新初三暑假語(yǔ)法講義——第四講 形容詞 副詞

1、第四講 形容詞 副詞中考要求內(nèi)容基本要求略高要求較高要求形容詞一、掌握形容詞在句子中的作用及位置；二、形容詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成和常用句型；三、同義，近義，易混形容詞的辨析及用法。一、形容詞比較級(jí)的修飾詞二、用比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)倍數(shù)表達(dá)法副詞一、副詞的基本功能及其在句子中的位置；二、副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成和用法；三、幾組易混的副詞。副詞的用法的深刻理解語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)形容詞清單一、形容詞的基本用法形容詞是用來(lái)修飾、說(shuō)明名詞或不定代詞，表示人或物的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。一般放在它所修飾的名詞前作定語(yǔ)，也可獨(dú)立作表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。1.用作定語(yǔ)li mei is a beautiful city girl. 李梅是一個(gè)漂

2、亮的城市女孩. （beautiful形容詞作定語(yǔ)，city名詞作定語(yǔ)）the new student comes from japan. 那個(gè)新學(xué)生來(lái)自日本.2.用作表語(yǔ)my fathers car is very expensive. 我父親的轎車很貴.the english story sounds very interesting. 那個(gè)英文故事很有趣.3.用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)dont keep the door open. 別讓門一直開著.his success made him happy. 他的成功讓他感到幸福.we finally found the dictionary very u

3、seful. 我們最后發(fā)現(xiàn)詞典很有用.真題回放73. 課間時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該保持門窗敞開。（2010年?yáng)|城一模）we should _ during the break time. 74. 讀書不僅能幫助我們獲取知識(shí)而且能使我們聰明。（2010年朝陽(yáng)一模） reading books _. 清單二、形容詞的位置1. 作定語(yǔ)，一般放在所修飾詞的前面。例如：its a cold and windy day.2. 作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞的后面。例如，he looks happy today.3. 形容詞修飾something，anything，nothing，everything 等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，須放在其后

4、。例如：would you like something hot to drink？真題回放where would you like to go?（2010年宣武一模）warm places! you know, i dont like to go _.a. cold somewhere b. cold anywhere c. somewhere cold d. anywhere cold4. 表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞，應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)的名詞之后。例如：how long is the river？ its about two hundred meters long.5. 只能作表語(yǔ)的形容詞：

5、afraid 害怕；alone 獨(dú)自的；asleep 睡著的；awake 醒著的；alive活著的；well 健康的；ill 病的；frightened 害怕的。例如：the man is ill.（正）the ill man is my uncle.（誤）6. 只能作定語(yǔ)的形容詞：little 小的；only 唯一的；wooden 木質(zhì)的；woolen 羊毛質(zhì)的；elder 年長(zhǎng)的例如：my elder brother is in beijing.（正）my brother is elder. （誤）7. 貌似副詞的形容詞：lonely 獨(dú)自的；friendly 友好的；lively 生動(dòng)的

6、；lovely 可愛的8. 復(fù)合形容詞：snow-white 雪白的；english-speaking 說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的；glass-topped 玻璃罩的；full-time 全日制的；well-known 眾所周知的；kind-hearted 善良的；man-made 人造的；take-away 可以帶走的；ten-year-old 十歲的。9. 兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí)的排列順序：限定詞一般描繪性形容詞表示大小,長(zhǎng)短,高低的形容詞表示形狀的形容詞表示年齡,新舊的形容詞表示色彩的形容詞表示國(guó)籍,地區(qū),出處的形容詞表示物質(zhì),材料的形容詞表示用途,類別的形容詞名詞中心詞。例如： an exci

7、ting international football match 一場(chǎng)令人激動(dòng)的國(guó)際足球賽a new red sports shirt 一件新的紅色運(yùn)動(dòng)衫a light black plastic umbrella 一把輕的黑塑料傘a small old brown wooden house 一座小的舊的棕色的木頭房子巧記形容詞的排列順序不少學(xué)生對(duì)如何排列形容詞的順序頗感困惑.在此,我們向同學(xué)們介紹一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的記憶方法.即請(qǐng)你記住限觀形齡色國(guó)材這幾個(gè)字,這似乎有點(diǎn)不大好記,那就請(qǐng)你記住縣官行令謝國(guó)材吧.其含義分別是:縣(限)代表限定詞,包括冠詞,指示代詞,形容詞性物主代詞,名詞所有格,數(shù)詞等.

