賓語從句 (4)

1、Object clauses 賓語從句賓語從句 一、賓語從句的概念一、賓語從句的概念 在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句賓語從句。 We know that Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right. 二、賓語從句三要素二、賓語從句三要素 引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞） 語語 序序 時(shí)時(shí) 態(tài)態(tài) 1. I hear (that) _. 2. He said (that) _. 3. The teacher told us (that) _ _. he will be back i

2、n an hour he missed us very much the earth moves 由由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 注：注：that 在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不充在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不充 當(dāng)成分，在口語當(dāng)中往往省略。當(dāng)成分，在口語當(dāng)中往往省略。 around the sun Object clauses with that 連詞連詞that不能省略的幾種情況不能省略的幾種情況 在由在由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，由于連詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，由于連詞that 只起引導(dǎo)功能，無具體意義，不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成份，只起引導(dǎo)功能，無具體意義，不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成份， 因此在口語或非正式的文體

3、中?？墒÷?。然而，因此在口語或非正式的文體中?？墒÷浴Ｈ欢?， 大凡規(guī)則總有例外的情況，在下列大凡規(guī)則總有例外的情況，在下列that引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的 賓語從句中，賓語從句中，that則不能省略。則不能省略。 1. 從句的主語是從句的主語是that。如：。如： He says that that is a real kings hat. 他說那是一個(gè)真的王冠。他說那是一個(gè)真的王冠。 2. that從句中含有主從復(fù)合句。如：從句中含有主從復(fù)合句。如： Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. 3. 主、從句之間有插入語時(shí)。如：主、從句之間

4、有插入語時(shí)。如： It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays. 卡片上寫著，它是古代演戲用的?？ㄆ蠈懼?，它是古代演戲用的。 4. 若出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩上以上的由若出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩上以上的由that引導(dǎo)的賓引導(dǎo)的賓 語從句，且由并列連詞連接時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)語從句，且由并列連詞連接時(shí)，只有第一個(gè) 連詞連詞that可以省略。如：可以省略。如： She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son. 她說她要來，還要帶她的兒子來。她說她要來，還要帶她的兒子來。 1.

5、 These planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars. 2. Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars. 3. People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier. 4. We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system. 5. The journey to Mar

6、s could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light. 6. Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable. Which of the following sentences has an object clause? . if和和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，作引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，作“是否是否” 講，一般情況下，二者沒有區(qū)別，可以換用。講，一般情況下，

7、二者沒有區(qū)別，可以換用。 但但if常用于口語中，常用于口語中，whether比較正式。如：比較正式。如： Millie asked if / whether he liked this sweater. 米莉問他是否喜歡這件毛衣。米莉問他是否喜歡這件毛衣。 The fisherman wants to know if / whether it will rain. 漁民想知道天是否會(huì)下雨。漁民想知道天是否會(huì)下雨。 Object clauses with if and whether 由由if / whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 . if和和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，要注意賓語引

8、導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，要注意賓語 從句三要素，即連詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。由于從句三要素，即連詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。由于if和和 whether連接的是一般疑問句，因此要注意把連接的是一般疑問句，因此要注意把 從句語序改為陳述句語序。如：從句語序改為陳述句語序。如： Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me? Could you tell me if / whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208? . if和和whether的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 二者在下列幾種情況下不能換用：二者在下列幾種情況下不能換用： 1. 賓語從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，應(yīng)

9、用賓語從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，應(yīng)用 whether，不用，不用if。如：。如： Whether this is true or not, I cant say. 這是否對，我不能說。這是否對，我不能說。 2. 賓語從句與賓語從句與or not直接連用時(shí)，應(yīng)用直接連用時(shí)，應(yīng)用 whether，不能用，不能用if。如：。如： I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否來。我不知道他明天是否來。 3. 與動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)，只能用與動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)，只能用whether。如：。如： She cant decide whethe

10、r to go to America. 她不能決定是否去美國。她不能決定是否去美國。 4. 從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，只能用從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，只能用whether。如：。如： I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. 我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。 5. 賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，只能用賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，只能用 if，不能用，不能用whether。如：。如： Tom wants to know if she wont come here tomorrow. 湯姆想知道她明天是否不來這兒。湯姆想知道她明天是否不來這兒。 6.

