫度的傳感用一個(gè)感受返回系統(tǒng)空氣溫度的傳感 器來控制啟停。器來控制啟停。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy The cooling coil of the central unit may be of the direct expansion， brine or chilled water cooled type. 主要空調(diào)單元的冷卻盤管可能是直接主要空調(diào)單元的冷卻盤管可能是直接 蒸發(fā)式、鹽水式或冷水式。蒸發(fā)式、鹽水式或冷水式。 He xueming China Maritime Police

24、Academy When cooling is by direct expansion, a separate steam heater coil is fitted in the unit for winter heating 當(dāng)采用直接蒸發(fā)式冷卻盤管的情況下，當(dāng)采用直接蒸發(fā)式冷卻盤管的情況下， 還要安裝一套冬天加熱用的獨(dú)立蒸氣加還要安裝一套冬天加熱用的獨(dú)立蒸氣加 熱盤管。熱盤管。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy With brine or water coolers，a central heater is used so that the

25、same coil serves for summer or winter 對海水或淡水冷卻器，使用中央換熱對海水或淡水冷卻器，使用中央換熱 器，這樣同一盤管供冬夏使用。器，這樣同一盤管供冬夏使用。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Thermostatic control is provided sensing air delivery temperature itself, the temperature of the room, or the return air temperature 控制溫度取決于它本身所運(yùn)送的氣體控制溫度取決于它本身

26、所運(yùn)送的氣體 溫度，可以是房間溫度，也可以是回溫度，可以是房間溫度，也可以是回 風(fēng)溫度。風(fēng)溫度。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy All types of thermostats are found in air conditioning systems, direct acting，pneumatic and electrical. 船上空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中有各種類型的溫度調(diào)船上空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中有各種類型的溫度調(diào) 節(jié)裝置，有直接作用型的、氣動(dòng)型的、節(jié)裝置，有直接作用型的、氣動(dòng)型的、 電動(dòng)型的。電動(dòng)型的。 He xueming China Maritime P

27、olice Academy In themselves，they are all satisfactory instruments，but the results they achieve are dependent on the correct sitting of their sensing elements 就它們本身來說，都是讓人滿意的器械，就它們本身來說，都是讓人滿意的器械， 但是它們能達(dá)到的效果依賴于傳感元件但是它們能達(dá)到的效果依賴于傳感元件 的正確安裝。的正確安裝。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Even the site fo

28、r a direct acting thermostat to control one single berth cabin must be chosen with care, if it is masked behind curtains, or too far away from the air inlet control will be too sluggish 即使是控制一單人臥室的直接作用式的恒溫即使是控制一單人臥室的直接作用式的恒溫 器的位置也必須精心選擇，如果它被遮蔽在器的位置也必須精心選擇，如果它被遮蔽在 窗簾后面，或者離空氣進(jìn)口太遠(yuǎn)，控制就會(huì)窗簾后面，或者離空氣進(jìn)口太遠(yuǎn)，控制

29、就會(huì) 不靈敏。不靈敏。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy The correct location for a thermostat to control a block of cabins is more difficult to find 在艙室中，要找到一個(gè)合適的位置安裝在艙室中，要找到一個(gè)合適的位置安裝 溫度調(diào)節(jié)裝置，從而控制整個(gè)艙室的溫溫度調(diào)節(jié)裝置，從而控制整個(gè)艙室的溫 度是一件較為困難的事情。度是一件較為困難的事情。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy One can pick on a

30、“typical” cabin，but if the occupant opens his porthole he can upset the whole block 我們可以選出一個(gè)典型的艙室，但是我們可以選出一個(gè)典型的艙室，但是 如果居住人員打開舷窗，就改變了整如果居住人員打開舷窗，就改變了整 個(gè)艙室的情況。個(gè)艙室的情況。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Another possibility is to site the thermostat in the alleyway of the block of cabin. This posi

31、tion may be affected more by an open door or draught in the alleyway than by the temperature of the cabins 另一種可能性是在艙室的走廊里安裝溫度調(diào)另一種可能性是在艙室的走廊里安裝溫度調(diào) 節(jié)裝置。這個(gè)位置可能會(huì)因門開著或受走廊節(jié)裝置。這個(gè)位置可能會(huì)因門開著或受走廊 通風(fēng)的影響比受艙室溫度的影響更大。通風(fēng)的影響比受艙室溫度的影響更大。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Yet another possibility is to site the

