初中英語語法八種時態(tài)詳解與練習

1、初中英語語法八種時態(tài)詳解與練習集團文件發(fā)布號：（9816-uatww-mwub-wunn-innul-dqqty-初中英語語法:八種時態(tài)詳解與練習一.概念:英語中表示不同時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動詞形式表示, 這種不同的動詞形式稱為時態(tài)。二.種類：（基本時態(tài)）一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般現(xiàn)在時一、概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。二、常搭配的時間狀語:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, o

2、n sundays, etc.三、基本結(jié)構(gòu)be動詞（is, am, are）；行為動詞（主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時謂語動詞要加s或es外）否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don3如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt,同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞d。提問，如主語為第三人稱單 數(shù)，則用does,同時，還原行為動詞。例句：i go to school at 6 every morning. 每天早上我七點去上學。summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。i learned that the earth goe

3、s around the sun when i was in primary school.我在小學就學過地球是圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)的。pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。四、基本用法：1)描述當前時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。在這種情景中，句子常帶有表示頻率的時間狀語：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually 等等，以表示句中的動作或狀態(tài)是習慣性的、經(jīng)常性的。例如：they raise ducks as a sidelin

4、e .他們以養(yǎng)鴨為副業(yè)。she doesnt often write to her family, only once a month, 她不常給家里寫信，僅一月一封而已。i cycle to work every day .我每天騎自行車上班。it seldom rains here .這兒很少下雨。2）僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了描述現(xiàn)階段的動作或狀態(tài)，其重點不是強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的 時間、或進行的狀態(tài)。例如：he can speak five foreign languages . 他能說五種夕卜語。that is a beautiful city .那是座美麗的城市

5、。changjiang river is one of the longest rivers in the world. 長江是世 界上最長河流之一。she majors in music .她主修音樂。all my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。（強調(diào)每個家人）my sister is always ready to help others .我妹妹總是樂于助人。3）陳述客觀事實、客觀真理。顧名思義，客觀的情況是沒有時間概念的；也不會在意動作進行的狀態(tài)。 例如：the earth goes around the sun .地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。ten minus

6、two is eight.十減二等于八。light travels faster than sound .光的速度比聲音的速度快。the united states lies by the west coast of the pacific ocean, 美國 位于太平洋西岸。4)根據(jù)英文語法規(guī)定，當主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時，那么時間或條件狀 語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。例如：i 11 tell him the news when he comes back.他回來時，我將告訴他這個 消息。if you take the job , they will talk

7、with you in greater details.如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談?wù)劶毠?jié)。用于一般現(xiàn)在時的副詞，除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的詞以外，常見的還 有：now, today , nowadays 等等。練習題：用動詞的適當形式填空：absent today ( be )(go)to school at seven in the morning.mother(like) (go) shopping.can (draw) many beautiful pictures.he(like)(j ump)students(speak) english in class.student(s

8、peak) chinese after class.8. lets and play football . ( go )9. he like swimming . ( not )10. your sister study english at school no , she .(do )用所給動詞的適當形式填空：1. i (write) to you as soon as i (get) to london.2. he doesnt feel well and (not eat) any food this morning.3. he not (see) me come in, for he

9、(read) something with great interest.4. dont make a niose. grandpa (sleep).5. it(take) me two hours to finish my homework last night.6. what your mother (do) at eight yesterday evening she (wash) clothes.7. it (rain) when school was over yesterday8. the teacher told us the earth (move) round the sun

10、.單項選擇：students will go to the summer palace if it tomorrow.t rain b. doesn，t rain c. won t rain3. the picture nice.looked looking4. she down and soon fell asleep. a. live b. lain c. laid d. lay6. we shall go to shanghai on business before you back next week.a. wi 1 come b. came c. would come d. come

11、7. dont smoke until the plane off. taken take8. i saw her the room this morning. enter b. entered c. enterd. enters11. he told us at eight.a. working b. to work c.work d. worked12. you，d better at home and your homework.a. to stay, do b. stay, do c. to stay, to do d. stay, to do14. uncle wang knows

12、a washing machine.a. how to make b. to make c. how making d. what to make15. jim decided polly to ling feng when he was back to england.a. to leave b. left c. leaving d. leave4）改句子1. we have four lessons.（否定句）have many books.（改為否定句）shans sister likes playing table tennis （改為否定句）lives in a small town

