機(jī)械專業(yè)英語1~10章

1、lesson 1 metal cutting technology 金屬切削技術(shù) section i words and phrases section ii text and translation section iii exercises and answerssection i words and phrases raw material n.原材料 processing preu5sesin n.加工方法,加工,制造 assembly e5sembli n.裝配 operation 7cpe5reifen n.工序,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),操作 machinery me5fi:neri n. 總稱 機(jī)

2、器,機(jī)械 manufacturing 7manju5faktferin n. 制造業(yè),制造,生產(chǎn) metal casting n.金屬鑄造,金屬鑄件 plastic molding n.塑料成型 machining me5fi:nin v.機(jī)械加工,加工 pressworking pres7w:kin n.壓力加工 enhance in5hb:ns vt.提高,增強(qiáng) heat-treating n.熱處理 polishing 5pclifin n.拋光 workpart 5we:kpb:t n.工件 geometry dvi5cmitri n.幾何學(xué),幾何形狀 turning 5te:nin

3、n.車削 milling 5milin n.銑削 drilling 5drilin n.鉆削 boring 5bc:rin n.鏜削 grinding 5raindin n.磨削 edm（electron discharge machining）n.電火花加工 lbm （laser beam machining）n.激光加工 usm (ultrasonic machining) n.超聲波加工 machine tool n.機(jī)床 lathe leit n.車床, milling machine n.銑床 drill press n.鉆床 grinding machine n.磨床 machin

4、ing center n.加工中心 tool tu:l n.刀具,工具,用具 turning tool n.車刀 milling cutter n.銑刀 twist drill n.鉆頭,麻花鉆 grinding wheel n.砂輪 hardness 5hb:dnis n.硬度, strength strenw n.強(qiáng)度,力量 tenacity ti5nasiti n.韌性,堅(jiān)韌 chemical stability n.化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性 main movement n.主運(yùn)動(dòng) feed movement n.進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng) spindle 5spindl n.主軸,桿,心軸 generatrix 5d

5、venereitriks n.母線 schematic diagram 示意圖 cutting speed 切削速度 feed fi:d n.進(jìn)給量 depth of cut n.背吃刀量,吃刀量 chip tfip n.切屑 continuous chip 連續(xù)切屑,帶狀切屑 segmented nonhomogeneous chip 分段不均勻切屑,節(jié)狀切屑 discontinuous chip 不連續(xù)切屑,崩碎切屑 variable5vzeriebl n. 變量,可變物,變數(shù)section ii text as we know, production is a process which

6、 transforms raw materials into finished products by a sequence of processing and assemble operations, illustrated in figure 1.1. machinery manufacturing technology is the most important technology applied in processing operation. processing operation can commonly be classified into four types: 1.bas

7、ic process operations (such as metal casting and plastic molding), 2.secondary process operations (including machining and pressworking operations), 3.operations to enhance physical properties (such as heat-treating operations), 4.finishing operations (such as painting, polishing). metal cutting tec

8、hnology is the technology applied in machining process which is a secondary processing operation. metal cutting technology is the technology which is concerned with utilizing various processes to remove materials from the workpart and achieve final desired geometry. various processes include general

9、 processes, such as turning, milling, drilling, boring, grinding, etc. and special process, such as edm （electron discharge machining）, lbm （laser beam machining）, usm (ultrasonic machining) etc. certainly, there must be some corresponding machine tools, for example, lathe, milling machine, drill pr

10、ess, grinding machine, machining center and so on. general processes make use of cutting tools (such as turning tool, milling cutter, twist drill, grinding wheel, etc.) to remove materials. the cutting tool must possess some fundamental capabilities, such as hardness, strength, tenacity, chemical st

11、ability and so on. various types of materials which will be discussed in subsequent sections have been used in manufacturing tools and workparts. in metal cutting, tools and workparts must have certain relative movements during processing in order to achieve geometry needed. the movements include ma

12、in movement and feed movement. for example, in turning process, the rotation of spindle is the main movement which generates generatrix, and the turning tools move is the feed movement which generates lead line. the two movements combine together to generate the cylinder. the schematic diagram of tu

13、rning process is pictured in figure 1.2. the three factors of cutting include cutting speed, feed and the depth of cut. cutting speed refers to the instantaneous velocity between the cutting tool and workpiece at a given point. feed is concerned with the distance of the cutting tools movement relati

14、ve to the workpiece at the feeding direction. and depth of cut is the vertical distance that the cutting tool cuts into the workpiece. they are all variables used in expressing the main movement and feed movement. the materials removed from the workpiece are called chips. chips will have different s

