初中英語閱讀欣賞課

1、初中英語閱讀欣賞課模式探索作者姓名：王 偉作者單位：鄭州市第六十二中學(xué)郵箱：542818606初中英語閱讀欣賞課模式的探索 關(guān)鍵詞：閱讀 欣賞 素質(zhì)教育 應(yīng)試要求摘要：在課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的五級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，規(guī)定課外閱讀量應(yīng)累計(jì)達(dá)到15萬詞以上。擴(kuò)大學(xué)生閱讀量與培養(yǎng)學(xué)生閱讀技巧相結(jié)合是培養(yǎng)尖子生；增進(jìn)差生對英語興趣以及促進(jìn)中等生提高的關(guān)鍵。一、開設(shè)閱讀欣賞課的背景和意義。（一）在初中開設(shè)閱讀欣賞課，是貫徹英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。基礎(chǔ)教育階段英語課程的任務(wù)是：激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣，使學(xué)生樹立自信心，養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣和形成有效的學(xué)習(xí)策略，發(fā)展自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力和合作精神；使學(xué)生掌握一定的英語基礎(chǔ)知識和聽、說、

2、讀、寫技能，形成一定的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力；培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察、記憶、思維、想象能力和創(chuàng)新精神；幫助學(xué)生了解世界和中西方文化的差異，拓展視野，培養(yǎng)愛國主義精神，形成健康的人生觀、為他們的終生學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)展打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。閱讀，不僅是同學(xué)們必須掌握的一種技能，更是他們觀察的內(nèi)容之一，是了解世界和中希望文化差異，拓展視野等的基礎(chǔ)手段之一。在課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的內(nèi)容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，更是明確規(guī)定了五級的閱讀目標(biāo)，其中有一項(xiàng)就是初教材外，課外閱讀量應(yīng)累計(jì)達(dá)到15萬詞以上。（二）在初中開設(shè)閱讀欣賞課，符合學(xué)生的認(rèn)知規(guī)律?！笆熳x唐詩三百首，不會作詩也會吟”。眾所周知，學(xué)語言，語言環(huán)境是非常重要的一個因素。有了良好的語言環(huán)境，同學(xué)們可以

3、在或主動或被動的情況下，去感知語言，進(jìn)而理性的學(xué)習(xí)語言，為聽、說、寫的技能提高奠定基礎(chǔ)。從而才能夠在文化意識、情感態(tài)度等方面得到提高。（三）在初中開設(shè)閱讀欣賞課，順應(yīng)素質(zhì)教育和中、高考改革的需要。開設(shè)閱讀欣賞，不僅僅是對閱讀能力的培養(yǎng)，也必將促進(jìn)其他語言應(yīng)用能力的提高。同時，在閱讀中，也可以獲取大量信息，陶冶情操，提高綜合素質(zhì)。在目前階段，無論教育怎么改革，中、高考都是一個不可回避的話題。同樣，中、高考也是檢驗(yàn)教學(xué)效果的一個重要指標(biāo)。無論中考還是高考，所有題型首先要面對的就是閱讀。在近年我市英語中考試卷中，直接考查學(xué)生閱讀能力題型的權(quán)重不斷增加。閱讀教學(xué)在英語教學(xué)中也就愈發(fā)重要。二、課題研究的

4、主要內(nèi)容和目標(biāo)。研究內(nèi)容：閱讀欣賞課的閱讀材料的組織、課堂設(shè)計(jì)以及閱讀任務(wù)的設(shè)置。研究目標(biāo)：摸索、建立一套科學(xué)、合理、有效的閱讀欣賞課模式。 三、課題研究的組織。英語教師王偉主持，由教科室負(fù)責(zé)理論支持和指導(dǎo)，北京外國語大學(xué)國家“十一五重點(diǎn)課題組”霍慶文教授指導(dǎo)，英語教研組部分教師參與。明確課題研究必須從實(shí)際從發(fā)，發(fā)揚(yáng)務(wù)實(shí)、創(chuàng)新、高效精神，統(tǒng)一思想，加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)，勇于實(shí)踐，廣泛開展教學(xué)研究，最終促進(jìn)學(xué)生語言綜合運(yùn)用的能力，提高英語中考成績，從而提高英語教學(xué)的整體效果。四、課題研究的指導(dǎo)理論及綱要。貫徹英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基本理念，遵循課標(biāo)的課程目標(biāo)，參照課標(biāo)的實(shí)施建議，以課標(biāo)內(nèi)容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中語言技能要求為指南