13、 near new york.（改為一般疑問句）watch tv every day.（改為一般疑問句）has got a goal.（改為一般疑問句）have four lessons.（否定句）does his homework at home.否定句：一般疑問句：劃線提問usually play football on friday afternoon.否定句：一般疑問句：劃線 提問一般過去時一、概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行 為。二、常搭配的時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last wee

14、k(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.三、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞的過去式(was/were)；行為動詞的過去式(即在動詞原形后加ed,不規(guī)則變化的動詞除外)否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didnt,同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did提問，同時還原行為動詞。一般過去時用謂語動詞的過去式構(gòu)成，即在動詞原形后加ed,不規(guī)則變化的特殊 動詞除外。例句：he was he

15、re just now.他剛才還在這里。what did you do yesterday 你昨天做了什么事we often played together when we were children. 我們小時候常在一起玩。he used to smoke a lot, but he doesn， t now.他過去經(jīng)常抽煙，但現(xiàn)在不抽 了。四、基本用法主要是用來描述在過去某個時候發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它也可以用來表示 在過去某段時間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習慣性動作。這一點在表達意義上與一般現(xiàn)在時相 同，只是所在的時間區(qū)域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般過去 時的句子里常常有一個意義較

16、具體的過去時間狀語。這也是它與現(xiàn)在完成時的最大 區(qū)別之一。常和一般過去時連用的過去時間狀語有：last night (week , month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , )等等。使用一般過去時，在某種意義上說就是要強調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于過去的 某個時候。過去的時間概念有兩層意思：一是指

17、現(xiàn)在某個時間以前的時間；二是指說話、寫文章的那個時間點以前的時間，在這個意義上，現(xiàn)在的那個時間點是很小很小的，甚至于小到無法量化的程度。例如：he got his driving license last month.他上個月拿到駕照。一wheres jim吉姆在哪里-he just went out.他剛剛出去。練習：寫出下列動詞的過去式is/am fly plant are drinkplay go make do/doesworryeat draw put throw pass用be動詞的適當形式填空1. the little dog two years old this year.2.

18、 she happy yesterday.3. they glad to see each other last month.4. today the second of june. yesterday the first of june. it childrens day. all the students very excited.句型變換：1 there was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：一般疑問句：肯定回答：否定回答：2 they played football in the playground.否定句：一般疑問句：肯定回答：否

19、定回答：用所給動詞的適當形式填空:1. i (watch) a cartoon on saturday.2. her father (read) a newspaper last night.3. it (be) the 2nd of november yesterday. mr white (go) tohis office by car.4. you (visit) your relatives last spring festival5. gao shan (put) the book on his head a moment ago.6. dont the house. mum it

20、yesterday, (clean)7. what she (find) in the garden last morningshe (find) a beautiful butterfly.8. what you just now i some housework, (do)9. we all (have) a good time last night.10. she likes newspapers, but she a book yesterday, (read)11. he football now, but they basketball just now. (play)句型轉(zhuǎn)換:1

21、 lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）lucy her homework at home.2、he found some meat in the fridge （冰箱）.（變一般疑問句） he meat in the fridge3、she stayed there for a week.（對劃線部分提問）she there4 there was some orange in the cup.（變一般疑問句） there orange in the cup?中譯英：1 .我過了一個忙碌但卻刺激的周末。i exciting weekend.2 jenny喜歡看

22、書。昨晚她看了一本英語書。jenny likes. she an english book last night.3 . emma每天都看電視?？墒亲蛱焖麤]有看。emma tv every day. but he yesterday.4 .上周六他們做什么了他們做作業(yè)和購物了。what they saturdaythey homework and.一般將來時一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。二、時間狀語：tomorrow, next day (week, month, year), soon, in a few minutes, by,theday after

23、tomorrow,等。三、基本結(jié)構(gòu)am/is/are/going to + do； will/shall + do.否定形式：(dwas/were + not;在行為動詞前加didnt,同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。如：telephone me this evening. i 11 be at home.今晚給我打電話，我 會在家。i 11 (shall/will) do a better job next time.下次我要干得好些。the car won t start.車開不了啦。oil and water will not mix.油和水沒法