8、官(觀)代表表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞,如:fine,beautiful,interesting 等.行(形)代表表示大小,長(zhǎng)短,高低及形狀的形容詞,如:small,tall,high,little,round 等.令(齡)代表表示年齡,新舊的形容詞,如:old,young 等.謝(色的近似音)代表表示顏色的形容詞,如:white,black,yellow 等.國(guó)代表表示國(guó)籍,地區(qū),出處的形容詞(名詞),如:english,american,mountain 等.材則代表形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞,如:stone,wooden,silk,plastic 等.多個(gè)形容詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),就按上述順

9、序排列,然后加上中心名詞.例如:a fine old stone bridge 一座古老漂亮的石橋two big round new chinese wooden tables 兩張新的中國(guó)式的木制大圓桌his large new black foreign car 他那輛新的大型黑色外國(guó)轎車副詞清單一、副詞的分類(1)時(shí)間副詞表示大體時(shí)間：now，then，yesterday，today，tonight，before，just now，recently，so far表示頻率：always，usually，often，sometimesseldom，never其它作用：already，yet，

10、late，early，soon，at once，immediately，at first，at last，finally(2)地點(diǎn)副詞表地點(diǎn)：here，there，home，abroad，upstairs，downstairs，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere，somewhere注：此處學(xué)生易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)-go to there; go to home; on the way to home. 表位置關(guān)系(后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用作介詞)：above，below，round，around，down，up，in，out，inside，outside，across，back，along，ove

11、r，away，near，off, past(3)方式副詞表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“怎樣地”，(此類副詞大部分由形容詞加ly 構(gòu)成)：badly，bravely，gratefully，calmly，carefully，carelessly，nervously，proudly，patiently，politely，sadly，properly，rapidly，wrongly，suddenly(4)程度副詞多數(shù)用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞：much，(a)little，a bit，very，so，too，enough，quite, rather，completely，terribly，deeply，nearly，alm

12、ost，hardly(5)疑問(wèn)副詞構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句：how，when, where，why(6)連接副詞連接主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)從句：how，when，where，why(7)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：when，where，why(8)其它性質(zhì)的副詞對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開：frankly(坦率地說(shuō)，說(shuō)真的)，generally(一般說(shuō)來(lái))，luckily(幸運(yùn)地是)，first of all(首先)等。清單二、副詞的主要句法功能1. 用作狀語(yǔ)。如：he speaks english very well. 他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好。i often get up at six in the morn

13、ing. 我經(jīng)常是在早晨6 點(diǎn)鐘起床。he went home yesterday. / yesterday he went home. 他昨天回家了。2. 用作表語(yǔ)。如：ill be back in five minutes. 我五分鐘就回來(lái)。i must be off now. 我現(xiàn)在得走了。is the radio on or off? 收音機(jī)是開著的還是關(guān)著的？在一般情況下，作表語(yǔ)時(shí)不用副詞而用形容詞：誤：he looks very angrily.正：he looks very angry. 他看上去很生氣。誤：mr. smith is very carefully.正：mr. sm

14、ith is very careful. 史密斯先生很仔細(xì)。英語(yǔ)中可用作表語(yǔ)的副詞主要是表地點(diǎn)的副詞以及某些與介詞同形的副詞，常見的有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, back, in, home, ahead, upstairs, downstairs, off, through, on, over 等。而且這些副詞只能用于連系動(dòng)詞be 后作表語(yǔ)，而不用于其他連系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)，如：誤：he seems here. / he seems away.正：he is here. / he is away.清單三、副詞的位置1. 一般副詞的位置在許多情況下，副

