機械類專業(yè)詞匯表講解

1、機械類專業(yè)詞匯表一畫一字螺絲批slot type screwdriver一點透視one-point perspective二畫二合一黏合劑epoxy resin adhesive二合膠；混合膠epoxy glue二維的；平面的two-dimensional二進(jìn)制binary二極管；整流子diode二號螺絲攻second tap二路開關(guān)two-way switch十進(jìn)制的；公制的metric人工制品artefact人造板man-made board人體工程學(xué)ergonomics; human engineering人體尺寸human dimension人體測量學(xué)anthropometry; an

2、thropometrics刀片blade刀身blade刀具tool刀具溜座carriage刀柱tool post刀架tool rest刀架底座tool rest bracket刀座??；床鞍apron刀座鞍；溜板座saddle力force力三角形triangle of force力平行四邊形parallelogram of force力多邊形；多邊形力學(xué)polygon of force力的分解force resolution力架；亮漆lacquer力矩moment力偶couple力矩定律law of moment力-距離圖表force-distance graph力圖force diagram力

3、線line of force力點effort十字榫cross halving joint十字螺絲Philips head screw十字螺絲批Philips type screwdriver丁字尺；T 尺tee square三畫三爪夾頭three-jaw chuck三角尺set square三角形結(jié)構(gòu)系桿riangulation tie三角銼triangular file三維的；立體的three-dimensional三氯甲烷；哥羅芳chloroform三聚氰胺；蜜胺melamine三點透視three-point perspective上油漆painting上釉enamelling凡立水var

4、nish叉形頂尖fork centre 口罩mask士力；蟲漆shellac士巴拿；扳手spanner大芯夾板；寬條芯夾板blockboard; solid corestock-laminated board大量制造mass production子口刨；槽口刨；邊刨rebate plane小型平槽刨miniature router plane小型線料彎曲器small wire bender小型彎折機mini bender小型電路斷路器；跳菲miniature circuit breaker (MCB)小齒輪pinion山樟San Cheong工件workpiece工字梁I beam工作面wor

5、king surface工作圖；制作圖working drawing工作臺bench; working table工具tool工具貯存室tool storage工具槽well工具鋼tool steel工場workshop工場安全workshop safety工程字書寫技巧lettering工程系統(tǒng)engineering system工程繪圖engineering drawing工業(yè)酒精；火酒methylated spirit弓形手鉆；手搖曲柄鉆brace弓形手鉆嘴brace bit弓鋸bow saw; hacksaw弓鋸片hacksaw blade弓鋸床hacksawing machine四畫

6、不平衡imbalance不含鐵金屬；非鐵金屬non-ferrous metal不貫穿孔；閉孔；盲孔blind hole不貫穿鳩尾榫lapped dovetail joint不對稱asymmetry不銹鋼stainless steel不穩(wěn)定平衡unstable equilibrium中心centre中心線centre line中心沖centre punch中心鉆centre drill中心鉆嘴centre bit中央處理器central processing unit (CPU)中性neutral中性平衡；隨遇平衡neutral equilibrium中性軸neutral axis中密度纖維板m

7、edium density fibre board (MDF)中粗銼紋second cut中碳鋼medium carbon steel中線neutral wire互補金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS)介子；墊片washer介指鐵ring mandrel介電常數(shù)；電容率permittivity介穩(wěn)態(tài)的；亞穩(wěn)態(tài)的metastable內(nèi)力internal force內(nèi)卡尺inside calipers內(nèi)能internal energy內(nèi)涵性質(zhì)intensive properties內(nèi)圓彎鑿scribing gouge內(nèi)鎖式配

8、件interlocking fitting內(nèi)燃機internal combustion engine內(nèi)螺紋制造法tapping內(nèi)螺絲internal thread內(nèi)彎邊concave edge六角金屬枝hexagonal bar六角匙Allen key六角頭螺絲hexagonal head screw公制的；十進(jìn)制的metric公差tolerance冗余構(gòu)件redundant member分力component force分子molecule分子力molecular force分切；分割；切斷parting off分貝decibel分析analysis分析及批判學(xué)analytical and

