Comparison-and-Contrast

1、Comparison and Contrast比較和對照的寫作方法A Brief IntroductionDefinitions of comparison and contrast comparison: You are asked to explain how two or more things are alike.Contrast: You are asked to explain how two or more things are different. 一目標(biāo)：掌握英語作文中比較和對照的寫作方法(比較著重相似點(diǎn)，而對照強(qiáng) 調(diào)不同之處)；使用比較和對照寫作方法的一般是說明文與論說文，

2、常見的比較對照有兩種 方式 :1. 塊狀比較方式( block presentation or the subject-by-subject )，先 A 后B，即 A1, A2, A3. ; B1 , B2, B3。2. 逐點(diǎn)比較方式( alternating presentation or the point-by-point )， AB 交錯(cuò)，即 A1， B1； A2， B2； A3， B3.。Comparison and contrast is a method that is often used by writers to analyze the similarities and d

3、ifferences between two subjects. To compare isto bring out the similarities between two thingsand to contrast ， which is aform of comparison ， is to emphasize the differences between them. As a result ， we can understand the two subjects better than we would do if we just examine the two individuall

4、y.In writing a comparison and contrast essay ， you may emphasize either the similarities or the differences between the two subjects ，or if you like ， you may include in your essay both the similarities and differences. No matter what you may emphasize in your essay ， remember you should make a poin

5、t in your essay ， that is， there should be a purpose for making the comparison and the contrast. If the two items are too similar or too different， there won tbe any point in comparing or contrasting them.Three purposes for making a comparison and contrast:A. To present information about something u

6、nfamiliar by comparing it with something familiar.B. To show the superiority of one thing by comparing it with another.C. To show the reader of the similarities and differences of two things to help the reader understand or evaluate them.The organization of a comparison and contrast essay ：A .How to

7、 introduce a comparison and contrast essayYou can introduce your comparison and contrast essay by explaining clear your purpose for making the comparison and/or contrast. You can also present the background information that promotes you to write the essay. B. How to organize the body of a comparison

8、 and contrast essay：When you come to the body of a comparison and contrast essay ， you should follow the following two steps ：Identifying the points ： If you don t know what points to compare and/or contrast about the subjects ， you can create a list of potential points for each of the subjects. The

9、n you can rearrange these points.2. Choosing an effective pattern to organize the similarities and differences.a) The subject-by-subject pattern ： to present each of the two subjects separately ， that is， to present first about one of the subjects ， covering the points completely ， then proceed to t

10、he other subject ， also covering all the points completely. In general ，this way works better in short essays where few aspects are considered ， or where the writer s interest is in the whole. Its pattern is like the following ：b) The point-by-point pattern ： to discuss the two subjects for each poi

11、nt of comparison and contrast ， that is， you write about the first point in terms of the similarities and differences between the two subjects ， then proceed to the next point ， and so on. This way is preferable in long essays where many aspects are mentioned ， for a long discussion of the various a

12、spects of one item puts too much burden on the reader s memory. Its pattern is like the following ：c) The sim-diff pattern ： The writer puts all the similarities between the subjects together and all the differences together. This technique is suitable for those subjects whose similarities and diffe

13、rences are more balanced. In an essay using this pattern to organize the body part， the whole essay will bearranged in the following way ：IntroductionSimilaritiesDifferencesConclusionC. How to end a comparison and contrast essay ：mayYour conclusion should help your readers draw conclusions. You prop

14、ose an action ， stimulate the reader or make a generalization. You can also restate your purpose in a fresh way.Country Life and City LifeIt is really hard to say which is better than the other, city life or rural life.Both have their merits and shortcomings.Living in the city has a great many advan

15、tages. First, you can enjoy various kinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are more cultural activities in the city you can go to the con cert, the theatre, the movies or the disco club after a day shard work. But city life has many problems, too. The overcrowded population, traffi

16、c jam, industrial pollution, and the lack of understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness. Living in the country, however, you can watch the magnificent sunrise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want, you can certainly have a huge garden when a small

17、 green space seems a luxury in the city. In the country, you don thave so much worries. You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flowers and finally into fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. Things are going so slowly that somet

18、imes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remote corners of the world. You may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city.Like anything else, country life and city life have their advantages and disadvantages. The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of both li

19、ves and get rid of their inconveniences.Middle School Life and College LifeThere are many differences between middle school and the college. First ，in middle school ，we have to listen to what the teacher says in class, to understand the content of the text. But in college ， we must study by ourselve