15、詞都放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞后面或句末。如：the girl dances very well. 這個(gè)女孩跳舞跳得好。we must work hard. 我們必須努力工作。he does his work very carefully. 他做工作非常仔細(xì)。i want to see the film very much. 我很想看這部電影。有時(shí)也放在主語(yǔ)后面，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面(對(duì)動(dòng)作加以強(qiáng)調(diào))。如：he angrily closed the door. 他生氣地把門關(guān)上了。置于句中的副詞，若碰上助動(dòng)詞，則通常放在助動(dòng)詞之后、主要?jiǎng)釉~之前：he has just left for work. 他剛剛離開去

16、上班。we have already read the book. 我們都已讀過(guò)這本書。2. 頻度副詞在句中的位置頻度副詞表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)，常見的有ever, never, seldom, sometimes, often, always 等，它們通常位于實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。如：he never reads such books. 他從不看那樣的書。he often comes to school late. / he is often late for school. 他上學(xué)常遲到。頻度副詞always 和never 通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句：always r

17、emember this. 請(qǐng)時(shí)刻記住這一點(diǎn)。never tell him the news. 千萬(wàn)不要告訴他這消息。3.程度副詞有以下兩種情況a.修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它在句中的位置與頻度副詞的情況相似。如：he is almost forty years old.(在be 動(dòng)詞之后)他快四十歲了。he can hardly understand you.(在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后)他幾乎聽不懂你的話。i really like the boy.(在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前)我相當(dāng)喜歡這個(gè)男孩子。注意：如果句末同時(shí)有幾個(gè)副詞，其基本順序：方式副詞+地點(diǎn)副詞+時(shí)間副詞。b.修飾形容詞副詞時(shí)，放在它所修飾詞的前面。he stu

18、dies much harder now.現(xiàn)在他學(xué)習(xí)努力多了。he runs fast enough.他跑的夠快的。注意：enough 的用法考點(diǎn)： enough的用法：修飾名詞 enough放前，后均可，通常放前：比如 enough money ,enough time修飾形容詞副詞，enough放后面：比如：good enough happy enough形容詞副詞的級(jí)清單一、形容詞變副詞的規(guī)律1. 通常情況下在詞尾加ly： carefulcarefully slowslowly2. 如果以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的（除ly外），去y加ily： heavyheavily 3. 如果以e結(jié)尾的（除l

19、e外），去e加ly： truetruly4. 以le結(jié)尾的詞去e加y：terribleterribly5. 形容詞，副詞形式相同的： hard，fast，early，late等不規(guī)則的變化：goodwell清單二、形容詞&副詞級(jí)的變化規(guī)律形容詞&副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1. 形容詞&副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的詞形變化規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞詞尾加-er和-est。這類詞多數(shù)是由長(zhǎng)元音和雙元音構(gòu)成或以兩個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞clean long cold nearhard fastcleaner longer colder nearerharder fastercleanest longest

20、coldest nearesthardest fastest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞先雙寫輔音字母，再加-er 和-estbig hot red sadthin wetbigger hotter redder sadderthinner wetterbiggest hottest reddest saddestthinnest wettest以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和以-le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只需要加-r和-stbrave finelarge lateable noblebraver finerlarger laterabler noblerbravest finestlargest

21、latestablest noblest以-y結(jié)尾的詞，-y前是元音時(shí)，直接加-er和-est；-y前是輔音時(shí)，變-y為-i再加-er和-estbusy cloudyearly easy happy healthybusier cloudierearlier easier happier healthierbusiest cloudiestearliest easiest happiest healthiest以-er和-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞通常加-er和-est。但是eager, power加more和 mostclevernarrow bittermore clevermore narrow