24、混在一起。四、基本用法：主要用來描述將要發(fā)生的動作或存在于未來的情況。這里所說的“將來時間”是 指“說話、寫文章那一刻以后的時間”。它的表示方法主要有如下幾種：1) shall / will +動詞原形這種表示方法是說，動作在現(xiàn)在或目前還未發(fā) 生，要在將來的某個時間內(nèi)發(fā)生；它沒有主觀性，是“純粹的將來動作”。例如：i shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天沒空。he will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵達這里。2) be( am / is / are ) + going + 不定式這種表示方法主要是說明a) “說話人的意圖

25、、打算”；b) “某種可能性”。例如:a) he is going to spend his holidays in london .他打克在倫敦度假。who is going to speak first 誰先發(fā)言b) it is going to rain soon .馬上要下雨了。is he going to collect any data for us他會幫我們收集資料嗎if you go to new zealand, you are going to like the place. 如果你去新西蘭，你會喜歡上那個地方的。3) be( amisare ) +不定式表示方法描述兩鐘情

26、況:按計劃安排要發(fā)生的動作，這個動作發(fā)生的時間一般不會很遠：要求或命令 他人做某事。例如:a) the new bridge is to open to traffic in three days.新橋三天后通 車。the factory is to go into production before national day. 這家u 國 慶節(jié)前投產(chǎn)。b) you are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room .任何移動通訊工具都不得帶入考場。you are to stay home until your

27、 mother comes back. 你媽回來之前你不 要出去。4)用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時(限于某些動詞)表表按計劃安排要發(fā)生的 事。主要強調(diào)“按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事”。例如：do you get off at the next stop 你下一站下車嗎t(yī)he plane takes off at 11:00 .那架飛機上午十一點起飛。mr. reider is leaving for new york next week.里德先生下周動身去紐 約。五、表示將來的五種常用非時態(tài)方式1. “be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、傾向或必須、義務(wù)等。如:she is to play juliet.她扮

28、演朱麗葉。you are to make the necessary changes.你要做出必要的改變。2. “be about to +不定式”：表示即將發(fā)生的動作，有“即將”的意思, 但不能和具體的時間狀語連用。如：the package is about to come unwrapped.那個包快散開了。3. “be going +不定式”：表示按計劃或安排打算去做某事，或表示有跡象 表明要發(fā)生某事。如：we are going to call her this evening.我們打算今晚給她打電話。my sister1 s going to have a baby this su

29、mmer.我姐姐今年夏天要生孩 子。4. 用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來：主要表示按規(guī)定或時間預(yù)計要發(fā)生的事。如：the students are leaving on sunday.學生們星期日出發(fā)。we * re having a party next week.我們下星期將開一個晚會。5. 用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來：表示按規(guī)定或時間預(yù)計要發(fā)生的事。如：we have a holiday tomorrow.我們明天放假。the train leaves at 10:04 this evening.火車今晚 10:04 分開。練習()1. there一、單項選擇a meeting tomorrow aft

30、ernoon.c. is going to be d.a. will be going to b. will going to be will go to be)2. charlie here next month.a. isnt workingb doesnt workingc.isn tgoing to workingd. won t work()3. hevery busy this week, hefree next week.a. will be; is b. is; isc. will be; will bed. is; will be()4.concert nextsaturda

31、ya. there will be b. will there bec. there can be d. there)5. if they come, wea meeting.a. haveb will havec. hadd. would have) 6. he to us as soon as he gets there.a. writesb. has written c. will writed. wrote)7. he in three days.a. coming backb. came back c. will come backd. is going tocoming back)

32、 8. if it tomorrow, we 11 go roller-skating.a. isnt rain b. won t rain c. doesn t rain d. doesnt fine) 9. the day after tomorrow they a volleyball match.a. will watching b. watches c. is watching d. are going to watch)10. he there at ten tomorrow morning.a. willb. is c. will bed. be)11. 一 lets go ou

33、t to play football, shall we - ok. ia. will comingb. be going to comec. comed. amcoming()12. it us a long time to learn english well.a. takes b. will take c. spends d. will spend()13. the train at 11.a. going to arrive b. will be arrive c. is going to d. is arriving二、用動詞的適當形式填空1. i (leave) in a minu