5、，開展教學(xué)活動。五級1.能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義；2.能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系；3.能找出文章中的主題，理解故事的情節(jié)，預(yù)測故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展和可能的結(jié)局；4.能讀懂常見體裁的閱讀材料；5.能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運(yùn)用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息；6.能利用字典等工具書進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)；7.除教材外，課外閱讀量應(yīng)累計(jì)達(dá)到15萬詞以上。五、課題研究的實(shí)施和過程。閱讀欣賞課題研究分兩大塊來開展實(shí)施：（一）課內(nèi)。1. 精讀。2. 閱讀理解、完形填空、情景閱讀、補(bǔ)全短文等閱讀類題型的解題指導(dǎo)。3. 閱讀欣賞課。（二）課外。1. 在學(xué)校櫥窗開辟英語專欄。2. 在教室黑板報(bào)中設(shè)立英語角專欄。3. 鼓勵學(xué)

6、生訂閱英語周報(bào)的英語類報(bào)紙雜志。4. 開展學(xué)生自編英語小報(bào)活動。在上列實(shí)施活動中，我校研究的重點(diǎn)放在如何開英語閱讀欣賞課上。英語閱讀欣賞課研究的過程：（一）初識閱讀欣賞課。在接觸這個課題之初，我們?nèi)バ值軐W(xué)校聽了一節(jié)閱讀欣賞的研究課。教者挑選了五篇短文。在課上，教者顯示呈現(xiàn)了一篇短文，然后讓同學(xué)們通過閱讀完成一些教者設(shè)計(jì)的問題。然后呈現(xiàn)第二篇短文，這樣，用同樣的程序完成五篇短文。只是每篇短文后所設(shè)計(jì)的題型有所不同，或是回答問題，或是判斷正誤，或是選擇。在完成了所有短文的任務(wù)后，教者進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，歸納出一些閱讀技巧。聽完這節(jié)課后，我們對這節(jié)課進(jìn)行了討論。本節(jié)課雖然是圍繞閱讀來進(jìn)行的。但總的感覺更象是

7、一節(jié)閱讀理解解題技巧講解課。通過聽課和討論，我們對閱讀欣賞課有了初步的認(rèn)識：1. 閱讀欣賞課應(yīng)該與閱讀理解講解課有所區(qū)別。既然是閱讀欣賞課，就要能在閱讀中欣賞，在欣賞中閱讀。所以這個課型的名稱就決定了它在形式、內(nèi)容、方法上要與閱讀理解技巧講解不同。它不應(yīng)該是技巧的講解，而是通過閱讀和任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)，在閱讀與欣賞中掌握技巧，運(yùn)用技巧在欣賞中閱讀。2. 閱讀欣賞課整節(jié)課應(yīng)該是一個有機(jī)的整體。一節(jié)閱讀欣賞課，應(yīng)該有一定的容量。那自然應(yīng)該是好幾篇短文。但是教者需要通過認(rèn)真的思考和分析，合理設(shè)計(jì)，使整節(jié)課成為一個有機(jī)的整體。如果就是那么讀一篇，講一篇，再讀一篇，再講一篇，那么就會給學(xué)生一種為閱讀而閱讀的感覺，

8、整節(jié)課也就顯得比較零散。 （二）初試閱讀欣賞課。有了基本的看法和認(rèn)識，我們開始了閱讀欣賞課的初步嘗試。這次，我們需要面對的材料依然是五篇短文。字?jǐn)?shù)為1000詞左右，面對的是八年級的同學(xué)。五篇短文內(nèi)容如下ASam likes eating fish very much. He often buys fish in the shop and takes them home. One day his wife (妻子) sees the fish and thinks, “Good! Now, I can ask my friends to have lunch and we can eat the

9、 fish. They like fish very much. ”When Sam comes home from work in the evening, the fish is not there and his wife says, “Oh, your cat eats it.” And then she gives him some bread for his supper. Sam is angry（生氣）. He takes the cat and his wife to a shop near his house and weighs（稱）the cat. Then he tu

10、rns to his wife and says, “My fish weighs one kilo. The cat weighs one kilo, too. My cat is here, you see, then, where is my fish? ”BMark Twain was asked one day if he could remember the first money he ever earned .He thought a long time before answering, and then said , “Yes, it was at school , I c