22、 more bittermost clevermost narrow most bitter分詞詞尾-ing和-ed構(gòu)成的雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和mostcareful excitedbeautifulmore careful more excitedmore beautifulmost careful most excitedmost beautiful雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在前加more 和mostlearnedtiringmore learnedmore tiringmost learnedmost tiring只能做表語(yǔ)的雙音節(jié)詞加more 和mostafraid alone alivem

23、ore afraid more alone more alivemost afraid most alone most alive注：（1）有一些雙音節(jié)可以加-er, -est，也可以加more, most。常見的這類詞有：common, funny, handsome, pleasant, quiet, stupid 等。（2）在以下情況下，形容詞加more, most, 而不加-er, -est:由“形容詞+ly”構(gòu)成的副詞，加more, most 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。fairly, highly, loudly, quickly, rightly, slowly, widely 但是：e

24、arlyearlierearliest 不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good betterbestwell（健康的，身體好的）manymore most much ill worse worst bad badlylittle less least far farther farthest furtherfurthest old older oldest elder eldest 易混點(diǎn)清單幾組詞的辨析1.farther 和further在談?wù)摰攸c(diǎn)，方向和距離時(shí)，兩者可互換。但further 還有“進(jìn)一步，更多，稍后，額外”之意，這里不能用farther代替。there is a gas sta

25、tion a few miles farther down the road. 沿這條路走幾英里有一個(gè)加油站。.we must get further information.我們必須獲得更多的信息。2.older 和elderolder 常用于比較的句型，表示“較老的，較舊的，年紀(jì)較大的”。elder 只用于比較一家人的年齡長(zhǎng)幼，意為“年長(zhǎng)的”還可以指“資格老的”都作定語(yǔ)。you bike is older than mine.he is older than you.he is my elder brother.he is an elder teacher.3.good,well,fine

26、 和nicegood 是形容詞，用作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，表示電影書籍等的內(nèi)容好，表示人品好，善良等。well 兼做形容詞和副詞，作形容詞時(shí)只作表語(yǔ)，表示身體健康。this is a good book.-how are you ? 你（身體）好嗎？-i am very well./fine,thank you.我（身體）很好，謝謝。fine 通常指天氣好，氣質(zhì)好，發(fā)育好等。 如：it is a fine day.nice 往往指“令人喜悅的，討人喜歡的”人味道，言語(yǔ),天氣等。如：nice to meet you!真題回放 mom, you are a wonderful cook. the food

27、tastes really _.(2010年西城二模) you have a sweet voice, dear. a. good b. well c. bad d. badly清單三、形容詞，副詞原級(jí)，比較級(jí)，最高級(jí)的用法和句型（一）形容詞&副詞的原級(jí)的用法形容詞副詞的原級(jí)常用于asas及not as(so)as兩種句型中.1.句型asas,表示兩者相比較,程度相同.例如:the old man walks as fast as a young man. 這位老人走路與年輕人一樣快.science is as important as maths. 自然科學(xué)與數(shù)學(xué)一樣重要.this coat

28、 is as expensive as that one. 這件上衣與那件一樣貴.2.句型not as(so)as,表示兩者相比較,前者不如后者.例如:im not as tall as jack. 我沒(méi)有杰克高.she doesnt run so fast as i. 她沒(méi)有我跑得快.this warship is not so big as that one. 這艘軍艦沒(méi)有那艘大.同級(jí)比較歌訣：同級(jí)比較用原級(jí),asas 不分離; 若是否定加not, asas 否前者.真題回放28.i think lily can sing this song as _ as lucy. yes, you

29、are right.（2010年門頭溝一模）a. goodb. wellc. betterd. best3. 需要注意的形容詞&副詞的原級(jí)用法:數(shù)詞+times+as+形容詞&副詞原級(jí)+as(是的幾倍).例如:this tree is twice as short as that one. 這棵樹比那棵樹矮一倍.my scores are three times as many as yours. 我的分?jǐn)?shù)是你的三倍.this road is four times as wide as that one. 這條馬路的寬度是那條的四倍.kelly runs two times as fast a

