基于STC15F2K60S單片機的光控?zé)粼O(shè)計1

1、基于stc15f2k60s單片機的光控?zé)粼O(shè)計摘要：本設(shè)計為遙控調(diào)光控制系統(tǒng)，主要由觸摸感應(yīng)模塊、無線發(fā)射與接收模塊、顯示模塊、調(diào)光電路模塊和主控模塊構(gòu)成，通過感應(yīng)觸摸屏輸入控制信號經(jīng)無線收發(fā)模塊將信號送至主控器處理，主控器接到信號后控制調(diào)光電路實現(xiàn)對白熾燈的光強度控制，同時并用12864液晶屏顯示。本設(shè)計感應(yīng)靈敏，發(fā)射距離長，調(diào)光連續(xù)，電路結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，成本低，操作方便。關(guān)鍵詞:遙控 感應(yīng) 信號收發(fā) 調(diào)光一、整體系統(tǒng)電路分析遙控技術(shù)廣泛應(yīng)用到通信系統(tǒng)和其他電子系統(tǒng)中。如電視跳臺、空調(diào)調(diào)溫，若發(fā)收距離長時，還可以進行遠程控制。系統(tǒng)是基于stc15f2k60s單片機的無線遙控?zé)艄饪刂葡到y(tǒng)，通過感應(yīng)觸摸

2、屏輸入控制信號經(jīng)無線收發(fā)模塊將信號送至主控器處理，主控器接到信號后控制調(diào)光電路實現(xiàn)對白熾燈的強度控制。題目要求遙控傳輸距離大于7米，實現(xiàn)觸屏感應(yīng)按鍵對白熾燈進行光暗控制?；谝陨弦螅盘杺鬏斘覀兪褂脽o線傳輸模塊，觸摸按鍵使用電容型按鍵，調(diào)光控制電路使用光耦和雙向晶閘管進行調(diào)光，并實時顯示光照強度。根據(jù)要求,總體電路可由五個模塊構(gòu)成:1.感應(yīng)觸摸鍵盤模塊； 2.無線收發(fā)模塊； 3.主控cpu模塊； 4.12864液晶顯示模塊； 5.調(diào)光電路模塊。系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計框圖如下圖1所示：圖1 遙控調(diào)光系統(tǒng)框圖二、系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計與論證2.1主控器選擇方案一：主控部分采用stc89c51單片機，stc89c51是

3、一種低功耗、高性能cmos8位微控制器，具有 8k 在系統(tǒng)可編程flash 存儲器。該單片機使用方便，控制簡單，單片機算術(shù)運算功能強，軟件編程靈活、自由度大，可用軟件編程實現(xiàn)各種算法和邏輯控制。由于其功耗低、體積小、技術(shù)成熟和成本低等優(yōu)點，各個領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用廣泛。并且，由于芯片引腳少，在硬件很容易實現(xiàn)。但考慮到對負載連續(xù)控制，就要求單片機要產(chǎn)生占空比連續(xù)可調(diào)的方波，程序較復(fù)雜。方案二：主控部分采用stc15f2k60s單片機，stc15f2k60s是一種新型的低功耗、高性能cmos8位微控制器，具有 61k 在系統(tǒng)可編程flash 存儲器。該單片機使用方便，控制簡單，單片機算術(shù)運算功能強，軟件編程靈

4、活、自由度大，可用軟件編程實現(xiàn)各種算法和邏輯控制。由于其功耗低、體積小、功能齊全和成本低等優(yōu)點。基于以上比較我們選擇方案二滿足題目要求。2.2感應(yīng)觸摸按鍵選擇方案一：采用觸摸屏實現(xiàn)觸摸遙控功能，這種觸摸屏是電阻式的，電阻式觸摸屏是一種傳感器，它將矩形區(qū)域中觸摸點（x,y）的物理位置轉(zhuǎn)化為代表x坐標(biāo)和y坐標(biāo)的電壓來判斷按鍵的位置。這種方案也可以實現(xiàn)，但是不符合題意。方案二：采用市場上的全觸電容屏，這種電容式觸摸感應(yīng)按鍵的基本原理是當(dāng)人體（手指）接觸金屬感應(yīng)片的時候，由于人體相當(dāng)于一個接大地的電容，因此會在感應(yīng)片和大地之間形成一個電容，感應(yīng)電容量通常有幾pf到幾十pf。利用這個最基本的原理，在外部

