虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的含蓄條件句常見用法總結(jié)

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的含蓄條件句常見用法先看一道高考題： more attention the trees could have grown better A Given B To give C Giving D Having given(答案是A )句中the trees could have grown better*是一個(gè)表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。題中要求選擇的是如 何表達(dá)假設(shè)條件的形式 如果我們把這個(gè)句子用另一種形式 Hlf they had been given more attentio n ，the trees could have grown better ” 來(lái)表示，就不難理解了。很多情況下

2、，在表示假設(shè)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件并不以條件從句的形式表達(dá)，而是通過(guò)上下 文或句中內(nèi)在的邏輯矢系，或用其它形式表達(dá)出來(lái)，我們稱之為”含蓄條件句”。含蓄條件句主要通過(guò)名詞、連接詞、不定 式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)及分句來(lái)暗示。這些表達(dá)形式在句中實(shí)際起著虛擬條件從句的作用?，F(xiàn)分述如下：一、介 詞短語(yǔ)常用來(lái)表示虛擬條件的介詞有with，without，in，under，but for等等，它們表示的虛擬條件都可以被if從句替 換。(1 ) without withwithout表示否定的條件，童為if - not ; with與without意義相反，表示肯定的條件。如：Without a

3、ir , there would be no living things .(without air = if there were no air)沒(méi)有空 氣 便沒(méi)有生物。With her help(= If I had her help)， I would do the experiment well 假如有她幫助，我就 可以把這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)做好。(2 ) underUnder the leadershipof a less experiencedperson，the experiment would have failed ( under = If there had been the lead

4、ership of a less experiencedperson )假設(shè)在一個(gè)缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)準(zhǔn)會(huì)失敗。(3 ) inI would have lost my head in that position ( in that position = if I had been in that po sition )我處在那種情況下,是會(huì) 喪失理智的。(4)but forBut for their help(= If it were not for their help), we could not get over the difficultie s 要不是他們的幫助我們 是克

5、服不了這些困難的。二連接詞or，otherwise but but that等等Pm really busy，otherwise(= if Iwerentso busy)， Iwouldcertainlygo with you 我確實(shí)太忙了。不然的話，我一定和你一塊去。But that I saw it(=If I had notseen it)，I could nothavebelievedIt 要個(gè)是親眼看見的話，我是不會(huì)相信的。三、分詞短語(yǔ)United(= If theyhad been united)，theywould nt havebee ndefeated他們要是團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，就不會(huì)

6、被打敗0Seen from a highmountain(=If it wereseen from ahigh mountain)，the field in which wheat is growing would look like a great green sea 倘若從高ill上看 / 麥田就像一片碧綠的 大海。四、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)It would be only partly right to answer in this way -(= if we answered in this way)如 果這樣回答，只對(duì)一部分。To hear him speak English(= If on

7、e were to hear him speak English)，one would think him an Englishman 要是聽他講起英語(yǔ)來(lái)，人們會(huì)認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)英國(guó)人。五、形容詞或其比較級(jí)的形式A less difficult problem would have already been solved (= If the problem had been Iess difficult，it would have already been solved)要是問(wèn)題不那么難的話，它早就被解決了。An honest man would not do such a thing (= If

8、 he were an honest man，he would not do such a thing )誠(chéng)實(shí)的人是不會(huì)做這種事的。六、名詞An honest ma n would no t say this -(= If the ma n were honest，he would nt say this )一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人，就不會(huì)說(shuō)這種話。Who but a fool(= If one were a fool，one)would believe his words 除了傻瓜 / 誰(shuí)會(huì)相信他的話！七、”名詞+ and”的結(jié)構(gòu)One step further and you would be dead .(二 If you took one step further 9 you would be dead )再往前走步，你 就會(huì)死。八、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或由With引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)All things con sidered(= If all things were con sidered ) , the price would be reas on able 女口 果全面考慮起來(lái)，f介格口J能是合理的。it would be de