9、critical studies分析器analyzer分流器shunt分界面；界面；接口interface分厘卡micrometer分規(guī)divider分割車刀架parting tool holder分解decomposition分壓器potential divider; voltage divider隔離開關(guān)isolating switch切削工具cutting tool切削液cutting fluid切削深度depth of cut切屑；碎屑chip切線鋸法tangential sawing切輥紋；滾紋knurling切斷；分切；分割parting off切斷工具parting tool勾；

10、勾腳hook勾刀；膠片刀plastic cutter化膠水tensol反向偏壓reverse biased反相放大器inverting amplifier反相器inverter反射reflection反電動勢back e.m.f.反饋；回輸feedback天拿水；稀釋劑thinner天梯牙；齒條gear rack天然木材natural timber天然干燥法air seasoning孔隙率porosity尺寸dimension尺寸線dimension line尺身blade引力；重力gravitational force心形凸輪heart-shaped cam心材heartwood心軸mand

11、rel心銷core pin手工具h(yuǎn)and tool手工鋸junior hacksaw手削法paring手持虎鉗hand vice手柄handle手套gloves手掃漆brushing lacquer手推車barrow手提式豎線鋸portable jigsaw手提電動工具portable power tool手提電鉆electric hand drill手進(jìn)給hand feed手搖曲柄鉆；弓形手鉆brace手搖鉆hand drill手銼hand file手鋸；板鋸handsaw手錐bradawl手轆軋機hand rolling machine支柱；支撐物strut支架；支座support支點fu

12、lcrum; pivot文字text方向direction方向針pointing needle方枝square bar方波形square waveform方波產(chǎn)生器squarer方型牙板rectangular die方格紙；網(wǎng)格紙grid paper方通square tube方塊圖block diagram方銼square file方頭鉆嘴square shank bit方螺帽square nut方邊鑿；直邊鑿firmer chisel木wood木工woodwork木工工作間woodwork area木工工作臺woodworkers bench木工車床wood turning lathe; w

13、oodworking lathe木工鉛筆carpenters pencil木工刨床thicknessing and planning machine木牙螺絲；木螺釘wood screw木材timber木材車削wood turning木材車削工具wood turning tools木屑壓合板；萬花板chipboard木條接榫corner strip joint木圓頭槌doming mallet木模；模型patterns木線wood strip木膠粉ureaformal dehyde resin glue木銼rasp木螺釘；木牙螺絲wood screw木槌mallet止推軸承thrust bear

14、ing止推墊圈thrust washer比例proportion比例尺scale比例常數(shù)proportionality constant比例極限proportional limit比較器comparator比熱容量specific heat capacity水平投影面horizontal plane水平儀；平水尺spirit level水氣掣；漏電斷路掣earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB)水晶膠；聚酯樹脂polyester resin水晶膠的鑄造成形resin casting水磨砂紙silicon carbide paper火叉firing fork火水；煤

15、油kerosene火牛；變壓器transformer火石輪grinder火花電蝕法；放電極加工electrical discharge machining火酒；工業(yè)酒精methylated spirit火鉗tongs火線；活線live wire火磚fire brick爪扣；爪形離合器；犬齒式離合器dog clutch牙板；絲模die牙板扳手；絲模扳手die holder (stock)牙板螺帽die nuts牛皮膠；動物膠animal glue牛油紙tracing paper牛頓運動定律Newtons laws of motion犬齒式離合器；爪扣；爪形離合器dog clutch五畫丙烯丁二烯

16、苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-stryrene (ABS)主軸；心軸spindle主題motif令(紙張的計數(shù)單位)ream凹座recess凹模hollowing block凸緣flange凸緣聯(lián)軸節(jié)flange coupling凸輪cam凸輪式配件cam-action fitting凸輪傳動cam drive凸頭螺絲raised head screw加成作業(yè)；添加法addition process加油oiling加速器accelerator功能；用途function功率因子power factor功率放大器 power amplifier功率板power amplif

17、ier board功率晶體管power transistor包氏記號法Bows notation包浩思；包豪斯設(shè)計風(fēng)格)Bauhaus半永固法；半永久接合semi-permanent joining半接榫halving joint半閉式槽榫stopped housing joint半圓(木)銼half-round rasp半圓車刀turning gouge半圓銼half-round file半圓頭鉚釘snap rivet半導(dǎo)體semiconductor卡路里；卡(熱量單位)calorie卡紙card paper卡尺；測徑器calipers去角；倒角chamfer可切削性machinabilit