32、thermostat in the recirculation air trunk, carrying air back from the accommodation to the unit 一種可能性是在空氣由住處向供風(fēng)單一種可能性是在空氣由住處向供風(fēng)單 元回風(fēng)的通道上安裝溫度調(diào)節(jié)裝置。元回風(fēng)的通道上安裝溫度調(diào)節(jié)裝置。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy If the recirculation grill is close to an outside door, this position too can be affected by outs

33、ide air temperature when the door is open, rather than by cabin temperature. 如果回風(fēng)格柵靠近開向外面的門，當(dāng)門開如果回風(fēng)格柵靠近開向外面的門，當(dāng)門開 著的時(shí)候，空氣調(diào)節(jié)裝置受外面空氣的溫著的時(shí)候，空氣調(diào)節(jié)裝置受外面空氣的溫 度的影響要大于艙室空氣溫度的影響。度的影響要大于艙室空氣溫度的影響。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy General operation of the air conditioning installation 空調(diào)裝置的一般操作空調(diào)裝置的一般操作

34、 The first essential in operating the air cooling appliances through out the ship is to have all thermostats correctly set and correctly functioning. 操作全船制冷裝置最重要的是溫度調(diào)節(jié)操作全船制冷裝置最重要的是溫度調(diào)節(jié) 裝置的正確安裝和工作良好。裝置的正確安裝和工作良好。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy In extreme weather conditions， either hot or co

35、ld, control of the plant usually presents few difficulties. 在極端天氣條件下，不管是熱還是冷，在極端天氣條件下，不管是熱還是冷， 設(shè)備的控制都不容易。設(shè)備的控制都不容易。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy The capacity of many installations is such that under tropical conditions nearly all control valves move to the fully open position. 在熱帶氣候條件下，大

36、多數(shù)裝置的載在熱帶氣候條件下，大多數(shù)裝置的載 荷使得控制閥接近全開位置。荷使得控制閥接近全開位置。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Although automated control has been lost，internal conditions are by and large acceptable 如果自動(dòng)控制失靈，應(yīng)保證內(nèi)部溫度如果自動(dòng)控制失靈，應(yīng)保證內(nèi)部溫度 條件基本上可以接受。條件基本上可以接受。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Control difficulties aris

37、e in intermediate weather conditions when there is a call for only a small amount of cooling 在溫和氣候條件時(shí)，如果控制一個(gè)小在溫和氣候條件時(shí)，如果控制一個(gè)小 的制冷量就會(huì)變得困難。的制冷量就會(huì)變得困難。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy The worst case is when part of the ship，say inboard cabins against the engine room，require cooling and other p

38、arts，say exposed upper cabins，require warming 最糟糕的情況是，一部分緊靠著機(jī)艙最糟糕的情況是，一部分緊靠著機(jī)艙 的艙室需要制冷，一部分暴露在上面的艙室需要制冷，一部分暴露在上面 的艙室需要加熱。的艙室需要加熱。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy For this intermediate condition, thermostats must be correctly set by trial and error. It is found that a uniform setting of say 2

39、1 throughout the ship is not satisfactory, but slight variations of a few degrees up or down are needed to suit particular regions of the ship. 這種中間情況，就需要溫度調(diào)節(jié)裝置反復(fù)試驗(yàn)正確設(shè)這種中間情況，就需要溫度調(diào)節(jié)裝置反復(fù)試驗(yàn)正確設(shè) 定。全船統(tǒng)一設(shè)定為定。全船統(tǒng)一設(shè)定為21并不令人滿意，但如果有上并不令人滿意，但如果有上 下幾度的微調(diào)就會(huì)滿足船上不同區(qū)域的需要。下幾度的微調(diào)就會(huì)滿足船上不同區(qū)域的需要。 He xueming China Mariti