11、an remember everything about it. Schoolboys in those days didnt respect their teachers and didnt take good care of their desks and chairs. They often used knives to cut words or something on them. But if they did so , they would be beaten in front of the whole school, or would have to pay five dolla

12、rs to the school.”“One day I did such a thing and I had to ask my father what to choose-to be beaten or to pay five dollars. My father said it would be too bad to lose face in front of the whole school, so he decided to give me five dollars to hand over to the teacher. But before giving me the money

13、 ,he took me to his room and gave me a good beating. But as I had one beating and got used to it. I decided I would take another beating at school and keep the five dollars. So that was the first money I ever earned.”CThe koala is an Australian animal. It has gray and brown fur(毛皮). And the fur on i

14、ts belly(腹部) is white. Koalas eat, sleep in eucalyptus trees(桉樹). They almost never get down the trees. They are active(活躍的) at night and sleep during the day. People often think that koalas are friendly animals because they look very cute. But they may scratch(亂抓) people if they are not happy. They

15、 have sharp claws(利爪). So please be friendly to them. In the past(過去), koalas were often hunted(獵獲) because of their beautiful, soft and thick(軟而厚實(shí)) fur. Now they are a protected species(保護(hù)動物) and its illegal(非法的) to hunt them. We need koalas and other animals, they are our dear friends!DDogs are fr

16、iends of man. They work for us. They hunt with us. They also play with us. But a long time ago, all over the world, dogs were wild. Dogs can go back to the Stone Age. All dogs had the same ancestor (祖先). It is believed that this ancestor was much like a wolf. Other animals, like fox, also came from

17、this ancestor. Thousands of years ago, man began to tame (使馴服) the wild dogs. When the dogs were tamed, they were trained (訓(xùn)練) well. The strong dogs then became working animals. They were trained to pull heavy loads (擔(dān)子). They learned to keep watching over sheep and other animals. Working dogs could

18、 do other things, too. Some dogs were not strong. But they could help man hunt. Other dogs were best at pets. At first, there were only a few kinds of dogs. Today, there are more than 100 kinds.EBill Gates was born on October 28, 1955. He grew up in Seattle, Washington. Bill Gates was named William

19、Henry after his father and grandfather. He was a very clever boy. His favorite subjects at school were science and math. When people asked him what he wanted to be in the future, he always said, “A scientist.”When he was 13 years old, Bill started to play with computers. At that time, computers were

20、 very large machines. Once he was interested in a very old computer. He and some of his friends spent lots of time doing unusual things with it. In the end, they worked out a software program with the old machine. Bill sold it for 4,200 dollars when he was only 17. In 1973, Bill went to Harvard Univ

21、ersity. At Harvard, he developed the BASIC language for the first microcomputer. In his third year, he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft. Bill began this company in 1975 with his friend Paul Allen. They thought that the computer would be a very important tool（工具）in every office and

22、 in every home, so they began developing software for personal computers. They improved the software to make it easier for people to use computers.In 1999, Bill wrote a book called Business the Speed of Thought. In the book he told people how computer technology could solve business problems in new

23、ways. It was one on the best-sellers of the New York Times list.按照我們對閱讀欣賞課的理解，首先要做的第一件事情，就是要把五篇獨(dú)立的小短文有機(jī)的聯(lián)系在一起，各篇章之間過渡要自然。通過對短文的認(rèn)真分析，我們覺得第一篇短文對于八年級的同學(xué)來說，閱讀沒有什么難度，所以我們對文章進(jìn)行了挖空，使之成為一篇聽力練習(xí)。其余四篇文章分成了兩組，C和D兩篇都是關(guān)于動物的，B和E兩篇是關(guān)于人物的。第一篇短文中，出現(xiàn)了貓。在處理完第一篇短文后，自然的從貓，可以問同學(xué)們是否喜歡貓，然后引出狗，自然就過渡到了關(guān)于狗和考拉的這兩篇文章。處理完這兩篇文章后，自

24、然談到寵物，然后用一個很吸引同學(xué)們的問題：“你知道世界上誰養(yǎng)鯨做寵物嗎？”又非常自然地引出比爾蓋茨和馬克吐溫這兩篇文章上。這樣，整個課堂就成為了一個有機(jī)的成體。在閱讀任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)上，為了區(qū)別與考試中的閱讀理解。避免同學(xué)們對閱讀理解的厭煩，甚至逆反，我們避免了采用選擇填空、判斷正誤等題型，力爭給同學(xué)們以新鮮感，能更輕松地帶著欣賞的心情去閱讀。由于是閱讀欣賞課，第一篇短文在完成聽力填空的任務(wù)后，我們還是設(shè)置了回答問題的任務(wù)。由于后面有兩篇是關(guān)于動物的，兩篇是關(guān)于人物的。我們就設(shè)計(jì)了比較閱讀的任務(wù)。兩種動物比較，設(shè)計(jì)比較表格很容易。對于兩個人物，碰巧的是，文章中都提到了他們所賺的第一筆錢，我們也就抓住