30、s you. 凱莉跑步比你快一倍。asas結(jié)構(gòu)中,若形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),不定冠詞a(an)應(yīng)置于形容詞與名詞之間.例如:english is as important a subject as maths. 英語(yǔ)是和數(shù)學(xué)同樣重要的一門學(xué)科.uncle wang is as good a man as my father. 王叔叔是與我父親同樣好的一個(gè)人.this is as famous a school as ours. 這是一所與我們學(xué)校同樣著名的學(xué)校.asas結(jié)構(gòu)表示盡可能. 句型: .as + 形容詞&副詞原級(jí) + as possible/one can. we should

31、 get up as early as possible/we can.4. 形容詞加上定冠詞的用法:某些形容詞加上定冠詞the可以泛指一類人或物，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。例如：the poor are losing hope. 窮人行將失去希望。（二） 形容詞&副詞比較級(jí)的用法1表示兩者之間比較時(shí),用形容詞&副詞比較級(jí)+than或lessthan兩種句型。例如: your mother looks healthier than before. 你媽媽看上去比以前健康了.im

32、 less interested in basketball than you. 我沒(méi)有你對(duì)籃球感興趣.真題回放26.the air in mountain areas is _ than that in big cities.（2010年?yáng)|城一模） a. freshb. fresherc. freshestd. the freshest2形容詞&副詞的比較級(jí)還可以用于以下句型中.1)more and more 越來(lái)越.例如: the park is getting more and more beautiful. 這個(gè)公園變得越來(lái)越美了.china had become stronger a

33、nd stronger. 中國(guó)已變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大了.2)the+比較級(jí)the+比較級(jí) 越就越.例如: the more books we read, the cleverer we will become. 我們讀的書越多,就會(huì)變得越聰明.the harder you study, the better your english will be. 你越用功學(xué)習(xí)，英語(yǔ)越好。the sooner, the better. 越早越好.the more exercise we take, the healthier we are. 我們?cè)藉憻?身體就越健康.真題回放30.the more you lea

34、rn, the _ it will be for you to get a job. （2010年宣武一模）a. easy b. easier c. more easily d. easiest3)which is the + 形容詞比較級(jí), a or b? 用于兩者間較的一個(gè)。例如：which is the more beautiful, kelly or maggie? 凱莉和麥琪誰(shuí)更漂亮？真題回放24.which coat is _, the yellow one or the green one?（2010年通州一模）a. cheap b. cheaper c. cheapest d.

35、 the cheapest4)the +比較級(jí)+of the two兩者中較 的一個(gè)例如： he is the taller of the two.5) 隱含比較。經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)parents這個(gè)詞。例如：my father is stronger of my parents.6) 否定加比較表示最高級(jí)用于否定最不過(guò)his work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不過(guò)了。（三）形容詞&副詞最高級(jí)的用法1三者或三者以上相比較,用the+最高級(jí)+名詞+范圍結(jié)構(gòu).例如:this is the cleanest place of the city. 這是這個(gè)城市最干凈的地方.hu yun

36、 runs fastest of all the girls in our class. 胡云是我們班女生中跑得最快的.注：of 與 in 區(qū)別：of 后加同類范圍，in后加不同類范圍。2表示最之一,用one of the+形容詞&副詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.例如:the great wall of china is one of the greatest buildings in the world.中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)城是世界上最偉大的建筑之一.this is one of the most interesting books that ive ever read. 這是我讀過(guò)的最有趣的書之一.真題回放28

37、. beijing is one of _ cities in the world.（2010年崇文一模）athe biggestb. biggerc. much biggerdbig3which/who is the + 形容詞最高級(jí), a , b or c? 用于三者間最的一個(gè)。例如： who is the tallest, mary, tom or jack?重難點(diǎn)解析難點(diǎn)一、句型辨析1.“its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）怎么樣”。注意：這一句型中常用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞，如good（ 好的），kind（友善的），nice（友好的），polite（