5、搭建相關(guān)電路，就可以根據(jù)這個電容量的變化，檢測是否有人體接觸金屬感應(yīng)片。電容式觸摸按鍵比電阻式的更加靈敏，所以選擇方案二。 圖2 按鍵示意圖2.3無線收發(fā)模塊選擇方案一：我們可以選擇nrf2401無線發(fā)射模塊，nrf2401是單片射頻收發(fā)芯片，芯片內(nèi)置頻率合成器功率放大器，晶體振蕩器和調(diào)制器等模塊，芯片功耗非常低，但是成本比較高，發(fā)射信號過程容易受到干擾。方案二：選擇紅外線編碼發(fā)射信號，在接收端通過解碼芯片解碼后給單片機處理，發(fā)射速度nrf2401快，我們選擇紅外發(fā)射模塊。2.4調(diào)光電路選擇方案一：選用固態(tài)繼電器的開關(guān)來控制交流電，固態(tài)繼電器原理跟繼電器比較相似，但是固態(tài)繼電器的頻率可以達到1

6、20hz，這樣用pwm波控制它的開關(guān)通斷就可以實現(xiàn)燈光亮度的調(diào)節(jié)，不過燈光閃爍不停。方案二：選用高頻,高壓的晶體管和光耦，光耦用作隔離，而且速度很快，利用光耦的通斷在輸出端輸出高低電平來控制晶體管的通斷，我們試了以后發(fā)現(xiàn)交流電電壓太高，將晶體管燒壞了。方案三：我們用光耦和雙向晶閘管來做調(diào)壓電路，晶閘管交流開關(guān)門級毫安級電流的通斷可控制晶閘管陽極幾十到幾百安培電流的通斷，交流開關(guān)的特點是晶閘管在承受正版周期電壓時觸發(fā)導(dǎo)通，而它的關(guān)斷是利用電源負半周期在管子上加反電壓來實現(xiàn)，在電流過零是自然關(guān)斷。因此過零檢測很重要，要保持同步觸發(fā)，我們選擇方案三。2.5光傳感器采用光敏電阻采集光的強度，與電阻串聯(lián)

7、進行分壓，然后用a/d采樣后送給單片機處理實時檢測并且顯示光亮的強度。由于光敏電阻的隨光照的強度非線性，我們在軟件上進行補償。三、系統(tǒng)電路設(shè)計3.1觸摸按鍵電路觸摸按鍵采用stm8s103k3可編程芯片對采集的按鍵信息采集，進過處理后輸出高低電平，從而達到觸摸的目的。3.2紅外發(fā)射電路紅外發(fā)射電路我們采用集成發(fā)射、接受模塊，只需對發(fā)射和接受進行編碼和解碼，然后送給單片機進行處理，該模塊價格低且使用起來較簡單。3.3調(diào)光電路本調(diào)光控制器的框圖如下：圖3調(diào)光電路框圖（1）控制部分為了便于靈活設(shè)計，選擇可多次寫入的可編程器件，本設(shè)計方案中選用的是atmel公司生產(chǎn)的at89c51單片機。（2）驅(qū)動部

8、分由于驅(qū)動的對象是交流負載，且為了實現(xiàn)連續(xù)調(diào)節(jié)的目的，本電路中采用了無觸點開關(guān)元件雙向可控硅。雙向可控硅能夠?qū)涣麟娫吹膶?dǎo)通進行無觸點連續(xù)控制，以小電流控制大電流，且動作快、壽命長、可靠性高。（3）負載部分本電路的負載是60w白熾燈(純阻負載)。3.4交流電源過零檢測電路交流電源同步信號的產(chǎn)生如圖4電路所示，圖中的同步信號就是我們需要的交流電壓過零點信號。各部分波形如圖5所示。圖中整流后波形中的水平虛線表示光耦p52l輸入二極管的門限電壓。p521是tlp521的簡稱。圖4過零點信號提取電路圖5 過零點信號（同步信號）波形圖圖7 可控硅主電源導(dǎo)通區(qū)間，同步信號和觸發(fā)信號時序圖圖8 調(diào)光電路3.

9、5光傳感器電路 圖9采光電路如上圖，光敏電阻串聯(lián)50歐的電阻供給+5v的電源，分析可知當(dāng)光照強度強市ad口電壓低，光照弱時電壓高，通過ad采樣送單片機處理獲取光照強度。由于光敏電阻的特性曲線是非線性的，所以我們在軟件中進行了補償，從而得到光照強度。3.6時鐘控制電路 圖10 ds1302時鐘芯片 圖11 ds1302工作原理ds1302 是dallas 公司推出的涓流充電時鐘芯片內(nèi)含有一個實時時鐘/日歷和31 字節(jié)靜態(tài)ram，可通過簡單的串行接口與單片機進行通信。vcc1：主電源；vcc2：備份電源。當(dāng)vcc2vcc1+0.2v時，由vcc2向ds1302供電，當(dāng)vcc27米能否實現(xiàn)能能能能能