18、y可行性feasibility可逆過程reversible process可壓縮性compressibility可變電阻variable resistor四分儀quadrant四爪夾頭four-jaw independent chuck四圓心法(繪圖)four-centre method外卡尺outside calipers外形塑造shaping外形線；輪廓線outline外推法extrapolation外圓彎鑿firmer gouge外螺紋external thread外螺紋制造法threading外彎邊convex edge外觀appearance失真distortion尼龍；聚醯胺nyl

19、on; polyamide (PA)尼龍墨水針筆technical felt-tip pen左右調(diào)校桿lateral adjusting level市售尺寸；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸stock size市電頻率；電源頻率mains frequency平(木)銼flat rasp平水尺；水平儀spirit level平行投影parallel projection平行車削parallel turning平行虎鉗parallel vice平行釘法parallel nailing平底彎刨flat faced spokeshave平底鉆嘴forstner bit平板結(jié)構(gòu)slab construction平流扼流圈；濾波

20、扼流器smoothing choke平流電容器；濾波電容器smoothing capacitor平流電路；濾汳電路smoothing circuit平面板；正臺surface plate平面圖；俯視圖plan平面錘flatter平移translation平搭榫corner halving joint平嘴鉗flat nose pliers平槽刨router plane平衡balance; equilibrium平衡力equilibrant平衡條件equilibrium condition平衡電橋balanced bridge平頭弧刀square nose gouge幼紋smooth cut打凹成

21、形hollowing打凸成形raising打槽機routing machine打線；打槽routing打磨fitting; polishing打磨機polisher本生燈Bunsen burner本征半導(dǎo)體intrinsic semiconductor正反器；觸發(fā)器；復(fù)振器flip-flop正反饋；正回輸positive feedback正火normalizing正向偏置forward bias正投影orthographic projection正投影圖orthographic drawing正弦波形sinusoidal waveform正面投影front projection正視圖eleva

22、tion; front elevation正極；陽極anode正齒輪spur gear正臺；平面板surface plate永久性接合permanent joining瓦通紙；瓦楞紙板corrugated board生長層cambium layer生產(chǎn)圖production drawing生膠漿rubber cement生鋼；鑄鋼cast steel生鐵；鑄鐵cast iron用途；功能function白楊木poplar白膠漿PVA glue; white glue皮沙墊leather sandbag皮革leather皮革黏合劑leather glue皮鞋leather shoes目錄cont

23、ents矢量；向量vector石灰?guī)rlimestone石英晶體振蕩器quartz crystal oscillator石棉asbestos; asbestus石膏Plaster of Paris示波器oscilloscope立體圖pictorial drawing六畫交流電流alternating current (a.c.)交流電壓a.c. voltage交聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)cross-linked structure仿飾金gilding metal伏特volt光力架clear lacquer光拉軟鋼bright drawn mild steel (B.D.M.S.)光敏電阻light dependen

24、t resistor (LDR)光測彈性學(xué)photoelasticity光刨；滑刨smoothing plane光電效應(yīng)photoelectric effect光澤lustre全閉式槽榫closed housing joint共面力coplanar force共聚合作用co-polymerization共聚物copolymer共價鍵covalent bond共振；共鳴；諧振resonance印刷電路板printed circuit board (PCB)同素異形allotropy同軸電纜coaxial cable同溫equality of temperature向量；矢量vector向量和ve

25、ctor sum合力resultant force合口扁鉗close mouth tongs合成色；等和色secondary colour合成品composite合成粅料composite material合金alloy合金工具鋼alloy tool steel合釘；定位銷dowel回火tempering回復(fù)力restoring force回復(fù)力偶restoring couple回彈resilience回輸；反饋feedback地線earth wire多刃切削刀具multi-point cutter多孔塑料；泡沫塑料；海綿狀塑料foam plastics多方榫接合pinned joint多媒體

26、multi-media多晶性polycrystallinity多諧振動器；多諧振蕩器multivibrator多邊形力學(xué)；力多邊形polygon of force字母沖letter punch字板letter stencil安全safety安全守則safety rule安全系數(shù)safety factor安全措施safety precaution安全眼罩safety goggle安全設(shè)備safety equipment安全藥箱safety box安培ampere安培計；電流表ammeter尖腳spur年輪annual ring成本cost成形forming扣件；擊固件fastener扣釘clou