15、hapes such as continuous chips, segmented nonhomogeneous chips and discontinuous chips according to different part materials, processes, and other variables.section ii translation 我們知道生產(chǎn)是通過一系列的加工和裝配將原材料變?yōu)槌善返倪^程。如圖1.1所示。 機(jī)械制造技術(shù)是應(yīng)用于加工工序的最重要的一門技術(shù)。加工工序常被分為四類：1、基本加工工序(如金屬鑄造和塑料成型) 2、二次加工工序（包括機(jī)加工和壓力加工工序）3、提

16、高物理特性的工序（如熱處理工序）4、終加工或光整加工工序(如噴漆、拋光)。金屬切削技術(shù)則主要被應(yīng)用于二次加工工序中的機(jī)加工工序。 金屬切削技術(shù)是利用各種不同的加工方法去除工件材料，獲得最終所需幾何形狀的相關(guān)技術(shù)。不同的加工方法包括常用加工，比如，車削、銑削、鉆削、鏜削、磨削等，和特種加工，比如，電子束加工、激光加工、超聲波加工等。當(dāng)然，也有相應(yīng)的機(jī)床，如車床、銑床、鉆床、磨床和加工中心等等。 常用的加工方法利用切削刀具（如車刀、銑刀，麻花鉆，砂輪等）來去除余量。切削刀具需具有某些基本性能，如硬度、強(qiáng)度、韌性、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性等。用來制造刀具和工件的各種材料的類型將在后面的部分討論。 在金屬切削中，刀

17、具和工件必須通過加工過程中的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)來獲得所需的幾何形狀。運(yùn)動(dòng)包括主運(yùn)動(dòng)和進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)。例如，在車削加工中，主軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)是主運(yùn)動(dòng)，用來產(chǎn)生母線，而車刀的運(yùn)動(dòng)是進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)，用來產(chǎn)生導(dǎo)線。兩種運(yùn)動(dòng)的合成就形成了圓柱面。車削加工的示意圖如圖1.2。 切削用量三要素包括切削速度、進(jìn)給量和 (或叫吃刀量)。切削速度指的是切削刀具在給給定點(diǎn)相對(duì)工件的瞬時(shí)速度。進(jìn)給量則是刀具與工件的相對(duì)位移量。而背吃刀量則是刀具切入工件的垂直距離。切削用量皆被用來表示主運(yùn)動(dòng)和進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)的變量。 從工件上切下的廢料稱為切屑。根據(jù)零件材料、加工方法及其它變量的不同，切屑會(huì)形成不同形狀，如帶狀切屑、節(jié)狀切屑和崩碎切屑。section ii

18、i exercises i. brief answer to the questions according to the text 1. what is the metal cutting technology? 2. what are the three elements of cutting used in processing? ii. glossary of specialty 1. draw a connected line between the processing and corresponding machine tool and cutting tool, which a

19、re listed in the following three columns. 2. acronym reverting edm lbm usm iii. translate the following english (chinese) sentences into chinese (english). 1production operation is the processing step in which one operator process one workpart at one workstation. 2加工中心不同的特點(diǎn)在于它能自動(dòng)換刀。section iii answe

20、rs i. 根據(jù)課文簡要回答問題 1. metal cutting technology is the technology which is concerned with utilizing various processes to remove materials from the workpart and achieve final desired geometry. 2. cutting speed, feed and the depth of cut ii. 專業(yè)詞匯 1. 在對(duì)應(yīng)的加工方法、加工設(shè)備和加工刀具間連線。 2. 首字母縮寫還原 edmelectron discharge

21、 machining lbmlaser beam machining usmultrasonic machining iii. 中英互譯 1. 生產(chǎn)工序是一個(gè)操作者在一個(gè)工作地點(diǎn)對(duì)一個(gè)工件進(jìn)行的加工。 2. the distinguishing feature of machining center is changing tools automatically.figure 1.1 schematic diagram of production figure 1.2 schematic diagram of turning process lesson 2 engineering mater

22、ials 工程材料 section i words and phrases section ii text and translation section iii exercises and answerssection i words and phrases classification 7klasifi5keifen n.分類,分級(jí) scheme ski:m n.方案,安排,配置,計(jì)劃,陰謀 density 5densiti n.密度 thermal conductivity n.導(dǎo)熱性 cast iron n.鑄鐵 iron carbon n.鐵碳合金 carbon 5kb:ben n.

