2014高考英語(yǔ)二輪課件 閱讀理解 專(zhuān)題3 推理判斷題（64張）

1、 第一篇專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解閱讀理解 第三節(jié)閱讀理解之推理判斷題第三節(jié)閱讀理解之推理判斷題 返回 .每日經(jīng)典諺語(yǔ)和句型背誦與仿寫(xiě) 1He who laughs last laughs best. 誰(shuí)笑在最后，誰(shuí)笑得最好。 2It makes no difference (to sb.) whclause 做并不重要，無(wú)關(guān)緊要，沒(méi)什么不同 返回 活學(xué)活用 仿照上述句型，翻譯下列句子。 (1)你做什么對(duì)我無(wú)關(guān)緊要。 _ _ (2)不管他去或是不去，對(duì)我都沒(méi)有影響。 _ It makes no difference to me what you do. It doesnt make any diffe

2、rence to me what you do. It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not. 返回 .閱讀理解之推理判斷題 所謂推斷，就是根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息， 推斷出未知的信息。即把有關(guān)的文字作為已知部分， 從中推斷出未知部分。據(jù)以推斷的有關(guān)文字可能是 詞或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。此類(lèi) 考題一般針對(duì)短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)，文章中 雖然沒(méi)有明確的答案，但考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上 可以進(jìn)行推理和判斷其答案。廣東卷中的推理判斷 題主要包括推斷隱含意思、推斷目標(biāo)讀 返回 者、推斷寫(xiě)法意圖等。但以推斷隱含意義的題居多。 推

3、斷隱含意義的題干中常含infer(推斷)，suggest(暗 示)，imply(暗示)，indicate(暗示)，conclude(推斷， 得出結(jié)論)等詞語(yǔ)。 解題技巧 既要求學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱 含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì) 節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去 考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。 返回 1解答這類(lèi)題的一般步驟是： (1)定位信息：通過(guò)尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)。 (2)字面理解：理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意義。 (3)深層理解：結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)， 在字面意義的 基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷， 從而理解作者的言外 之意。 返回 2選擇答案時(shí)， 注意排除以下干擾

4、項(xiàng)， 以便 縮小選擇范圍： (1)不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)，要嚴(yán)格 按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進(jìn)行推理； (2)推理的根據(jù)來(lái)自于上下文； (3)如果某選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)， 那它就不是推論，也就不是正確答案； 返回 (4)如果某選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻合，文 中卻沒(méi)有涉及，那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，也不是 正確答案； (5)如果某個(gè)選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到，但 很片面或很不完整，那也不是正確答案； (6)文中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(should, must, may, etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，這有助于我們確 定正確答案； 返回 (7)注意作者在文章中的措辭，比如

5、作者在形容 詞前用了too，excessively, rather則常帶有否定的口 氣； (8)某些過(guò)渡詞(例如：however, but, on the contrary, whats more)后面所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容往往能反映 作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。 3此外， 可采用主旨推斷法：在理解短文大 意， 明確文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上， 進(jìn)行推斷， 從而得 出符合情理的結(jié)論。 返回 4推理判斷型常見(jiàn)的命題方式有： (1)We can guess the writer of the letter may be a_. (2)We can infer from the text that_. (3)It can be

6、inferred from the text that _. (4)From the letters weve learned that its very _to know something about American social customs. 返回 (5)From the story we can guess_. (6)From the text we know that_. (7)What would happen if.? (8)The story/passage implies that_. (9)The paragraph following the passage wil

7、l most probably be_. (10)The writers attitude toward.is_. 返回 (11)The author implied(suggested)that. (12)It may be concluded from the passage that. (13)Which of the following statements does the passage support? (14)With which of the following does the author agree? (15)Where would this passage most

8、probably appear? (16)What is the tone (語(yǔ)氣)of the author? 返回 典型例析 The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包)and standing before my fulllength mirror, repeating the words, “Hello, class. Im Mr.Davis.” Sometimes I wo