27、t nail; cramp托架bracket收縮shrinkage曲柄crank曲柄軸crank shaft曲線規(guī)；云板；云尺French curve有效的efficient有效電流effective current灰；灰末ash百折膠；百折膠；聚丙烯polypropylene (PP)竹bamboo羊角錘claw hammer老化ageing肋條rib肌理；質(zhì)感；質(zhì)地texture自由度degree of freedom自動控制automatic control自動進(jìn)給auto-feed自然干燥法natural seasoning自感量self-inductance自感應(yīng)self-induc

28、tion色彩；顏色colour色調(diào)tone色環(huán)colour wheel行星齒輪；周轉(zhuǎn)齒輪epicyclic gear七畫肘節(jié)開關(guān)toggle-switch串激電動機；串繞電動機series-wound motor位能；勢能potential energy位梯度；勢梯度potential gradient位移displacement位錯dislocation伸長度elongation作工硬化work hardening作功work done作圖線construction line低密聚乙烯low density polyethylene (LDPE)低通濾波器low-pass filter低電壓

29、low voltage低碳鋼low carbon steel布置layout免油軸承oil-less bearing冷加工；冷作工cold working冷加工硬化cold work hardening冷色cool colour冷軋壓cold rolling冷卻系統(tǒng)cooling system冷卻效應(yīng)cooling effect冷卻液流量coolant rate冷凝膠；環(huán)氧樹脂epoxy resin利口；披口；鐵屑burr刨平planing刨花板；碎料板particle board吹風(fēng)機air blower吹氣模塑；吹模塑blow moulding吹管blow pipe含鐵金屬ferrous

30、metal含水量moisture content坑鑿cross-cut chisel均方根值root mean square value均角投影圖；等角投影圖isometric drawing均速圓周運動uniform circular motion夾；夾鉗clamp夾cramp夾卡mounting board夾具fixture; jig夾具及固定裝置jig and fixture夾板；膠合板plywood夾持工具clamping device; holding tool夾背鋸；榫鋸tenon saw夾頭chuck夾頭開啟匙；夾頭扳手chuck key夾疊黏合成形lamination尾座tai

31、lstock床身；床道lathe bed床鞍；刀座帷apron形心；面心centroid形狀shape形變deformation快把板；硬質(zhì)纖維板hardboard快速移位rapid traverse抗扭強度torsional strength抗屈強度bending strength; yield strength抗性分量；無功分量reactive component抗拉強度tensile strength抗氧化劑anti-oxidant抗剪強度shearing strength抗磁性物料diamagnetic material抗撓性stiffness抗壓強度ompressive streng

32、th抗斷強度breaking strength技術(shù)員；技師technician扶架steady扭力torsion扭矩；轉(zhuǎn)矩torque扭轉(zhuǎn)torsion扭轉(zhuǎn)角angle of torsion把手hand grip扼流圈choke扳手spanner; wrench投影projection投影面projection plane投影線projection line攻絲tap材料material 材料單；材料表material list杜拉鋁duralumin杉木spruce步進(jìn)電動機stepper motor步?jīng)_輪廓法nibbling每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)revolution per minute (r.p.m

33、.)系統(tǒng)組件system component角托架angle bracket角位移angular displacement角板；直角板angle plate角度angle角榫corner angle joint; corner joint角鐵angle iron谷巴凡立水cobal varnish車刀架tool holder 車床lathe車床工具lathe tools車床中心鉆咀lathe centre bit車床操作法lathe operation車削；車旋lathe turning; turning車削工具turning tools防火膠板Formica防銹rust prevention

34、防聲耳筒；護(hù)耳器ear-protector防松螺帽lock nut防護(hù)裝置；保護(hù)罩；保護(hù)網(wǎng)guard; safety guard八畫注射成形法；噴射鑄造法injection moulding并激電動機；并繞電動機shunt-wound motor乳酪膠casein glue乳膠漆emulsion paint亞加力；壓克力；聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂acrylics; polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)亞穩(wěn)態(tài)的；介穩(wěn)態(tài)的metastable來回擺動oscillating兩點透視two-point perspective刻度；劃線ruling刺沖dot punch刮刀scraper