25、這一點(diǎn)，設(shè)計(jì)了比較的內(nèi)容。然后針對比爾蓋茨的這篇文章中比較多的出現(xiàn)了年代，我們設(shè)計(jì)了一項(xiàng)任務(wù)，讓同學(xué)們畫出一條時間線，標(biāo)出比爾蓋茨在不同時間所做的事情。為了了解同學(xué)們對文章的理解程度，在每組文章后，我們也都設(shè)計(jì)了一些回答問題。在本節(jié)課的最后，設(shè)計(jì)了幾個問題，讓同學(xué)們能通過回答問題，寫出一篇小短文，突出環(huán)保主題。整節(jié)課設(shè)計(jì)好后，我們在校內(nèi)選擇了一個班進(jìn)行了嘗試。一節(jié)課上下來，同學(xué)們基本反應(yīng)還比較好。表現(xiàn)出了相當(dāng)?shù)呐d趣。我們針對課堂設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了一定的調(diào)整。第一個問題是，一節(jié)課中出現(xiàn)了四次回答問題，顯得單調(diào)重復(fù)，有點(diǎn)影響同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。我們就把中間的兩次回答問題刪除了。把本節(jié)課所涉及的幾篇文章歸納出

26、了一篇小短文，中間空掉了幾個詞，讓同學(xué)們把它補(bǔ)全。第二個問題是，關(guān)于兩個人物的比較。八年級的同學(xué)自己總結(jié)填寫表格，在語言組織上有一定的困難。我們就稍微做了一點(diǎn)調(diào)整，把語句給出來，讓同學(xué)們把它們填到正確的位置。經(jīng)過調(diào)整之后，我們在泰東實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校進(jìn)行了借班上課。取得了非常理想的效果。（三）探索閱讀欣賞課。在初次嘗試中取得的成功，讓我們嘗到了閱讀欣賞課的甜頭，也堅(jiān)定了我們繼續(xù)閱讀欣賞課的決心。通過嘗試，我們感覺到閱讀欣賞課的課堂整體性是十分必要而有效的。也是我們在以后的閱讀欣賞課中必須堅(jiān)持的。當(dāng)然，我們也有一些困惑。就是閱讀欣賞課中的任務(wù)究竟采取什么形式，該如何來設(shè)置。就這個問題，我們展開了研討、學(xué)習(xí)

27、，并且在平時的日常教學(xué)中進(jìn)行探索，逐步認(rèn)識到一點(diǎn)。正如我們談到教學(xué)時都明白“教學(xué)有法，教無定法”一樣，好的任務(wù)設(shè)置，要把握文章的特點(diǎn)，能夠幫助同學(xué)們掌握學(xué)習(xí)策略，理解文章的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)。在思路基本清晰之后。我們又在七年級進(jìn)行了研究探索。這次我們要面對的是典范英語，他每本書是一個完整的故事，便于操作設(shè)置語境和設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生課本劇表演。短文內(nèi)容如下：有了前面的學(xué)習(xí)和探索，我們的觀念已經(jīng)有所改變。面對四篇內(nèi)容不同的短文，我們覺得依然要堅(jiān)持貫徹在設(shè)計(jì)上要強(qiáng)調(diào)課堂的整體性。對于文章的內(nèi)容，我們貫徹“用教材教，而不是教教材”的理念。因此我們對文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了適當(dāng)?shù)母淖?。改變后?nèi)容如下：AMy name is Yao

28、ming. I am a boy. Im from C_. I live in the U_ with my parents now. I play b_ in NBA this year. And now I have some A_ friends. They are f_ to me. My favorite teammate(隊(duì)友) is McGrady.Hes helpful(樂于助人的)。I can speak a little E_ now and I help my friends with C_ & learn English from them. Now we learn

29、more.My friends and I can t_ in English and I can talk in English and I can talk in English and Chinese. We are all happy.BHere are two pictures. A man and a boy are in one picture. Who are they? Let me tell you. The man is Mr. White, and the boys name is Bill. Hes the mans son. Now they are in Bill

