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1、Lesson 3 Shipbuilding Contents: 1. Vocabulary and Sentence 2. Vocabulary summary 3. Exercise e.g. (P32-1-2) shipyard 船廠 Building a ship is a complex process involving the many departments of the shipbuilding organization, the arrangement and use of shipyard facilities and the many skills of the vari

2、ous personnel involved. 造船是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過程,它包括造船企業(yè) 的很多的部門,船廠設(shè)備的安排和應(yīng)用以 及所涉及的各種人員的許多技能。 造船企業(yè)造船企業(yè) 一、一、Vocabulary and Sentence e.g. (P32-1-3) shipyard layout 船廠布置 Those departments directly involved in the construction, the shipyard layout, material movement and the equipment used will be examined in turn. 這些部門

3、直接包括了建造、船廠布置、材 料移動(dòng)和所用設(shè)備的輪流檢修。 船廠布置船廠布置 e.g. (P32-2-1) Classification society 船級社 The main function of the shipyards design and drawing office is to produce the working drawing to satisfy the owners requirement, the rules of the classification societies and the shipyards usual building practices. 船廠設(shè)

4、計(jì)室以及繪圖室的主要功能就是繪制施工圖 來滿足船東的要求,船級社的規(guī)范以及船廠通常的 建造實(shí)際。 繪圖室繪圖室 施工圖施工圖 e.g. (P32-2-3) steelwork outfitting 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)舾裝 A secondary, but nevertheless important, function is to provide information to the production planning and control departments, the purchasing departments, etc., to enable steelwork outfitting an

5、d machinery items to be ordered and delivered to satisfy the building programme for the ship. 但同等重要但同等重要 采購部門采購部門 機(jī)械零件機(jī)械零件 e.g. (P32-3-1) lines plan 型線圖 moulded dimensions 型尺度 Closely following the basic design drawings will be the production of the lines plan. This plan is a scale drawing of the mo

6、ulded dimensions of the ship in plan, profile and section. 緊隨著基本設(shè)計(jì)圖的就是型線圖的繪制。型線圖 是船舶型線、輪廓和剖面的型尺度的縮尺圖。 e.g. (P32-3-3) forward (after) perpendicular 首(尾)垂柱 station 站號 The ships length between the forward and after perpendiculars is divided into ten equally spaced divisions or stations numbered 1 to 10

7、. Transverse sections of the ship at the various stations are drawn to give a drawing known as the body plan. 船舶的垂線間長被分為空間相等的份數(shù)或者稱為 站,編號為1到10。船舶在不同站號的橫剖面被 繪制成橫剖面圖。 e.g. (P32-3-6) Since the vessel is symmetrical, half-sections are given. The stations 0 to 5 representing the after half of the ship sho

8、wn on the left side of the body plan with the forward sections shown on the right. 由于船舶是對稱的,因此只給出了半個(gè)剖面。 代 表了船的后半部分的0到5站顯示在橫剖面圖的左 側(cè),船體的前半部分顯示在右側(cè)。 對稱的對稱的 e.g. (P32-3-9) profile or sheer plan 縱剖面圖 waterline 水線 sheer 舷弧 The profile or sheer plan shows the general outline of the ship, any sheer of the de

9、cks, the deck positions and all the waterlines. 縱剖面圖顯示的是船舶的總的輪廓,甲板 舷弧,甲板位置和所有的水線。 e.g. (P32-3-10 ) For clarity, the deck positions have been omitted from Fig.3.1 and only three waterlines are shown. The various stations are also drawn on this view. Additional stations may be used at the fore and aft

10、 ends, where the section change is considerable. e.g. (P32-3-13) half-breadth plan 半寬水線圖 keel 龍骨 The half-breadth plan shows the shape of the waterlines and the decks formed by horizontal planes at the various waterline heights from the keel. This plan is usually superimposed upon the profile or she

11、er plan, as shown in Fig.3.1. 半寬水線圖表示的是水線的形狀和由距龍骨不同 高度的水線的水平面所形成的甲板。這個(gè)圖通常 和縱剖面圖疊加在一起,如圖3.1所示。 疊疊 加加 e.g. (P32-4-1) fairness 光順 The initial lines plan is drawn for the design and then checked for fairness. To be fair all the curved lines must run evenly and smoothly. 最初的型線圖是為了設(shè)計(jì)而繪制的,然后 再檢查光順性。為了達(dá)到光順,

12、所有的曲 線必須走向均勻、光滑。 e.g. (P32-4-3) loftsman 放樣工放樣工 There must also be exact correspondence between dimensions shown for a particular point in all the three different views. The fairing operation, once the exclusive province of a skilled loftsman, is now largely accomplished by computer programs. 對以一個(gè)特殊