35、刮擦scraping制動鼓drum brake制動碟disc brake制動器brake受迫振動forced vibration受迫振蕩forced oscillation和諧harmony周轉(zhuǎn)齒輪；行星齒輪epicyclic gear固定夾；臺夾bench holdfast固定負(fù)載dead load定子stator定位銷；合釘dowel定位螺絲set screw定距輪stitch marker屈片機folding machine屈曲bending屈服點；降服點yield point屈圈法loop forming屈卷法scrolling屈接縫folded lap seam屈喉機tube ben

36、der屈折folding屈折線folding line屈壓接縫folded & grooved seam延性ductility延性的ductile弦鋸法plain sawing弧口鑿；圓鑿gouge往復(fù)式運動reciprocatory motion拉力tensile force拉力計；張力計tensiometer; tensometer拉釘blind rivet; pop rivet拉釘接合blind riveting; pop riveting拉釘鉗blind riveting pliers; pop riveting pliers拉張tension拉張應(yīng)力tensile stress拉張應(yīng)

37、變tensile strain拉細(xì)drawing-down拉制法drawing拉線wire drawing披口；利口；鐵屑burr拔鉗nippers拋光buffing拋光機buffing machine放大；擴大enlargement放大尺pantograph 放大倍數(shù)amplification factor放大器amplifier放電極加工；火花電蝕法electrical discharge machining易用萬能尺line setter易碎fragile繪畫的明暗運用；描影shading枝；桿rod杯形頂尖cup centre杯頭螺絲hexagonal socket head cap

38、screw板鋸panel saw松木pine松節(jié)水turpentine法式磨光French polishing法拉電容量單位farad油石；磨刀石oil stone油漆；涂料paint泡沫塑料；多孔塑料；海綿狀塑料foam plastics物理特性physical property物理屬性physical attribute物理量physical quantity盲孔；閉孔；不貫穿孔blind hole直尺ruler; straight rule直角叉榫corner bridle joint直角尺try square直角板；角板angle plate直角杠桿bell crank lever直身

39、鉆嘴straight shank drill直車刀架straight tool holder直流發(fā)電機d.c. generator直流電流direct current (d.c.)直流電動機；直流馬達(dá)d.c. motor直紋鋸rip saw直線切削linear interpolation直線運動rectilinear motion直邊鑿；方邊鑿firmer chisel直鐵剪straight snips硅silicon空行程idle stroke空氣動力學(xué)aerodynamics空間space空載no load花紋鑿embossing stamp花梨木rosewood花樣；圖案pattern虎

40、克定律Hookes Law虎鉗vice虎鉗護(hù)罩vice clamp初步意念proposed solution表面surface表面展開圖surface development表面張力surface tension表面處理surface finishing; surface treatment表面硬化case hardening表面硬化鋼case-hardened steel表達(dá)方式presentation表達(dá)技巧；傳意技巧communication technique表觀膨脹；視膨脹apparent expansion金工metalwork金工工作間metalwork area金工角尺engi

41、neering square金工車床metalwork lathe金工虎鉗engineers vice金工鋸床power hacksaw金屬包頭；金屬箍ferrule金屬配件metal fittings金屬線wire金屬壓展機hand rolling mill金屬擦光劑；磨光劑metal polish金屬薄片sheet metal金屬鍵metallic bond長方通rectangular tube長刨trying plane長螺旋鉆咀long auger bit長鏜孔long boring閘極gate阻抗impedance附件attachment附錄appendices青銅bronze非反相

42、放大器non-inverting amplifier非本征半導(dǎo)體extrinsic semiconductor非破壞性試驗non-destructive testing非晶狀固體amorphous solid非頑磁性鐵磁材料non-retentive ferromagnetic material非壓縮性流體incompressible fluid非穩(wěn)態(tài)unsteady state非鐵金屬；不含鐵金屬non-ferrous metal九畫亮漆；力架lacquer信號signal信號產(chǎn)生機signal generator信號處理signal processing保養(yǎng)；維修maintenance保險