40、me Police Academy Unfortunately，these variations in thermostat setting are not always the same for the cooling and heating condition and frequent resetting may be needed for a ship repeatedly passing from cold to warm weather. 遺憾的是，溫度調(diào)節(jié)裝置的調(diào)整在制冷和遺憾的是，溫度調(diào)節(jié)裝置的調(diào)整在制冷和 加熱工況時(shí)不完全一樣，頻繁的調(diào)整會(huì)導(dǎo)加熱工況時(shí)不完全一樣，頻繁的調(diào)整會(huì)導(dǎo)

41、 致船舶空調(diào)工況的來回變化。致船舶空調(diào)工況的來回變化。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy The control problem is eased if the chilled brine (or water) of systems using chilled liquid circulation is held at about 13 in the intermediate weather conditions and lowered progressively to about 5 as tropical weather conditions

42、 are approached. 如果在溫和氣候條件下，系統(tǒng)中的冷海水如果在溫和氣候條件下，系統(tǒng)中的冷海水(或或 淡水淡水)始終維持在始終維持在13循環(huán)；如果接近熱帶天循環(huán)；如果接近熱帶天 氣條件，冷海水的溫度逐漸降到氣條件，冷海水的溫度逐漸降到5，那么就，那么就 不會(huì)存在控制方面的問題了。不會(huì)存在控制方面的問題了。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy When air cooling is in use it is good practice to keep all portholes, windows and doors shut. On pa

43、ssenger ships, some public announcement requesting that this be done is worthwhile 當(dāng)空調(diào)使用時(shí)，應(yīng)該關(guān)閉舷窗和門窗。當(dāng)空調(diào)使用時(shí)，應(yīng)該關(guān)閉舷窗和門窗。 在客船上，一些公共場所要求這么做在客船上，一些公共場所要求這么做 是值得的。是值得的。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy A wise precaution for all engineers to take is to go through accommodation and public rooms perio

44、dically recording wet and dry bulb temperatures。 對輪機(jī)員來說，明智的預(yù)防措施是定對輪機(jī)員來說，明智的預(yù)防措施是定 期到一些處所和公共房間查看干濕球期到一些處所和公共房間查看干濕球 溫度。溫度。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Keeping a log of these readings then serves to identify any malfunctioning of the installation as soon as it arises 記錄下干濕球溫度，準(zhǔn)備一旦裝置出記錄下干濕

45、球溫度，準(zhǔn)備一旦裝置出 現(xiàn)故障時(shí)參考。現(xiàn)故障時(shí)參考。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy The quantity of cooled air delivered by all air conditioning unit should balance the sum of the quantity of air recirculated to the unit and the quantity mechanically exhausted 由空調(diào)裝置供給的冷風(fēng)量應(yīng)當(dāng)同回風(fēng)由空調(diào)裝置供給的冷風(fēng)量應(yīng)當(dāng)同回風(fēng) 數(shù)量和機(jī)械排風(fēng)量之和平衡。數(shù)量和機(jī)械排風(fēng)量之

46、和平衡。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy The correct balance between supply and exhaust fans should be checked periodicallyEven with filters fitted ducts can become partially blocked and fan performance can fall off to upset the balance 應(yīng)定期檢查供風(fēng)量和排風(fēng)量的平衡。如果安應(yīng)定期檢查供風(fēng)量和排風(fēng)量的平衡。如果安 裝濾器的管路部分堵塞，風(fēng)機(jī)的性能就會(huì)下

47、裝濾器的管路部分堵塞，風(fēng)機(jī)的性能就會(huì)下 降進(jìn)而破壞風(fēng)量的平衡。降進(jìn)而破壞風(fēng)量的平衡。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy On older ships，temperature maintenance can be made easier by increasing the ratio of recirculated to flesh air 在一些較老的船上，溫度的調(diào)整可以在一些較老的船上，溫度的調(diào)整可以 簡單地通過增加新風(fēng)的循環(huán)比率來實(shí)簡單地通過增加新風(fēng)的循環(huán)比率來實(shí) 現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)。 He xueming China Maritime Police A