20、s before class. If not ，we couldnt follow the teacher. Second ， there are lots of rules in middle school. For example ，we should wear the uniform ， the girls must have their hair cut short ， and we are not allowed to make boy- or girlfriends. However ，in college ，we have more freedom. We can wear th

21、e clothes we like. And the girls could have long beautiful hair. We are also free to make boy or girlfriends. The third ，in the middle school ，we must study first. That means we could do nothing but study. In contrast ， we have to do everything by ourselves in college. That means we must plan our ti

22、me carefully. There are also other differences between our school life and our college life. We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life.三寫作步驟1.寫前階段：寫作提綱1）對兩個(gè)對象或一個(gè)對象的兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行比較與對照分析，找出相似點(diǎn)/不同之處。如分析Online shopping or in-store shopping（網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物還是店內(nèi)購Adva ntagesDisadva ntagesConvenient;Cheated;On li ne

23、 shopp ingCheap;Cannot see the items inA lot of select ionspers on;n-storeshopp ingPers on al, talk;Know the quality;Good for healthExpe nsive;Time-c on sumi ng;tiri ng2.寫作階段：利用相關(guān)資料，組織結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容1) Useful words and phrases:by con trast, on the con trary, while, whereas, on the other hand, un like, in stea

24、d,but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, un like, yet, in con trast, eve n so, less/more/faster.tha n, although, in oppositi on to, on the con trary, on the other hand, on the opposite side2) Useful expressionsJust like a coin has two sides, everyting has its adv

25、antages and disadvantages, and is no exception.The adva ntage far outweigh the disadva ntages.The adva ntages of A are much greater tha n those of B.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadva ntages that.For all the disadva ntages, it has its compe nsati ng adva ntages.Like anything el

26、se, it has its faults.A and B has several points in com mon.A bears some resembla nces to B.However, the same is not applicable to B.A and B differ in several ways.Evide ntly, it has both n egative and positive effects.The same is true of B.Won deri ng as A is ,it has its drawbacks.It is true that A

27、 . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are .比較型作文常用句型首段It is widely accepted / an undeni able fact that There used to be a heated discussi on over Nowadays, there are two ways to , such as A and B.Some people prefer .,while others insist that Those who are in favor of A argue that But I am in f

28、avor of / But I prefer to do /But I agree with the former/latter one中立的觀點(diǎn)：As for me, I m in favor of a combination of A and B./ I prefer to combine A and B.Personally, I prefer to strike a balance between A and B.主體部分First and foremost, What smore, Last but not least,First of all, Moreover, Most imp

29、ortantly, It is true that A is ,but B There are several strong points of A.The advantages of A are much greater than those of BHowever, the advantages of A outweigh it disadvantages.結(jié)尾段For this reas on, I like doingOf course, A has its own merits.But I m still in favor of B.3） Useful Writing Pattern

30、s（1）塊狀比較模板：模板一It is really hard to say which is better than the other, A or B. Both have their merits and shortcomings.A has a great many advantages. First, . Second, . Third, . Wondering as A is , it has its drawbacks. First of all, . Besides, . B is quite different from B in many ways. Its positiv

31、e sides are as follows. Firstly, . Sencondly, . Like anyting else, B has itsfaults, such as .Evidently, both A and B have their positive and negative aspects.The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of the both and get rid of their inconveniences.模板二The topic of （ 主題 ） is becoming more and

32、more popular recently. There are twosides of opinions about it. Some people say _A_ is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of （A 理由一 ）. What smore, （A 理由二 ）. Moreover, （A 理由三）.While others think that _B_ is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly, （B 理由一 ）.Secondly/Bes

33、ides, （B 理由二 ）. Thirdly/ Finally, （B理由三 ）.For my point of view, I think （ 我的觀點(diǎn) ）. The reason is that （ 原因 ）. As amatter of fact, there are some other reason to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice.模板三There is a heated debate over （主題 ）. It is commonly accepted that _A_ . Inc

34、ontrast, others think that _B_ .Those who hold the first opinion suggest that （A 理由一 ）. In their view, （A 理由二 ）.However, others think （B 理 由 一 ）.They argue that （B 理 由 二 ） .Considering one after another, I stand on the side of _A/B_ . First of all, （ 原因一 ）. Furthermore, （ 原因二 ）. Thirdly, （ 原因三 ）. Therefore, I am in favor ofthe idea （ 我的觀點(diǎn) ）.（2）逐點(diǎn)比較框架：Both A and B are very popular in todays society. Just like a coin has two sides, everytinghas its advantages and disadvantages, and A and B are no exception.T