高中化學魯科版選修四試題：3.3.2《沉淀反應的應用》隨堂練習（學生版） Word版含解析

1、3.3.2沉淀反應的應用隨堂練習（學生版）1在baso4飽和溶液中加入少量bacl2溶液時產生沉淀，若以ksp表示baso4的溶度積常數(shù)，則平衡后溶液中()aba2so(ksp)bba2soksp，ba2socba2soksp，ba2sodba2soksp，ba2so2為了除去mgcl2的酸性溶液中的fe3，可在加熱條件下加入一種試劑，過濾后再加入一定量的鹽酸，這種試劑是()anh3h2o bnaoh cna2co3 dmgco33自然界地表層原生銅的硫化物經氧化、淋濾作用后變成cuso4溶液，向地下深層滲透，遇到難溶的zns或pbs，慢慢轉變?yōu)殂~藍(cus)。下列分析正確的是()來源%:中國

2、教育出版#*網acus的溶解度大于pbs的溶解度b原生銅的硫化物具有還原性，而銅藍沒有還原性ccuso4與zns反應的離子方程式是cu2s2=cusd整個過程涉及的反應類型有氧化還原反應和復分解反應4難溶電解質在水溶液中存在著電離平衡。在常溫下，溶液里各離子濃度以它們化學計量數(shù)為方次的乘積是一個常數(shù)，叫溶度積常數(shù)(ksp)。例如：cu(oh)2(s)cu2(aq)2oh，kspcu2oh221020 mol3l3。當溶液中各離子濃度方次的乘積大于溶度積時，則產生沉淀，反之固體溶解。(1)某cuso4溶液里cu20.02 moll1，如要生成cu(oh)2沉淀，應調整溶液的ph，使之大于_。(2

3、)要使0.2 moll1 cuso4溶液中cu2沉淀較為完全(使cu2濃度降至原來的千分之一)，則應向溶液里加入naoh溶液，使溶液ph為_。5.某溫度下，fe(oh)3(s)、cu(oh)2(s)分別在溶液中達到沉淀溶解平衡后，改變溶液ph，金屬陽離子濃度的變化如圖所示。據(jù)圖分析，下列判斷錯誤的是() akspfe(oh)3kspcu(oh)2b加適量nh4cl固體可使溶液由a點變到b點cc、d兩點代表的溶液中h與oh乘積相等中#國*&教育出版網dfe(oh)3、cu(oh)2分別在b、c兩點代表的溶液中達到飽和6已知難溶電解質在水溶液中存在溶解平衡：www.zz#step%.commman

4、(s)mmn(aq)nam(aq)kspmnmamn，稱為溶度積。來源:中國*&教育出版網#某學習小組欲探究caso4沉淀轉化為caco3沉淀的可能性，查得如下資料：(25)難溶電解質caco3caso4mgco3mg(oh)2ksp2.8109mol2l29.1106mol2l26.8106mol2l21.81012mol3l3實驗步驟如下：往100 ml 0.1 moll1的cacl2溶液中加入100 ml 0.1 moll1的na2so4溶液，立即有白色沉淀生成。向上述懸濁液中加入固體na2co3 3 g，攪拌，靜置，沉淀后棄去上層清液。再加入蒸餾水攪拌，靜置，沉淀后再棄去上層清液。_。

5、(1)由題中信息知ksp越大，表示電解質的溶解度越_(填“大”或“小”)。(2)寫出第步發(fā)生反應的化學方程式：_。(3)設計第步的目的是_。www.&zz*%#（4）請補充第步操作及發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象：_。7已知ksp(agcl)1.81010 mol2l2，ksp(ag2cro4)1.91012 mol3l3，現(xiàn)在向0.001 moll1 k2cro4和0.01 moll1 kcl混合液中滴加0.01 moll1 agno3溶液，通過計算回答：中&國教育出版*#%網(1)cl、cro誰先沉淀？(2)剛出現(xiàn)ag2cro4沉淀時，溶液中cl濃度是多少？(設混合溶液在反應中體積不變)c29c91afe4c

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