(改)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、2021/3/101 2021/3/103 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系 have been 與與have gone 比較比較 與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較 2021/3/104 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成 have (hashave (has）+ + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 2021/3/105 Mother: John, clean your teeth please. John: Mum, I them. 2021

2、/3/106 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型： 肯定式：肯定式：主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞. 疑問(wèn)式：疑問(wèn)式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞? 否定式否定式: 主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + not + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞. I them. you them? I them yet. 2021/3/107 動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that alreadyalr

3、eady. . When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it We _(do) it an hour agoan hour ago. . 2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yetyet? Yes.? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it He _ it last weeklast week. . 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times

4、_you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleaned have donehave done diddiddodo diddid HasHasseenseen diddidseesee sawsaw havehavebeenbeen 2021/3/108 4. I _ (read) the novel twice. It4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.s interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasn5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.

5、t she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air. 6. 6. So farSo far, many countries _(develop) , many countries _(develop) their software programs. their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast

6、year. . 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last yearsince last year. . have readhave read has gonehas gone diddidgogo wentwent have developedhave developed gavegave has givenhas given 2021/3/109 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法 - Its so dark.- Its so dark. -Someone -Someone has turn

7、ed offhas turned off the light. the light. (有人剛把燈關(guān)了有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑現(xiàn)在很黑) -Are you free?-Are you free? -I -I have finishedhave finished my homework. I am free my homework. I am free ( (我已我已經(jīng)經(jīng)完成了家庭作完成了家庭作業(yè)業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很有空現(xiàn)在很有空) 1. 1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)

8、果。 2021/3/1010 2. 2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了, , 一直持續(xù)到一直持續(xù)到 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在，還有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。往往和包括現(xiàn)在在，還有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。往往和包括現(xiàn)在在 內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如： recently,already,just,lately,for,since,yetrecently,already,just,lately,for,since,yet等。例等。例 如：如： I havent heard from her these days.I havent heard from her these

9、days. 這些日子我沒(méi)有收到她的信。這些日子我沒(méi)有收到她的信。 We havent seenWe havent seen Jim Jim recently. recently. 最近我們沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到吉姆。最近我們沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到吉姆。 2021/3/1011 1）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng)往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng) 調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。 He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了。 Has he already left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開(kāi)這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣） My tea

10、chers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒(méi)有吃早飯。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過(guò)信了嗎？ 2021/3/1012 2） yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “還還(沒(méi)有沒(méi)有)” 疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句: 句末句末 “己經(jīng)己經(jīng)” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet? 2021/3/1013 3） just表示表示“剛剛剛剛”（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，與already， nev

11、er 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞have/has和動(dòng)詞過(guò)和動(dòng)詞過(guò) 去分詞之間）去分詞之間） He has just come back. 他剛剛回來(lái)。 They have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成那項(xiàng)工作。 2021/3/1014 3.3.表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從表示人曾有過(guò)或到目前為止從 未有過(guò)的未有過(guò)的經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷. . I I have have ever ever beenbeen to the Summer Palace? to the Summer Palace? (我曾去過(guò)頤和園我曾去過(guò)頤和園) I I have

12、have never never had had a car.a car. (我從未有過(guò)汽車。我從未有過(guò)汽車。) 2021/3/1015 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 常與常與1）already, already, 2）just, just, 3）yet, yet, 4）before, before, 5）up to now, up to now, 6）so far, so far, 7）for ten yearsfor ten years 8）these days, these days, 9）since since 10）for a long time for a long t

13、ime 連用連用 2021/3/1016 I I have learnthave learnt English for more than English for more than ten years. ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。多年的英語(yǔ)。 (從從10年前開(kāi)始年前開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí) (半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始游泳半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游到現(xiàn)在還在游) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法 2.2.表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從表

14、示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始已經(jīng)開(kāi)始, , 一直持續(xù)一直持續(xù) 到，還有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。常與到，還有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。常與since + since + 過(guò)過(guò) 去的去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + for + 時(shí)間段，時(shí)間段，so far so far 等時(shí)間狀等時(shí)間狀 語(yǔ)連用。語(yǔ)連用。 2021/3/1017 1.for + Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He has studied English for 3 years. 一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 2021/3/1018 2. since + 從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí)) 單詞 詞組 (表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)