30、s bedroom. We can see some Chinese books in the desk. And on the bed is a shirt. Its Bills. His trousers are on it, under his shirt, too. Now lets look at the other picture. You can see a woman and a girl in it. The woman is Bills mother and shes in her daughter, Anns room. You can see a photo of th

31、e Whites on the white wall. Between the windows is a desk. A clock is on the desk. Its eleven. Whats that on the floor? Oh, its Anns hat, but it looks like a brown hatCOne Sunday afternoon My wife, Ye Li, and I are in a big shop. I love Ye Li and want to buy a new dress for her. Ye Li doesnt like th

32、e new dress. She likes something to eat. So I buy two kilos(公斤) of apples for her. Ye Li wants to buy some picture-books and colored pencils, too. There are many things and many people in the shop. They are men and women, old and young. They all want to do shopping there. The people in the shop are

33、very friendly. DSam likes eating fish very much. He often buys fish in the shop and takes them home. One day his wife (妻子) sees the fish and thinks, “Good! Now, I can ask my friends to have lunch and we can eat the fish. They like fish very much. ”When Sam comes home from work in the evening, the fi

34、sh is not there and his wife says, “Oh, your cat eats it.” And then she gives him some bread for his supper. Sam is angry（生氣）. He takes the cat and his wife to a shop near his house and weighs（稱）the cat. Then he turns to his wife and says, “My fish weighs one kilo. The cat weighs one kilo, too. My c

35、at is here, you see, then, where is my fish? ” 對文章的內(nèi)容和順序進(jìn)行了調(diào)整之后，我們在設(shè)計(jì)本節(jié)課的時候，充分借助了多媒體課件。首先我們借用了姚明球迷俱樂部的官方網(wǎng)站。借用了期中的一些頁面，對頁面進(jìn)行了修改。把整節(jié)課變成了要加入姚明球迷俱樂部所必須完成的一些任務(wù)。這樣不但使得整節(jié)課成為了一個有機(jī)的整體，也增強(qiáng)了課堂的趣味性，更有利于同學(xué)們在欣賞中閱讀。 我們又充分研究每篇文章的重點(diǎn)。根據(jù)文章的不同特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了針對性的任務(wù)。第一篇短文，我們在閱讀中檢查同學(xué)們的一些基本嘗試的了解，以及對語言的感知和運(yùn)用能力。第二篇針對文中出現(xiàn)比較多的人物和介詞詞組，任務(wù)

36、重點(diǎn)考察對人物關(guān)系和介詞詞組的理解和掌握情況。并學(xué)會抓主要信息及詞語的學(xué)習(xí)策略，比較中西方習(xí)慣差異。第三篇短文設(shè)計(jì)的任務(wù)側(cè)重培養(yǎng)同學(xué)們對文中出現(xiàn)的信息進(jìn)行篩除處理的能力。并針對文章比較短的實(shí)際，又對文章進(jìn)行了一些拓展，利用聽力訓(xùn)練的形式進(jìn)一歩學(xué)習(xí)對信息進(jìn)行分析處理的能力。第四篇文章，在以前的閱讀欣賞課上，我們已經(jīng)用過。但當(dāng)時是八年的同學(xué)用的。而這次的對象是七年級的同學(xué)。針對七年級同學(xué)英語水平和理解能力的實(shí)際，我們在閱讀本文前設(shè)計(jì)了一個小游戲，準(zhǔn)備了三個相同的盒子，讓同學(xué)們用不同的辦法來判定玩具在哪個盒子里，這樣從很大程度上幫助同學(xué)們理解了weigh the cat的目的，從而達(dá)到對文章的理解。 市教委教研室陶主任在聽過這節(jié)課后，對這節(jié)課給予了充分的肯定。同時，也對今后的閱讀欣賞課提出了建設(shè)性的意見，使我們對閱讀欣賞有了清楚而正確的認(rèn)識。在我們以往的嘗試和探索中，雖然整節(jié)課設(shè)計(jì)較合理，但依然存在著一個很大的問題，沒有跳出一個以往英語教學(xué)的一個誤區(qū)：在一節(jié)課當(dāng)中想做、想完成的事情太多。通過她們的講評和點(diǎn)播，使得我們明白了一個非常重要的道理：全面培養(yǎng)同學(xué)們聽、說、讀、寫的