11、 if意為意為“假如，如果假如，如果”時(shí)，可以引導(dǎo)條件狀時(shí)，可以引導(dǎo)條件狀 語從句，而語從句，而whether沒有這個(gè)用法。如：沒有這個(gè)用法。如： If Simon comes here tomorrow, Ill call you. 假如西蒙明天來這兒，我將打電話告訴你。假如西蒙明天來這兒，我將打電話告訴你。 1. 若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用任何所需時(shí)若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用任何所需時(shí) 態(tài)。如：態(tài)。如： He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home. 他想知道他們回家旅途是否愉快。他想知道他們回家旅途是否愉快。 She

12、 says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她說她從周一至周五上班。（從句是她說她從周一至周五上班。（從句是 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)） She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她說她要在他桌子上留個(gè)便條。她說她要在他桌子上留個(gè)便條。 （從句是一般將來時(shí)）（從句是一般將來時(shí)） She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她說她從來沒有去過峨嵋山。她說她從來沒有去過峨嵋山。 （從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）（從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） 2. 若主句

13、是一般過去時(shí)，從句則用跟過去相若主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句則用跟過去相 關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)、關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)為 過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)。過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)。 Did the train leave? She didnt know. She didnt know if / whether the train had left. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)一般

14、過去時(shí) 過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí) He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他說昨天下午沒有課。他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是從句是 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)) He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他說他會(huì)去照看這個(gè)嬰兒。他說他會(huì)去照看這個(gè)嬰兒。 (從從 句是過去將來時(shí)句是過去將來時(shí)) He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他說他們那時(shí)

15、正在開會(huì)。他說他們那時(shí)正在開會(huì)。 (從從 句是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)句是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)) 1. 從句表達(dá)的是客觀真理從句表達(dá)的是客觀真理, 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 2. 從句中有明確表示過去時(shí)間的詞從句中有明確表示過去時(shí)間的詞,則從句依則從句依 然是一般過去時(shí)然是一般過去時(shí) The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. He wondered if you studied in the USA in 1990. 主句時(shí)態(tài)主句時(shí)態(tài)從句時(shí)態(tài)從句時(shí)態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般 將來時(shí)、祈使句時(shí)將來時(shí)、祈使句時(shí) 根據(jù)句意的需要用任意一根據(jù)

16、句意的需要用任意一 種時(shí)態(tài)種時(shí)態(tài) 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) 與原句相對應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)與原句相對應(yīng)的過去的時(shí) 態(tài)態(tài) 客觀事實(shí)、真理、客觀事實(shí)、真理、 自然現(xiàn)象、名言警自然現(xiàn)象、名言警 句、諺語等句、諺語等 一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 學(xué)習(xí)賓從三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語序和連詞。學(xué)習(xí)賓從三注意，時(shí)態(tài)語序和連詞。 時(shí)態(tài)主從要呼應(yīng)：時(shí)態(tài)主從要呼應(yīng)： 主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)隨句意；主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)隨句意； 主句若為過去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)變過去；主句若為過去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)變過去； 賓從若是表真理，時(shí)態(tài)不變無質(zhì)疑。賓從若是表真理，時(shí)態(tài)不變無質(zhì)疑。 語序要用陳述序，切莫照搬疑問句。語序要用陳述序，切莫照搬疑問句。 Th

17、at 連接陳述句，省與不省要注意。連接陳述句，省與不省要注意。 從句若表從句若表“是否是否”時(shí)，時(shí)，if / whether要慎記。要慎記。 特殊問句作賓語，仍用原來疑問詞。特殊問句作賓語，仍用原來疑問詞。 三個(gè)問題需牢記，切莫丟東忘了西。三個(gè)問題需牢記，切莫丟東忘了西。 1. I dont know if Mr. Wang _ on a field trip. If he _ on a field trip tomorrow, please call me. A. goes; will go B. will go; goes C. will go; will go D. goes; goes

18、 2. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it B B Choose the right answers. 3. They wondered if the teacher _ us English the next term. A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taught 4. The boy asked _ any noise from outside. A. whe

19、ther had I heard B. whether I had heard C. whether have I heard D. whether I have heard A B 5. I havent decide _ Ill go out or stay at home. A. if B. when C. why D. whether 6. I want to know _ he loves you. A. that B. what C. if D. who D C 7. I wondered _ our teacher was going to attend our party. A