23、碳 silicon 5siliken n.硅 sulfur 5sqlfe n.硫磺 manganese 7mane5ni:z, 5maneni:z n.錳 phosphorus 5fcsferes n.磷 brittle 5britl adj.脆性的,脆弱的 cast kb:st n.鑄件 v.鑄造,澆鑄 constituent ken5stitjuent n.成分,要素 chromium 5kreumjem n.鉻 nickel 5nikl n.鎳 molybdenum me5libdinem n.鉬 copper 5kcpe n.銅 tungsten 5tqnsten n.鎢 cobalt

24、 ke5bc:lt, 5keubc:lt n.鈷 malleable 5maliebl adj.可鍛的,有延展性的 aluminum e5lju:minem n.鋁 titanium tai5teinjem n.鈦 organic c:5anik adj.有機(jī)的,器官的,組織的 compound 5kcmpaund n.化合物 polymerization 7pclimerai5zeifen n.聚合,聚合作用 thermoplastic 7we:me5plastik adj.熱塑性的 n.熱塑性塑料 thermosetting 7we:meu5setin adj.熱固性的 pe (polye

25、thylene) n.聚乙烯 pvc (polyvinyl chloride) n.聚氯乙烯 pp (polypropylene) n.聚丙烯 ps (polystyrene) n.聚苯乙烯 abs n.丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯,abs塑料 nylon n.尼龍,聚酰胺纖維 ep (epoxy) n.環(huán)氧樹脂 bakelite 5beikelait n.酚醛塑料,膠木,電木 plasticity plas5tisiti n.可塑性,塑性 fluidity flu(:)5iditi n.流動(dòng)性 injection molding n.注塑成型 extrude eks5tru:d v.擠壓 synt

26、hetic sin5wetic adj.合成的,人造的,綜合的 elasticity ilas5tisiti n.彈力,彈性 electric insulation電絕緣性 composite 5kcmpezit n.復(fù)合材料,合成物 fiber-reinforced adj.纖維增強(qiáng)的 particulate pe5tikjulit adj.微粒的 n.微粒 laminated 5lamineitid adj.薄板薄片狀的,層積的,層壓的 high-speed steel n.高速鋼 carbide n.硬質(zhì)合金 ceramic si5ramik n.陶瓷 adj.陶器的 diamond 5

27、daiemend n.金剛石,鉆石 cbn (cubic boron nitride) n.立方氮化硼 automobile 5c:temeubi:l n.汽車 panel 5panl n.面板,儀表板 headstock 5hedstck n.主軸箱 bed bed n.床身 gear ie n.齒輪,傳動(dòng)裝置 normalizing 5nc:melaizin n.正火 anneal e5ni:l n.退火 temper 5tempe n.回火 quencher kwentfen.淬火section ii text the world is made up of matters. there

28、 are so many different types of materials in the world. we refer to the materials applied in engineering field as engineering materials. there are a lot of classification schemes about engineering materials. according to the chemical element, engineering materials can be divided into metals and nonm

29、etals. according to their use in manufacturing, engineering materials can be classified into two major categories: tool materials and workpart materials. metal materials have some fundamental capabilities, such as hardness, strength, density, thermal conductivity and so on. the most important metal

30、materials in manufacturing are cast iron and steel. cast iron and steel are both iron carbon. cast iron usually contains 2 to 4.5 percent carbon, 0.5 to 3 percent silicon, and lesser amounts of sulfur, manganese, and phosphorus. it is hard, brittle and nonmalleable, so it is commonly used in casting

31、 into various shapes. steel contains 0.2 and 1.5 percent carbon, often contains other constituents such as manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, tungsten, cobalt etc. to achieve certain properties needed. steel is not only hard and strong, but malleable on account of lower carbon content,

32、 so it has been used more widely. there are also other metal materials used in manufacturing such as aluminum & aluminum alloy, copper & copper alloy, titanium alloy and so forth. the most widely used nonmetal materials may be engineering plastics. plastics are organic compounds produced by polymeri

33、zation. the common engineering plastics can be grouped into two types that are thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics. thermoplastics include pe (polyethylene), pvc (polyvinyl chloride), pp (polypropylene), ps (polystyrene), abs, nylon, and so on. thermosetting plastics include ep (epoxy), bakelit

34、e, and so on. due to its good plasticity and fluidity， the plastic can not only be used in injection molding, but also be extruded or cast into shapes. the rubber is another major category in nonmetal materials. it can be divided into natural rubber and synthetic rubber according to the source of ra

35、w materials. because of its high elasticity and electric insulation, rubber can be used in making tires, shock absorbers, airproof loops and electric insulation. now more and more composites are used in engineering, especially in aerospace, biomedicine. composites are combined with two or more disti

36、nct materials. it can be divided into three types: fiber-reinforced, particulate, and laminated composites, which is illustrated in figure 2.1. tool materials may be either metal or nonmetal. high-speed steel and carbide are the most widely used metal tool materials. nonmetal tool materials include