48、cademy Most air conditioning units have dampers for adjusting this ratio and the effect of these can be extended after they have reached， full travel by partially blocking flesh air inlets 大多數(shù)空調(diào)單元都有調(diào)整新風(fēng)比率的調(diào)節(jié)大多數(shù)空調(diào)單元都有調(diào)整新風(fēng)比率的調(diào)節(jié) 風(fēng)門，其作用效果可以通過在回風(fēng)門全開風(fēng)門，其作用效果可以通過在回風(fēng)門全開 后部分堵塞新風(fēng)來增強(qiáng)。后部分堵塞新風(fēng)來增強(qiáng)。 He xueming Chi

49、na Maritime Police Academy Care must be taken not to reduce the fresh air so that stuffiness or smells arise 注意不要降低新風(fēng)量，防止不通風(fēng)怪注意不要降低新風(fēng)量，防止不通風(fēng)怪 味出現(xiàn)。味出現(xiàn)。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Cleaning or renewal of filters is necessary at about 3-monthly intervals，the time varying according to locat

50、ion on the ship 應(yīng)該每應(yīng)該每3個(gè)月左右清洗或更換濾器，更個(gè)月左右清洗或更換濾器，更 換或清洗的時(shí)間根據(jù)船的具體情況而換或清洗的時(shí)間根據(jù)船的具體情況而 變化。變化。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Disposable filters can be vacuum- cleaned so that in fact two or three “l(fā)ives” are obtained before they need to be thrown away 一次性濾器可以用吸塵器打掃，這樣一次性濾器可以用吸塵器打掃，這樣 在扔掉之前還可在扔

51、掉之前還可“再生再生”兩三次。兩三次。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy In addition to normal mechanical attention，such as lubrication of bearings，and adjustment of fan belts and cleaning of motors， careful greasing of linkages of automatic controls is necessary 除此之外，還需要注意機(jī)械方面的問題，比除此之外，還需要注意機(jī)械方面的問題，比 如軸承的潤滑、風(fēng)扇

52、皮帶的調(diào)整、馬達(dá)的清如軸承的潤滑、風(fēng)扇皮帶的調(diào)整、馬達(dá)的清 潔、自動(dòng)控制機(jī)構(gòu)鉸鏈處的潤滑等。潔、自動(dòng)控制機(jī)構(gòu)鉸鏈處的潤滑等。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Cooled air ducts should be examined to see that the insulation vapor seal remains in good order. If a plastic film-vapor seal becomes damaged，condensation forms within the film 還應(yīng)該檢查冷空氣管路的絕熱、氣密還應(yīng)該

53、檢查冷空氣管路的絕熱、氣密 情況是否良好。如果氣密塑料薄膜遭情況是否良好。如果氣密塑料薄膜遭 到破壞，在薄膜內(nèi)部就會(huì)凝結(jié)水分，到破壞，在薄膜內(nèi)部就會(huì)凝結(jié)水分， He xueming China Maritime Police Academy As well as making the insulation wet and ineffective, the condensation may become serious enough to cause drips and damp parches on ceilings. 進(jìn)而浸濕絕熱層使之失效，凝水可能會(huì)嚴(yán)重進(jìn)而浸濕絕熱層使之失效，凝水可能會(huì)嚴(yán)

54、重 到從天棚上滴下來或者浸濕天棚。到從天棚上滴下來或者浸濕天棚。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Ventilation 通風(fēng)通風(fēng) Ventilation is the provision of a supply of fresh untreated air through a spaceNatural ventilation occurs when changes in temperature or air density cause circulation in the space 通風(fēng)是向空間里供應(yīng)大量的未經(jīng)處理的新通風(fēng)是向空間里供應(yīng)大量

55、的未經(jīng)處理的新 鮮空氣。當(dāng)一個(gè)空間里的溫度或空氣密度鮮空氣。當(dāng)一個(gè)空間里的溫度或空氣密度 發(fā)生變化時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生自然通風(fēng)。發(fā)生變化時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生自然通風(fēng)。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Mechanical or forced ventilation uses fans for a positive movement of large quantities of air (Fig.18-2) 機(jī)械或強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)是用風(fēng)扇帶動(dòng)大量的機(jī)械或強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)是用風(fēng)扇帶動(dòng)大量的 空氣運(yùn)動(dòng)空氣運(yùn)動(dòng)(圖圖18-2)。 He xueming China Maritime Police Academy Fig18-2 Machinery space ventilation He xueming China Mar