34、te. i (finish) all my work before i (leave).2. marys birthday is next monday, her mother (give) her a present.3. - you (be) here this saturday-no. i (visit) my teacher.4. - i (get) you a copy of todays newspaper-thank you.5. i am afraid there (be) a meeting this afternoon. i can t join you.過去將來時一、概念

35、：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。.、常搭配的時間狀語：the next day (morning, year), the following month(week), etc.三、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were going to + do； would/should + do; hvas/were to was/were about to+do否定形式： was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。例句：i knew you would agr

36、ee.我知道你會同意的。i said i would arrange everything. 我說我來安排一切。四、基本用法表示過去的某時以后將要發(fā)生的動作。但這個將來時間絕不會延伸到“現(xiàn) 在”；而僅限于“過去時間區(qū)域內(nèi)”。由此可以看出，含這個時態(tài)的句子常帶一個 表示“過去某個時間點”的狀語。這個狀語或是一個短語，或是一個句子。這個時 態(tài)常用于：a)賓語從句或間接引語中;b）表示過去習慣性的動作;c)表示過去情況中的“愿望”、“傾向”，多用于否定句。例如：a) when i thought about it , i wondered what their reaction would be .

37、當我考慮這件事時，我想知道他們的反應(yīng)是什么。she told me that she would go on trip to europe the next day. 她告訴 我，她第二天要去歐洲旅行。he didn，t expect that we would all be there.他沒料到我們會全在那 兒。b) during that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在 那段時間，他每天早鍛煉。whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housew

38、ork.無論他什么時間有空，他總是幫他媽媽干點家務(wù)活。c) no matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it .不管工作有多難，他總會堅持不懈地把它干完。they knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他們矢口道我們絕不 會允許發(fā)生這樣的事。even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在講座結(jié)束之后，聽眾仍不肯離去。練習:i .選擇

39、填空1. li ming said he happy if brian to china next month.a. as; come b. was; would come c. would be; came d. will be; come2. we were not sure whether they more vegetables.a. are going to grow b. were going to growc. will growd. have grown3. she to work when the telephone rang.a. is going b. will goc.

40、 was about to go d. is to goii .用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. miss zhang said she (visit) the great wall next summer.1. she told him that she (not stay) here for long.3. i wasn t sure whether lucy(come) the next year.4. she said the bus (leave) at five the next morning.5. i wasnt sure whether he (lend) me his book

41、 the next morning.6. he was fifty-six. in two years he (be) fifty-eight.現(xiàn)在進行時一、概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。二、常搭配的時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.三、基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。例：they re having a meeting.他們在開會。i m studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。you re

42、 always interrupting me!你老打斷我的話！(抱怨)she s always helping people.她老是幫助別人。(贊揚)四、基本用法主要用來描述“說話、寫文章的當刻”正在發(fā)生的動作，或是“現(xiàn)階段” 一直在進 行的動作。適用于下面的情況：1） “說話、寫文章的當刻”正在發(fā)生的動作。例如：they are having a football match .他們正在賽足球。she is writing her term paper.她正在寫學期論文。someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你聽電話。2） “現(xiàn)階段” 一直在

43、進行的動作。這種情況并不是說某個動作在說話的那會 兒正在發(fā)生，而是說某個動作在當前一段時間內(nèi)一直在進行著，或是重復(fù)地發(fā)生 著。例如:he is preparing for cet band six.他在為大學英語六級考試作準備。how are you getting along with your new job 你那份新工作干得怎么樣3） 表示說話人的情感，如：贊許、批評；喜歡、厭惡等。這時的動作并不是 正在發(fā)生或進行，而是表示經(jīng)常性，相當于“一般現(xiàn)在時”所描述的情況。例如：he is always thinking of others , not of himself .（表不贊許）他總

44、是為他人著想，而不為自己。she is often doing well at school.（表不滿意）她在學校學習挺不錯的。are you feeling better today （表示親切）你今天覺得好一些嗎one of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表小不滿）我的一個室友老是亂扔東西。some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting theirproducts to us .（表示不喜歡）有些推銷員老是敲我家的門，向我們推銷他們的 產(chǎn)品。4）表示在近期