10、能能能表1遙控距離測試表由表可以看出遙控距離大于7米，滿足題目要求。六、結(jié)論與改進措施經(jīng)過一個星期的努力，本系統(tǒng)能達成課程設(shè)計的基本要求。6.1 基本要求（1）遙控器的遙控距離大于7米。（2）遙控器不少于6個感應(yīng)觸摸按鍵。（3）負載l為60w白熾燈。（4）各個按鍵的功能及調(diào)光效果，如表2所示。要求達到程度按鍵1白熾燈打開，亮度100% （基本要求）滿足按鍵2白熾燈關(guān)閉，亮度0%（基本要求）滿足按鍵3白熾燈打開，亮度 60% （基本要求）滿足按鍵4白熾燈打開，亮度 30%（基本要求）滿足按鍵5按著按鍵白熾燈漸變暗，松開按鍵后亮度為當(dāng)前松開按鍵時的亮度（發(fā)揮部分）滿足按鍵6按著按鍵白熾燈漸變亮，松

11、開按鍵后亮度為當(dāng)前松開按鍵時的亮度 （發(fā)揮部分）滿足表2 按鍵功能及對應(yīng)調(diào)光效果6.2 存在的問題與改進措施（1）同步觸發(fā)信號比較難以實現(xiàn)，實現(xiàn)多路分別控制十分有難度。（2）光敏傳感器是非線性的，用a/d轉(zhuǎn)換器采樣顯示的時候比較難以做到很精確，只能得到近似值。七、總結(jié)通過本次課程設(shè)計，我們對不僅對電力電子這門課有了更多的了解，而且基本鍛煉我們使用電力電子器件和單片機的能力。學(xué)會了初步的電子仿真設(shè)計。鍛煉了自己的思考能力和創(chuàng)新能力。自己對電路的設(shè)計和看課本上的電路感覺完全不同，在設(shè)計過程中要考慮很多的因素，比如器件的選擇要考慮到參數(shù)，還要看軟件中的元件庫中有沒有此元件，還要通過查資料了解元件的結(jié)

12、構(gòu)和原理。在仿真過程中會有一些錯誤，所以需要分步分析電路的錯誤，因此而學(xué)會了如何對電路進行分析測試的方法，并想辦法加以改正。同時也一定程度上掌握了單片機方面的控制思想，對我們以后學(xué)習(xí)的過程中會有很大的幫助。八、參考文獻1 李玉梅基于mcs-51系列單片機原理的應(yīng)用設(shè)計國防工業(yè)出版社2 謝自美電子線路設(shè)計實驗測試武漢：華中科技大學(xué)出版社，20023 全國大學(xué)生電子設(shè)計大賽獲獎作品選編北京:北京理工大學(xué)出版社，20014 第六屆全國大學(xué)生電子設(shè)計競賽獲獎作品選編北京：北京理工大學(xué)出版社，20035張興.電力電子技術(shù). 北京：科學(xué)出版社，2010.九、附錄：1：整體實物圖 圖13 熄滅狀態(tài)實物圖 圖

13、14 60%光強度狀態(tài)的實物圖2：程序代碼#include #include #include#include data_def.h#include delay.h#include 12864.h#include ds1302.h#include ds18b20.hbit readtimeflag;/定義讀時間標(biāo)志#define t1ms (65536-1000) /定時1mssbit out1= p12;/第一路觸發(fā)信號輸出sbit k1= p20;/8個觸摸按鍵定義 為高電平是表示有鍵按下sbit k2= p21;sbit k3= p22;sbit k4= p23;sbit k5= p24

14、;sbit k6= p25;sbit k7= p26;sbit k8= p27;sbit irin = p32; /紅外接收器數(shù)據(jù)線uint count1,count2;/兩路延時計數(shù)器uint num1,num2;/兩路預(yù)置參考值uchar ircom7;/存放紅外數(shù)據(jù)uchar flag1;/兩路選擇標(biāo)志 0時第一路 1時第二路uchar i=0;void exint_init()/外部中斷初始化/int1由過零觸發(fā)信號觸發(fā)it0 = 1; /設(shè)置int0的中斷類型 (1:僅下降沿 0:上升沿和下降沿) ex0 = 1; /使能int0中斷/int0由遙控器觸發(fā)it1 = 1;ex1 =

15、1; ea = 1;void timer_init()/定時器初始化auxr &= 0x3f; /定時器0和定時器1為1t模式 tmod = 0x00; /設(shè)置定時器為模式0(16位自動重裝載) tl0 = t1ms; /初始化計時值 th0 = t1ms8;tl1 = t1ms; /初始化計時值 th1 = t1ms 8;et0 = 1; /使能定時器0中斷 ea = 1;void data_init()count1=0;out1=1;flag1=0;num1=7;void delay(void) /140us，為紅外準(zhǔn)備uchar i,j;i = 2;j = 159;do while (-