38、有禮貌的），clever（聰明的），foolish（愚蠢的），lazy（懶惰的），careful（細(xì)心的），careless（粗心的），right（正確的），wrong（錯(cuò)誤的）等。例如，its very kind of you to help me.（=you are very kind to help me.）你能幫助我，真好。its very rude of her to say such words.（=she is very rude to say such words.）她說(shuō)這樣的話，真粗魯。its foolish of him to go alone.（=he is foolis

39、h to go alone.）他單獨(dú)出去太傻了。2. “its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)怎么樣”。注意：這一句型中常用的形容詞有important（重要的），necessary（必要的），difficult（困難的），easy（容易的），hard（艱難的），dangerous（危險(xiǎn)的），safe（安全的），useful（有益的），pleasant（舒適的），interesting（ 有趣的），impossible（不可能的）等。例如，its not easy for them to learn a foreign language. （=to learn a f

40、oreign language is not easy for them.）對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)不容易。its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=to listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)上課認(rèn)真聽老師講課是非常重要的。its necessary for us to get to school on time.（=to get to school on time is necessary for us.）

41、對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)按時(shí)到校是非常必要的。注：of sb 與 for sb 區(qū)別：its + adj.+ of+ sb + to do sth 句型可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“sb + be + adj.+ to do sth”; 而for sb 句型則不可以。真題回放66. 對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)算出這道數(shù)學(xué)題很難。（2009年崇文一模）_for me to work out the maths problem.難點(diǎn)二、比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語(yǔ)1用于原級(jí)之前：too, just, quite, so, very, rather, fairly, etc.john is almost as tall as you.the river i

42、s three times as long as that one.we have a third as many students as we had last term.2用于比較級(jí)前: a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, etc.its cold this year, but its even colder last year.we produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.真題回放25. jim jumped much _ th

43、an john. （2010年崇文一模） yes. he got the first in the sports meet.a. high b.higher c. highest d. the highest32. how do you like english, mary? （2010年朝陽(yáng)一模）i think its a little _ than math.a. easyb. easierc. easiestd. the easiest3用于最高級(jí)前: the first/second（序數(shù)詞）this hat is by far the largest in the world.gol

44、d is the very most valuable of all materials.難點(diǎn)三、as many / few + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ as或 as much / little + 不可數(shù)名詞+ as 結(jié)構(gòu)。前者描述數(shù)目上的接近；后者描述量的相近。如： you may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少書就借多少。drink as much water as you can, the doctor said to him. 醫(yī)生對(duì)他說(shuō)：你要盡可能地多喝些水。真題回放25. at 2010 winter olympics, china won a

45、s _ gold medals as sweden. （2010年西城一模）a. moreb. most c. muchd. many難點(diǎn)四、主語(yǔ)+ 比較級(jí)+ than any other +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或主語(yǔ)+ 比較級(jí)+than the other 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的結(jié)構(gòu)表示：主語(yǔ)所描述的事物比其它（任何一個(gè)）都.。用比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)含義。如： shanghai is larger than any other city in china.上海是中國(guó)最大的城市。li ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class. 李明

46、是他們班中最聰明的學(xué)生。諸如not , never 之類的否定詞與形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)連用，表示最高級(jí)含義。意為再?zèng)]有比.更.。如： it is not a better idea. 這是一個(gè)再好不過(guò)的辦法。i have never heard such an interesting story. 我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽過(guò)比這更有趣的故事。難點(diǎn)五、would rather . than, prefer . to ., prefer to do . rather than . ，這三個(gè)句型表示寧愿.而不.; 喜歡.勝過(guò). ; 寧愿做.而不愿做.含義。雖無(wú)比較級(jí)形式，但表示比較級(jí)含義。如： she woul