43、絲fuse保護(hù)罩；保護(hù)網(wǎng)；防護(hù)裝置guard; safety guard促凝劑accelerator削屑swarf垂直投影面vertical plane型砧swages書的封皮binding封面cover急回機構(gòu)quick return mechanism扁枝bar扁頭cross-pein扁頭法upsetting扁頭鉚釘flat head rivet扁頭螺絲flat head screw扁鑿flat chisel指示器indicator指形榫finger joint施力effort染色staining染色劑stain架構(gòu)framework柄stock柚木teak柳安木lauan流程圖flow

44、chart洗漆水paint remover活塞piston活塞銷gudgeon pin活線；火線live wire炮銅gun metal玻璃砂紙glass paper玻璃膠silicon sealant玻璃纖維glass fibre玻璃纖維席glass fibre mats界面；分界面；接口interface相差phase difference相對密度relative density砂布emery cloth砂磨sanding砂磨紙abrasive paper砂磨機sander砂鑄；砂鑄模sand casting研究探討research研磨；磨削grinding研磨角grinding angl

45、e科技technology科技研習(xí)technological studies科學(xué)知識scientific knowledge科學(xué)瓷；聚氰胺毋醛樹脂melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF)紅銅墊圈copper washer美學(xué)aesthetics耐火膠板fire-resisted laminate耐火磚refractory block耐沖擊聚苯乙烯high impact polystyrene背back胡桃木walnut范德華引力Van der Waals force英制惠氏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)螺紋British Standard Whitworth thread (B.S.W.)苯乙烯

46、丙烯共聚物styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer苯酚甲醛phenol formaldehyde (PF)計；規(guī)gauge定時器timer計劃planning計算器；計算機computer計算器輔助工程computer-aided engineering (CAE)計算器輔助控制computer-aided control計算器輔助設(shè)計computer-aided design (CAD)計算器輔助制造computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)計算器數(shù)控computer numerical control (CNC)負(fù)反饋；負(fù)回輸negative

47、 feedback負(fù)極；陰極cathode負(fù)載load軌路式砂紙磨機orbital sander重力；引力gravitational force重心centre of gravity重量weight重銼法heavy filing限制開關(guān)；極限掣limit switch限流器current restrictor降服點；屈服點yield point降壓器step down transformer面plane面心；形心centroid面材plane materiel面板face plate面板車削法face plate turning 面結(jié)型晶體管junction transistor面罩face

48、mask音量volume頁邊margin風(fēng)車鋸；圓盤鋸circular saw風(fēng)格style風(fēng)煤爐forging hearth飛輪flywheel飛機木；菠薩輕木balsa首版；原型；雛形prototype恒溫器；溫度調(diào)節(jié)器thermostat十畫俯視圖；平面圖plan倒角；去角chamfer倒模成形；模塑；鑄模成形moulding修邊trimming修邊機trimmer剖切面cutting plane剖切面線cutting plane line剖面；縱切面section剖視圖sectional view剖線hatching line剛性；剛度rigidity剛性模量；剛性模數(shù)modulus

49、of rigidity剛強度；硬挺度stiffness剛體rigid body原子粒；晶體管transistor原色primary colour原型；雛形；首版prototype原料raw material哥羅芳；三氯甲烷chloroform埋頭直孔counterbore埋頭鉚釘countersink head rivet埋頭錐孔countersink埋頭螺栓countersink head bolt埋頭螺絲countersink head screw埋頭鉆countersink drill埋頭鉆嘴countersink bit; rose countersink drill套筒；套管slee

50、ve套錘fullers家用的domestic展性malleability展性的malleable展開圖development峰至峰值peak-to-peak value峰值peak value差動放大器；微分放大器differential amplifier徒手草圖freehand sketch徑線鋸法radial sawing徑鋸法quarter sawing振動vibration振幅amplitude振蕩oscillating振蕩運動oscillatory motion振蕩器oscillator效率efficiency時效硬化age hardening時間常數(shù)time constant框架frame氣動的系統(tǒng)；氣壓的系統(tǒng)pneumatic system氣動控制pneumatic control氣閥gas valve氣焊gas welding空氣壓縮air compression氧乙炔焊接oxy-acetylene welding氧化oxidation; oxidize消失點vanishing point消色差achromatic colour浸涂dip coating海綿狀塑料；泡沫塑料；多孔塑料foam plastics浮力buoyancy浮雕relief特性property珠光體pearlite疲勞fatigue真空成形；真空吸塑vac