16、j); while (-i);void exint0() interrupt 0 /int0中斷入口,控制紅外 unsigned char j,k,n=0;ex0 = 0; delay();if (irin=1) ex0 =1;return;/確認(rèn)ir信號出現(xiàn) while (!irin) /等ir變?yōu)楦唠娖?，跳過9ms的前導(dǎo)低電平信號。delay();while (irin) /等 ir 變?yōu)榈碗娖剑^4.5ms的前導(dǎo)高電平信號。delay();for (j=0;j4;j+) /收集四組數(shù)據(jù) for (k=0;k=15) ex0=1;return; /0.14ms計數(shù)過長自動離開。 /高電平

17、計數(shù)完畢 ircomj=ircomj 1; /數(shù)據(jù)最高位補“0”if (n=8) ircomj = ircomj | 0x80; /數(shù)據(jù)最高位補“1”n=0;/end for k/end for jif (ircom2!=ircom3) ex0=1;return; ircom5=ircom2 & 0x0f; /取鍵碼的低四位ircom6=ircom2 4; /右移4次，高四位變?yōu)榈退奈籭f(ircom6=0&ircom5=12)num1=3;display_str(2,4,100%亮度);if(ircom6=1&ircom5=8)num1=4;display_str(2,4, 60%亮度);i

18、f(ircom6=5&ircom5=14)num1=6;display_str(2,4, 30%亮度);if(ircom6=0&ircom5=8)num1=8;display_str(2,4,熄滅狀態(tài));if(ircom6=1&ircom5=12) num1=3;delay_ms(100); while(num13)num1-;delay_ms(20);display_str(2,4,逐漸變亮);ex0 = 1; void exint1() interrupt 2 /int1中斷入口,輸出觸發(fā)信號 tr0 = 1;void timer0() interrupt 1 /定時器中斷count1+;

19、if(count1=num1)if(num1!=10)count1=0;out1=0;delay_ms(1);out1=1;tr0 = 0;void keyprocess()if(k8)/100%亮度num1=2;display_str(2,4,100%亮度);if(k2)/80%亮度num1=3;display_str(2,4, 80%亮度);if(k3)/60%亮度num1=5;display_str(2,4, 60%亮度);if(k4)/20%亮度num1=7;display_str(2,4, 20%亮度);if(k5)/掃描 逐漸變暗num1=3;delay_ms(2000);whil

20、e(num13)num1-;delay_ms(2000);display_str(2,4,逐漸變亮);if(k7)/20%亮度num1=8;display_str(2,4,熄滅狀態(tài)); void display() uint temp_data,tempdec;write_lcd_cmd(0x93);write_lcd_dat(temp_data/100+0x30);write_lcd_dat(temp_data%100/10+0x30);write_lcd_dat(temp_data%10+0x30);write_lcd_dat(.);write_lcd_dat(tempdec/1000+0

21、x30);write_lcd_dat(tempdec%1000/100+0x30);write_lcd_dat(tempdec%100/10+0x30);write_lcd_dat(tempdec%10+0x30);void main() lcd_init();ds1302_init();data_init();exint_init();timer_init();display_str(0,0,遙控調(diào)光控制系統(tǒng));display_str(1,0,室溫：);display_str(1,7,);display_str(2,0,光照強度);display_str(2,4, 10%亮度); displ

22、ay_str(3,1,月);display_str(3,3,日);while(1)display(); keyprocess();/觸摸按鍵函數(shù)調(diào)用 readtimeflag=1;/ds1302時間調(diào)用 if(readtimeflag=1) readtimeflag=0; ds1302_read_time(); display1(time_buf14); /時 display2(time_buf15); /分 display3(time_buf16); /秒 if(time_buf14=8)&(time_buf15=24)&(time_buf16=00) num1=8; display4(ti

23、me_buf12); /月 display5(time_buf13); /日 g an employment tribunal claimemployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.you may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer di

24、smisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.for more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal.you can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win y

25、our case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. if your application is receive

26、d after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will nee

27、d to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.if you are being represe

28、nted by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.if y

29、ou are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, including those that give advice by e-mai

30、l, click onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will

31、 attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings agains

32、t cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side a

33、dded: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mi

34、nd has been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲。或許是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏。總覺得自己自己似乎應(yīng)

35、該去做點什么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional;

36、junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be

37、 in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年時，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過

38、年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進，會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點，但畢業(yè)晚會的時候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投過籃球的球框時，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolute

39、ly, have to do, and time.原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. dislike his cowardice, finally

40、 found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個人的時候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很

41、多緣分，有很多錯過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; have dec

42、lared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。baumgartner the disappointing news: mission abort

43、ed. r plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where o

44、ur day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the supersonic des