47、d rather die than give in. 她寧死不屈。i prefer playing basketball to going to the cinema. 我寧愿打籃球也不愿去看電影。he preferred to go out rather than stay home. 他寧愿出去也不愿呆在家里。難點(diǎn)六、四朵金花，八大好人：how long，how soon , how often , how far, how old, how many times, how much, how many區(qū)別1. how long 表示“時(shí)間多久或物體多長(zhǎng)”, 表示時(shí)間側(cè)重指“一段時(shí)間”.針

48、對(duì)“how long” 的回答一般是時(shí)間段,如: “for three days”, “three years”e.g. “how long were you away last year?” “about two weeks”2. how often 表示“多少時(shí)間一次或每隔多久”,是就做某事的頻率提問(wèn)。針對(duì)“how often”的回答一般是“twice a year”, “three times a week”.e.g. “how often do you watch tv?”“tree times a week.”3. how soon 表示“多久之后”，側(cè)重某人某事能多快時(shí)間完成。 h

49、ow soon 的回答一般為：“ in + 時(shí)間段” e.g. “in two days” “in five years”e.g. “how soon will you be ready?”“ill be ready in five minutes”4how far 表示“多遠(yuǎn)” how far is it?真題回放1. do you know _ our teacher will be back?（2010年平谷一模） im not sure. maybe in ten minutes. a. how far b. how often c. how soon d. how long 2. _

50、 have you been here?（2010年房山一模）for more than three days. a. how far b. how long c. how much d. how often難點(diǎn)七、形容詞，副詞幾組容易混淆的詞及詞組1、much too 與too much區(qū)別much too 后加形容詞。too much 后加不可數(shù)名詞。例如：much too noisy too much noise2、too, also, either, as well區(qū)別also 用在主語(yǔ)之后，too 和either 用在名子末尾。also 和too 都用在肯定句中，either 用在否

51、定名中。as well 句末肯定句。 例：i also have a pen.i have a pen too.i dont have a pen either.3、already 與yet區(qū)別already 與yet 都可解作已經(jīng)。already 主要用于肯定的陳述句中,通常與動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)或進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。例如: our visitors have come already.來(lái)賓已到。when she hurried into her classroom, mr. black was already beginning his lesson. 她匆匆走進(jìn)教室時(shí),布來(lái)克先生已經(jīng)開始上課了。有時(shí)也可

52、以和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)連用,但其動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的。例如: it is already six.已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)了。yet 通常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,多用于疑問(wèn)句中。例如: has she decided yet? 她已經(jīng)決定了嗎? is breakfast ready yet? 早飯準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?4gone, lost, missing的區(qū)別：gone表示“丟了,沒(méi)了”,含一去不復(fù)返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ),不可以作定語(yǔ)；lost表示“丟失”,含難以找回的意思,可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)；missing表示“失蹤了,不見了”,強(qiáng)調(diào)某人物不在原處,可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)。例如：my feve

53、r(高燒) is gone, but i still have a cough.(發(fā)燒消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) the parents found the lost child at last.(家長(zhǎng)終于找到了迷路的孩子) my dictionary is missing. whos taken it away?(我的字典不見了,誰(shuí)拿走了？) for more detailed information(詳情) of the missing girls, please visit our website(網(wǎng)址).(如果想知道失蹤女孩們的詳情,請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)我們的網(wǎng)站) 5 living、alive、liv

54、e、lively的區(qū)別：四個(gè)詞都來(lái)源于動(dòng)詞live“生活、居住”。living讀 ：“活著的、現(xiàn)存的”,作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)； live讀laiv,指東西“活的”,可以替換為living；其二就是：現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的alive讀laiv作表語(yǔ),指人“活著的”,如果作定語(yǔ),則放在名詞的后面；lively讀laivli有三個(gè)意思：有生氣的、活潑的、快活的,生動(dòng)的、真實(shí)的。例如：a living language should be learned orally(口頭上).(活的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該從口頭上學(xué))(被動(dòng)句) we have a living hope that you will succeed.(我們強(qiáng)烈地希望你能成功) is she still alive? (她還活著嗎？) they are the happiest children alive. (他們是活著的最開心的孩子) this is a li