9、uld give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true 返回 Mr.Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12yearold boy. 37What can we learn about the author from the Paragraph? AHe woul

10、d be aggressive in his first class. BHe was wellprepared for his first class. CHe got nervous upon the arrival of his first class. 返回 DHe waited long for the arrival of his first class. 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)本段中的“But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Davis was there.”和“I sounded

11、 not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12yearold boy.”可知 本題選C。 答案：C 返回 (2012年高考)It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a fourhourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was aga

12、inst feeding in the night.Ive never heard anything so ridiculous.Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the Mum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks. 返回 32What does the author think about Dr King? AHe is strict BH

13、e is unkind CHe has the wrong idea DHe sets a timetable for mothers 返回 解析：推理判斷題。由第三句“Ive never heard anything so ridiculous (荒謬可笑的)”以及本文 最后一句可知。 答案：C 返回 (2012年高考)One evening, I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses, and as usual I ran into something.“Im awfully sorry，” I sai

14、d and stepped forward only to run into it again.When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost.This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me.So I carried on and found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldnt stop unless pas

15、sengers 返回 wanted to get on or off.No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived. Generally in this situation, because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound.Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew a

16、way.In the end, I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help. 返回 39What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus? AOther vehicles also stopped there. BIt was unreliable for making judgments. CMore lorries than buses responded to the girl. DIt took too mu

17、ch time for the girl to catch the bus. 返回 解析：推理判斷題。由“Sometimes I would stop a big lorry”可知，靠聲音來(lái)判斷有時(shí)是靠不住 的。 答案：B 返回 (2013年高考).Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.“Its your turn，” he said. After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined

18、 a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times：about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life. 返回 39.What can be inferred about David? AHe recovered after months of treatment. BHe liked biking before he lost his family. CHe

19、went into university soon after starting to talk. DHe got friends in school before he met the author. 返回 解析：推理判斷題。從上面幾段的敘述，即從 Some months later至Now he had really started to live his own life可以推斷，David恢復(fù)了，故選A。選項(xiàng) B和D若正確，就會(huì)有朋友同David分擔(dān)悲傷了，也 就沒(méi)有必要來(lái)同作者下棋了，故可排除。 答案：A 返回 1When I was a teenager, my mothers b

20、roken English embarrassed me. But now, I see it differently. To me, my mothers English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expresse

21、d ideas, and made sense of the world. 返回 What does the author think of her mothers English now? AIt confuses her. BIt embarrasses her. CIt helps her understand the world. DIt helps her tolerate rude people. 返回 解析：由該段“But now, I see it differently. To me, .and made sense of the world”可知答案為C。 答案：C 返回

22、2When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldnt get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient a

23、nd angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. 返回 What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights? AThey speeded up to pass. BThey waited with patience. CThey tried their best to help. DThey put on their flashlights too. 返回 解析：推理判斷題。由該段中的“But instead of

24、getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak”可知 本題選B。 答案：B 返回 3Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we dont feel that way.But those are few and far between.More often, it would be better if we dont pretend we feel st

25、rong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared. In this passage, the author advises us to_. Ahandle problems by ourselves Baccept help from others 返回 Cadmit our weakness Dshow our bravery 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“More often, it would be better if we dont pretend we feel strong when

26、we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.”可知答案C項(xiàng)正確。 答案：C 返回 4However, it wasnt all sweetness and light.There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes.One reason for this is probably that s

27、ome of their body signals were just opposite.For example, when a cat turns its head away, it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission. Some cats and dogs may fight when_. 返回 Athey are cold to each other Bthey look away from each other Cthey misunderstood each others signals

28、Dthey are introduced at an early age 返回 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)該段中的“One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite.”一句可知答案C正確。 答案：C 返回 5The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets to people who dont get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work,

29、and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance. What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs? AWe should learn to live in harmony. 返回 BWe should know more about animals. CWe should live in peace with animals. DWe should learn more body langu