13、點(diǎn)在所有的三個(gè)不同的視圖顯示的 尺寸之間必須要完全一致。過去由有技術(shù)的放樣 工獨(dú)家提供的放樣操作,現(xiàn)在是有計(jì)算機(jī)程序來 完成。 獨(dú)家的獨(dú)家的 e.g. (P34-1-1) table of offsets 型值表 Once faired, the final lines plan is prepared and a table of offsets is compiled for use in producing the ships plates and frames. 光順之后,確定了最終的型線圖,編譯型 值表用來生產(chǎn)船舶的外板以及骨架。 e.g. (P2-5-1) unit 單元 The

14、traditional practice of drawing plans according to structural areas such as the shell, deck, the double-bottom framing, etc, is inconvenient in many cases since the ship is nowadays built up of large prefabricated units. A unit may consist of shell plating, some framing and part of deck. 預(yù)制的預(yù)制的 e.g.

15、 (P34-2-4) shell expansion 外板展開外板展開 plan 圖,平面圖 An expansion of a ships shell is given in Fig.3.2, showing the positions of the various units. Plans are therefore drawn in relation to units and contain all the information required to build a particular unit. 圖3.2給出了船體的外板展開圖,圖中顯示了各個(gè) 單元的位置。因此,圖紙的繪制是和單元

16、相關(guān)的 并包含了需要建造一個(gè)特定單元的所有信息。 e.g. (P34-2-7) classification society 船級社 A number of traditional plans are still produced for classification society purposes, future maintenance and reference, but without the wealth of manufacturing information which is only needed on the unit plans. 一些傳統(tǒng)的圖紙仍然為了船級社的要求,將來的

17、 維修和參考而繪制的,但是這些圖紙沒有只針對 單元圖的制造信息。 e.g. (P34-3-1) chart 圖表 assembly 裝配 erection 裝配 The planning and production control departments require drawing information to compile charts for monitoring progress, compiling programmes, producing programmes for material delivery, parts production and assembly and

18、finally unit production and erection. 設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)控制部門需要繪圖信息來編制檢測進(jìn) 展,程序編譯,材料配送的生產(chǎn)程序,小部件的 生產(chǎn)和裝配以及最后單元的生產(chǎn)和裝配。 e.g. (P36-1-2) steel ordering 鋼材預(yù)定 The steel ordering is a key function in the production process, requiring involvement with the drawing office, planning departments, production departments and the

19、steel supplier. The monitoring and control of stock is also important, since the steel material for a ship is a substantial part of a ships final cost. 重要的重要的 e.g. (P36-2-1) loft 放樣放樣 mould loft (型線型線)放樣間、放樣臺(tái)放樣間、放樣臺(tái) The mould loft is a large covered area with a wooden floor upon which the ships deta

20、ils are drawn to full size or some smaller more convenient scale. 放樣臺(tái)是一個(gè)大的木地板的覆蓋區(qū)域,在放樣臺(tái) 上全尺度或更加方便的小尺度來繪制船舶的細(xì)節(jié) 圖。 e.g. (P36-2-3) template 樣板樣板 mock-up 樣箱樣箱 Much of the traditional loft work is now done by computer but some specialist areas still require wooden templates to be made, mock-ups to be con

21、structed, etc. 大部分傳統(tǒng)的放樣工作現(xiàn)在由計(jì)算機(jī)來完 成,但有一些特殊的區(qū)域仍需要制作木質(zhì) 的樣板和樣箱等。 e.g. (P36-3-5) joiner 木工 butt 對接縫對接縫 seam 焊縫焊縫 Once the ships lines are checked and fair, a half-block model is constructed by joiners usually to about 1/50th scale. This model has the exact lines of the ship and is used to mark out the a

22、ctual plates on the shell, giving all the positions of the butts and seams. 一旦船體的型線被檢查和光順后,木工通常按照 大約1/50的縮尺比來建造半個(gè)模型。該模型具有 船體的正確的型線,并在船殼上標(biāo)注出正確的外 板,給出所有對接縫和焊縫的位置。 e.g. (P36-4-1) scrieve board 劃線板、刻線板 The loftsman can now produce templates for marking, cutting and bending the actual plates using the fu

23、ll-size scrieve board marking in conjunction with the plate positions from the model. 現(xiàn)在放樣工就可以用全尺度的刻線板結(jié)合 標(biāo)記與從模型中板的位置為標(biāo)注、切割和 彎曲實(shí)際的板材來制作樣板。 一起、共同一起、共同 e.g.(P38-1-6) punched tape 穿孔紙帶 magnetic tape 磁帶 flow chart 流程圖 A final punched or magnetic tape is produced which is used for the operation of the num