20、. whether B. what C. where D. that 8. Id like to know _ or not. A. whether will he come B. whether has he come C. whether he will come D. if he will come A C 根據(jù)漢語句子的意思完成下列英語句子。根據(jù)漢語句子的意思完成下列英語句子。 1. 我認(rèn)為瑪麗不來了。我認(rèn)為瑪麗不來了。 I dont think Mary _ _. 2. 山姆給我說他準(zhǔn)備去上海。山姆給我說他準(zhǔn)備去上海。 Sam told me that he _ _ for Shan

21、ghai. 3.我想知道今天晚上還有沒有去北京的火車。我想知道今天晚上還有沒有去北京的火車。 I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing tonight. will come was leaving if / whether 改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句 1. Will the train arrive on time? I want to know. I want to know _ the train _ on time. 2. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to kno

22、w. Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday. will arrive if / whether came if / whether 1. 我們不知道我們能否在火星上種植植物。我們不知道我們能否在火星上種植植物。 We are wondering _ _ on Mars. 2. 你能告訴我是不是有許多人打算搬到火星你能告訴我是不是有許多人打算搬到火星 上去嗎？上去嗎？ Could you tell me _ _ to Mars? whether / if we can if / whether many people are going to

23、 move grow plants Complete the sentences. 3. 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。 I dont know _ any washing at home. 4. 我擔(dān)心是否傷害了她的感情。我擔(dān)心是否傷害了她的感情。 I am worried about _ _. whether or not he does whether I hurt her feelings 1. Uncle Wang came up to see _ there was anything wrong with the machine. 2. The shop ke

24、eper asked my father _ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree. if / whether whether 3. I dont know _ to go or stay. 4. _ that is true, what should we do? whether If 5. _ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell. Whether Complete the sentences with if / whether. ( )

25、1. I wonder _. Im afraid well be late. (2011山東青島山東青島) A. how we can be on time B. what we are going to do C. why we get to school late D. if we will arrive at the meeting on time 中考鏈接中考鏈接 D ( )2. Well plant trees tomorrow, and I dont know _ Tom will come and join us. (2011天天 津津) A. if B. which C. wh

26、at D. where A ( )3. Do you know _ tomorrow? Sorry, I dont know. You may surf the Internet. (2011湖南湘潭湖南湘潭) A. whether will it rain B. if it will rain C. whether does it rain B ( )4.Mum, can we go to the art museum tomorrow? Sure. But first we should find out _. (2011廣西南寧市廣西南寧市) A. what can we do B. w

27、here we can go C. how can we go there D. if it will be open D ( )5. We dont know _ the meeting will be held soon. (2011內(nèi)蒙古包頭內(nèi)蒙古包頭) A. when B. what C. whether D. since C ( )5. Mary, could you tell me if your mother _ our school sports meeting tomorrow? I think she will come to school if she _ free. (

28、2011山東濱州山東濱州) A. will take part in; will be B. takes part in; is C. will take part in; is D. takes part in; will be C ( )6. Do you know _ Guangzhou tomorrow? (2011肇慶肇慶) A. whether they leave for B. whether will they leave for C. whether they are leaving for C ( )7. Ive decided to go to London next w

29、eekend. I was wondering _ you could go with me. (2011江西省江西省) A. if B. when C. that D. where A ( )8.Do you think _ Xiao Ming can pass the high school entrance exam or not? Sorry, Ive no idea. (2011廣西百色廣西百色) A. that B. which C. if D. whether D ( )9. He said that light _ much faster than sound. (2011山東

30、棗莊山東棗莊) A. has travelled B. went C. travels D. travelled C ( ) 10. Over these years I have had a new understanding of _ people traditionally call a perfect person. (2012江蘇淮安江蘇淮安) A. how B. what C. who D. whom A ( ) 11. Can you tell me _ in the future? (2012江蘇宿遷江蘇宿遷) A. how life will be like B. how w

31、ill life be like C. what life will be like D. what will life be like C ( ) 12. Do you know _? At the end of July. (2012江蘇連云港江蘇連云港) A. how soon is your sister running back home B. how often Nancy from her pen friend C. when the London Olympic Games will be held D. when will the new computer game come out C ( ) 13. -Peter, is there anything else you want to know about China? -Yes, I am still wondering _. (2012江蘇江蘇 南京南京) A. how is Chinese paper cut made B. how was the G