15、Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000. 2021/3/1019 since: (自自以來(lái)以來(lái)) 1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn) He has stayed here since 5 oclock. 2)since+ 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段+ ago He has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 從句從句 She has taught English since he came

16、 here. for: (長(zhǎng)達(dá)長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久多久） for+ 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks. since , for 的用法的用法: Take notes 2021/3/1020 注1): 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)，必須用how long, 決 不能用when. Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here? She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here? 2021/3

17、/1021 選用選用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: : 1.We haven1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.t seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.M

18、r Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years. 6. It6. Its five years _ we met last time.s five years _ we met last time. forfor sincesince forfor sincesinc

19、e forfor sincesince 2021/3/1022 短暫性動(dòng)詞與 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn) 換 2021/3/1023 leave- come/go (to) - arrive (at/in)- get (to)- reach- buy- borrow- finish- join- start/begin- die- close- open- return- marry- become- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at) have keep be over be in/be a/an be on be dea

20、d be closed be open be back be married be 2021/3/1024 短暫性短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系 短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)不能與時(shí) 間段連用間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：，這些動(dòng)詞是： 等。等。 為了表述這種意思為了表述這種意思, ,我們常用相應(yīng)的我們常用相應(yīng)的 來(lái)替換短暫性動(dòng)詞。來(lái)替換短暫性動(dòng)詞。 2021/3/1025 但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與 時(shí)間段連用。時(shí)間段連用。 如：如：I havenI havent bought the bike for a t bou

21、ght the bike for a year. year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。我買這輛自行車還不到一年。 She hasnShe hasnt come here for an hour. t come here for an hour. 她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。 2021/3/1026 翻翻 譯譯 練練 習(xí)：習(xí)： 1. 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。我買了這塊手表五年了。 2. 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。 I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years. this watch fo

22、r five years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five years/ five years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years. The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago

23、.years ago. F F 2021/3/1027 3.3.他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。 4. 4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。 5. 5.我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。我離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/ 3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago. . He He has come herehas come here since 6 ocloc

24、k. since 6 oclock. He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years. years. F F F 2021/3/1028 have been 與have gone 的用法比較 have been to

25、意思是意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)到過(guò)，去過(guò)”，表示，表示曾曾 經(jīng)到過(guò)某處經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。 （去過(guò)已回去過(guò)已回） have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已經(jīng)去了已經(jīng)去了 某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。 （去而未歸去而未歸） have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了呆在某處一段時(shí)間了” 2021/3/1029 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去過(guò)南京嗎？她曾去過(guò)南京嗎？ I have been

26、 to Guiling ,I went there I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. last year. 我去過(guò)桂林，我去年去的。我去過(guò)桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了。她已經(jīng)去南京了。 2021/3/1030 用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空 Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the nort

27、h for half a year.for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop. _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days? Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several da

28、ys. Yes, he _ here for several days. Where is Peter? I dont know where he Where is Peter? I dont know where he _._. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. is looking for you. have been in has gone to have been Have been has been has gone to have been 2021/3

29、/1031 與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較 一一. .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò) 去的事情，去的事情， ; ;而而 一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只講述講述發(fā)生在過(guò)去發(fā)生在過(guò)去 的動(dòng)作和事情的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。 2021/3/1032 eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過(guò)一本英漢字典。他曾買過(guò)一本英漢字典。 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：第一句

30、用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has ithe still has it” “過(guò)去他買了一本英漢字典，過(guò)去他買了一本英漢字典， 現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。 第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買過(guò)一本英漢字第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買過(guò)一本英漢字 典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說(shuō)明。調(diào)說(shuō)明。 2021/3/1033 四四) It is

31、 +時(shí)間段時(shí)間段 +since+句子句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)) （自從（自從.以來(lái)已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了）以來(lái)已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了） =一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間+has passed +since + 句子句子(一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army. 2021/3/1034 三常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的三常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的 表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ): : yesterdayyesterday( (昨天昨天), ), the day before yesterday(the day before yesterday(前天前天), ), just now(just now(剛才剛才) )， 時(shí)間時(shí)間+ + agoago, , lastlast + +時(shí)間時(shí)間 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week . 2021/3/1036 The house i