24、erically controlled machine. This process is illustrated by a simple flow chart in Fig.3.4. 生產(chǎn)用于數(shù)控機(jī)器操作的最終的穿孔紙帶或磁帶。 這個(gè)過程在圖3.4中由一個(gè)簡單的流程圖來說明。 說明說明 e.g.(P38-2-1) shipyard layout 船廠布置 outfitting 舾裝舾裝 The shipyard layout is arranged to provide a logical ordered flow of materials and equipment towards the

25、final unit build-up, erection and outfitting of the ship. The various production stages are arranged in work areas or shop and, as far as practicable in modern yards, take place under cover. e.g.(P38-4-4) bending rolls 彎板機(jī)彎板機(jī) press 壓力機(jī)壓力機(jī) cold frame bender 肋骨冷彎機(jī)肋骨冷彎機(jī) Various shaping operations now t

26、ake place using plate bending rolls, presses, cold frame benders, etc., as necessary. 各種整形的操作現(xiàn)在必要時(shí)都是由彎板機(jī), 壓力機(jī)和肋骨冷彎機(jī)來完成。 e.g.(P39-1-1) overhead travelling crane 橋式移動(dòng)起重機(jī) vacuum lift cranes 真空吊車真空吊車 magnetic cranes 電磁起重機(jī)電磁起重機(jī) roller conveyors 滾柱式輸送機(jī)滾柱式輸送機(jī) fork-lift equipment 叉式起重設(shè)備叉式起重設(shè)備 The material t

27、ransfer before, during and after the various processes in shipbuilding utilises many handling appliances, such as overhead travelling cranes, vacuum lift cranes or magnetic cranes, roller conveyors, fork-lift equipment, etc. 以前的材料的調(diào)撥,在船舶建造期間和之后的各種 過程中,都是用許多的處理設(shè)備完成,比如橋式移 動(dòng)起重機(jī),真空吊車或電磁起重機(jī),滾柱式輸送機(jī), 叉式起重設(shè)

28、備等。 Translating the following sentences in English. J我想去技術(shù)科要一份這種圖紙。我想去技術(shù)科要一份這種圖紙。 J我們在拋丸后要對鋼板涂覆車間底漆。我們在拋丸后要對鋼板涂覆車間底漆。 J浮性指船舶在一定裝載下保持正浮的能浮性指船舶在一定裝載下保持正浮的能 力。力。 J我們利用壓縮空氣來檢驗(yàn)水密性。我們利用壓縮空氣來檢驗(yàn)水密性。 J外板承受不同強(qiáng)度的外力,因此,板厚外板承受不同強(qiáng)度的外力,因此,板厚 會(huì)隨受力的不同而變化。會(huì)隨受力的不同而變化。 三、三、 Exercise J我們廠想進(jìn)口一些先進(jìn)的加工設(shè)備,如:我們廠想進(jìn)口一些先進(jìn)的加工設(shè)備,如

29、: 數(shù)控機(jī)床和自動(dòng)電焊機(jī)。數(shù)控機(jī)床和自動(dòng)電焊機(jī)。 J我們廠造集裝箱船,散貨船,還有一些我們廠造集裝箱船,散貨船,還有一些 駁船。駁船。 J船舶的傾斜可分為縱傾及橫傾,橫穩(wěn)心船舶的傾斜可分為縱傾及橫傾,橫穩(wěn)心 比縱穩(wěn)心重要的多。比縱穩(wěn)心重要的多。 J貨船按用途可以分為兩種基本類型,一貨船按用途可以分為兩種基本類型,一 種用來裝載干貨,另一種用來裝載液貨。種用來裝載干貨,另一種用來裝載液貨。 J多功能運(yùn)輸船則既可以裝載干貨又可以多功能運(yùn)輸船則既可以裝載干貨又可以 裝載液貨。裝載液貨。 我想去技術(shù)科要一份這種圖紙。我想去技術(shù)科要一份這種圖紙。 I would like to ask the tech

30、nical department for a copy of this drawing. 我們在拋丸后要對鋼板涂覆車間底漆。我們在拋丸后要對鋼板涂覆車間底漆。 We paint the steel plates with primer after shot-blasting. 浮性指船舶在一定裝載下保持正浮的能浮性指船舶在一定裝載下保持正浮的能 力。力。 Floatability indicates the ability of vessel floating positively on water under the condition of a certain amount of deadweight. 我們利用壓縮空氣來檢驗(yàn)水密性。我們利用壓縮空氣來檢驗(yàn)水密性。 We check the watertightness by compressed air. 外板承受不同強(qiáng)度的外力,因此,板厚外板承受不同強(qiáng)度的外力,

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