45、按計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，用于這種情況僅限于少量的動詞，如：go , come , leave , arrive , see , have , lunch （吃午飯）,return, dine （ 進餐，尤指晚餐），work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear（ 穿，戴）等。例如:r m dinning out with my friends this evening.今晚我將和朋友在外面吃飯。an american professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美國教授要來作報告。we are havi

46、ng a holiday next wednesday.下周三我們放假。are you staying here till next week你要在這兒呆到下星期嗎練習:一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：p 1 ay run swim make wr i t e skihave sing see buy live take gets t op s i t二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：1. listen . some girls ( sing)in the classroom .2. my mother ( cook ) some nice food now.3. what you ( do ) n

47、ow(not , water) the flowers now.5. its 5 oclock now. we (have) supper now(wash )clothes yes , she is三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：l tom is reading books in his room now .(對劃線部分提問)2. my mother is cooking some nice food now.(改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答) 四、填空題1. mr zheng (read) a book now.2. listen! someone is(come).3. look! he (dive) n

48、ow.4. tom ( watch ) tv in the dining room.5. come on. they ( leave ) now.6. where is your mothershe (answer) the phone.(do) (sing) an english song.過去進行時一、概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。二、時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時 的時間狀語等。三、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）否定形式：was/were +

49、not + doing.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。四、基本用法：主要表示在過去的某個時間點上正在發(fā)生、進行的動作。由于它的定義是表示 在過去的某個時間點上正在發(fā)生、進行的動作，所以，句子常帶有一個表示“過去 某個時間點”的狀語。這個狀語可能是短語，詞組，或是一個從句。也可能是通過 上下文來表達這層意思。過去進行時主要用于下面的情景中：1）表示在過去某時刻正在進行的動作,例如：at this moment yesterday, i was packing for camp.昨天這時候，我正在收 拾東西去露營。when i came to see her last time, she

50、 was writing an article.上次我來 看她的時候，她正在寫一篇文章。what were you doing at eight last night 昨晚八點鐘你在做什么2）用于故事的開頭，交代故事發(fā)生的背景情況。過去進行時所描述的動作是“正在進行”，所以，在這種情景中用“過去進行 時”可以給讀者一種“動感”，從而能使文章更加生動活潑。例如：one night, he was typing in his study . suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity.一天晚上，他正在書房里打字

51、。突 然，一個人闖進屋來，切斷了電源3）（僅限少數(shù)動詞）表示在過去的未來時間要發(fā)生的動作。例如：when national day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday .國慶節(jié)即將來臨的時候，他們開始制訂度假計劃。she told me that she was going to hainan for her holiday. 她告訴我她 將去海南度假。my friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day .我朋

52、友對我說，他今天要與他的一位客戶一塊兒吃午飯。we left there when its getting dark.天快黑的時候，我們離開了那兒。五、過去進行時和一般過去時的區(qū)別兩者的基本差別是過去進行時通常表示一個過去正在進行且尚未完成的動作，而 一般過去時則通常表示一個過去己經(jīng)完成的動作。如：i was reading a book last night.我昨晚在看書。（不一定看完）i read a book last night.我昨晚看了一本書。（已經(jīng)看完）they were building a bridge there.他們在那里修一座橋。(不一定建成)they built a

53、bridge there.他們在那兒修了一座橋。(已建成)注：有些動詞(如rain, snow, cough, wear, feel, work等)本身并不表示動 作完成，這時用兩種時態(tài)都可以，且含義區(qū)別不大：it rained was raining all day yesterday.昨天下了天的雨。she didn, t feel wasnt t feeling well that day.那天她感到不太舒 服。練習用動詞的適當形式填空1. i (telephone) a friend when bob (come) in.2. we (test) the new machine whe

54、n the electricity (go) off.3. she (not want) to stay in bed while the others (all, work) in the fields.4. as i(walk) in the park, it (begin) to rain.5. it was quite late at night. george (read) and amy (play) her needle when they (hear) a knock at the door.6. i (have) my breakfast at half past six y

55、esterday morning.7. mary (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. john and peter (do) the same thing.8. it (rain) when you left school yes, it . (no, it )9. the three of them were in a hurry because their plane (leave) in five minutes.10. in a letter, john told us that he (come) to china next month.11. she (make) her dress the whole afternoon.12. later his parents found that he (sit)