30、ages. 解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文不難判斷：貓狗 且能和諧相處，人類(lèi)有何不可？根據(jù)該段大意可知 本題選A。 答案：A 返回 6“Wait a minute，” someone might say, “are you talking about Mr.Davis the retired man, or Mr.Davis the respectable scholar？” 返回 The author took the job to teach writing because_. Ahe wanted to be respected Bhe had written some stories Ch

31、e wanted to please his father Dhe had dreamed of being a teacher 返回 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)該段中的“as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr.Davis.”一句可以推斷出本題選A。 答案：A 返回 7“All right then，” I said.“Okay, here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this momen

32、t.I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day.I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a forests of hands.Every student would yell, “Calm down, youll all get your turn.One at a time, one a

33、t a time！” 返回 A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment. The author chose the composition topic probably because_. Ahe got disappointed with his first class

34、 Bhe had prepared the topic before class 返回 Che wanted to calm down the students Dhe thought it was an easy topic 解析：推理判斷題。從第一段中的倒數(shù)第二句 和第三句到最后一段的“A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions.”可以看出作者很 失望。 答案：A 返回 8Generally in this situation, because I hated showing I was blind by

35、asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound.Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away.In the end, I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help. But on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop; It seemed that everyon

36、e had suddenly decided not to travel by bus.Of course I heard plenty of buses 返回 pass, or I thought I did.But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, I let them all go by.I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one.Then I gave up.I decided to walk on t

37、o the next stop. Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop, hoping _. Ato find people there 返回 Bto find more buses there Cto find the bus by herself there Dto find people more helpful there 返回 解析：推理判斷題。從“I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself”可知， 她本人不想攔車(chē)了，又由“managed

38、 to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help”可知，她是 決定找人幫忙了，而在本站沒(méi)有人，去下一站當(dāng)然 就是希望在那里可以找到人幫忙。 答案：A 返回 9Everyone in the class made a poster.Some of us used parts of those fancy paper napkins, while others used nothing but colored construction paper.Some of us used big designs, and some of us

39、 preferred to gather our art tidily down in one corner of our poster and let the space draw the viewers attention to it.Some of us would wander past the good students desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness.It was yet another grownup trick of the soil they seem

40、ed 返回 especially fond of making all of us believe we had a fair chance, and then alwaysalwaysrewarding the same old winners. I believe I drew a sailboat，but I cant say that with any certainty.I made it.I admired it.I determined it to be the very best of all of the posters I had seen, and then I turn

41、ed it in. Minutes passed. 返回 No one came along to give me the grand prize， and then someone distracted me, and I probably never would have thought about that poster again. We can infer from the passage that the author_. Aenjoyed grownup tricks very much B1oved poster competitions very much Cfelt sur

42、prised to win the competition Dbecame wise and rich after the competition 返回 解析：推理判斷題。由“alwaysalways rewarding the same old winners, I cant say that with any certainty”和“I probably never.”等可推斷出，作 者對(duì)得獎(jiǎng)還是驚訝的。 答案：C 返回 10I dont want to see anyone cut off from the expressive，personal associations that a

43、pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does.For many a biographer，part of really getting to know their subjects is learning to read their handwriting. According to the author，handwritten notes _. Aare harder to teach in schools 返回 Battract more attention Care used only between friends Dca

44、rry more message 解析：推理判斷題。由該段第一句“the expressive, personal associations that a pen still promotes better than a digital keyboard does”可知。 答案：D 返回 11What some people advocate is teaching one of the many attractive handwritings based on the handwriting of 16th century Italy. That may sound impossibly g

45、randas if they want kids to learn to draw by copying classical paintings. However, they have worked in many school systems. We can learn from the passage that the author_. Athinks it impossible to teach handwriting 返回 Bdoes not want to lose handwriting Cputs the blame on the computer Ddoes not agree

46、 with Florey 解析：推理判斷題。由該段段意可推知作者不 想讓handwriting失傳。 答案：B 返回 12Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love yourself. Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, youve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that were the apple of our parents eyes, and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. But s