37、ceramic, diamond and cbn (cubic boron nitride). workpart materials also involve metal and nonmetal. plastics can be used in making automobile lamps, panels, toys and so on. metal can be used in manufacturing variety of parts. take lathe as an example, cast iron can be used in manufacturing headstock

38、 and bed. however, spindle and gears are made of steel. metal workparts are ordinarily needed heat-treating operations (such as normalizing, anneal, temper and quencher) to enhance physical properties of materials.section ii translation 世界是由物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的。世界上又具有如此之多的材料。我們將應(yīng)用于工程領(lǐng)域的材料成為工程材料。對(duì)于工程材料有許多種分類方案。根據(jù)化學(xué)

39、元素的不同，工程材料可分為金屬和非金屬。根據(jù)制造用途可分為刀具材料和工件材料。 金屬材料具有某些基本性能，比如硬度、強(qiáng)度、密度、韌性、導(dǎo)熱性等。在制造業(yè)中最重要的金屬材料是鑄鐵和鋼。鑄鐵和鋼都是鐵碳合金。鑄鐵通常含有2%至4.5%的碳、0.5%至3%的硅和更少量的硫、錳和磷。它堅(jiān)硬、脆性且不可鍛，因此常常被用于鑄造成型。鋼含有0.2至1.5的碳，并常常含有其它成分如錳、鉻、鎳、鉬、銅、鎢、鈷等，用以獲得某些所需特性。鋼不僅堅(jiān)硬、強(qiáng)度高，而且由于較低的含碳量，因而可鍛，所以用途更為廣泛。制造業(yè)中還使用到許多其它的金屬材料，如鋁與鋁合金，銅與銅合金，鈦合金等。 使用最廣泛的非金屬材料應(yīng)該是工程塑料

40、。塑料是一種通過聚合作用生成的有機(jī)化合物。常用的工程塑料能分為熱塑性塑料和熱固性塑料兩類。熱塑性塑料包括聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、abs塑料、尼龍等；熱固性塑料包括環(huán)氧樹脂及酚醛塑料等。由于其良好的可塑性和流動(dòng)性，塑料不僅能注塑成型，還能擠壓和澆鑄成型。橡膠是非金屬材料的另一大類。根據(jù)原材料的來源不同，它能分為天然橡膠和合成橡膠兩類。橡膠因?yàn)榫哂懈邚椥院徒^緣性，常被用來制作輪胎、減震器、密封圈和電絕緣材料?，F(xiàn)在，越來越多的復(fù)合材料被用于工程領(lǐng)域，特別是航天和生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域。復(fù)合材料有兩種或兩種以上不同的材料組合而成。它一般被分為纖維增強(qiáng)、顆粒和層狀復(fù)合材料三種類型。如圖2.1所示。 制

41、造刀具材料的材料既有金屬材料也有非金屬材料。高速鋼和硬質(zhì)合金是最廣泛應(yīng)用的金屬刀具材料。而非金屬刀具材料則包括陶瓷、金剛石和立方氮化硼。 工件材料同樣包括金屬和非金屬。塑料可用來制造車燈、儀表盤、玩具等等。金屬則用于制造各種各樣的零件。以車床為例，鑄鐵常用來制造主軸箱和床身，而主軸和齒輪則是由鋼制成。金屬工件通常需要熱處理工序（如正火、退火、回火和淬火）來提高其材料的物理特性。section iii exercises i. brief answer to the questions according to the text 1. which one is malleable, the ca

42、st iron or the steel ? 2. what types can composites include ? ii. glossary of specialty 1. match the engineering materials with corresponding categories by connected lines. 2. acronym reverting cbn iii. translate the following english (chinese) sentences into chinese (english). 1the demand of light-

43、weight, high-strength and heat-resistance engineering materials promotes the rapid development of composites. 2熱處理是一種提高金屬材料物理特性的方式。section iii answers i. 根據(jù)課文簡要回答問題 1. steel 2. fiber-reinforced, particulate, and laminated composites ii. 專業(yè)詞匯 1. 將工程材料與對(duì)應(yīng)類型用線連接。 2. 首字母縮寫還原 cbncubic boron nitride iii.

44、中英互譯 1. 對(duì)重量輕、強(qiáng)度高和耐熱性強(qiáng)的工程材料的需求促進(jìn)了復(fù)合材料的快速發(fā)展。 2. heat-treating operation is the way to enhance physical properties of metal materials.figure 2.1 types of compositeslesson 3 cad and cam 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)與制造 section i words and phrases section ii text and translation section iii exercises and answerssection i word

45、s and phrases cad abbr.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì) cam abbr.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造 acronym 5akrenim n.首字母縮寫詞 term te:m n.術(shù)語,學(xué)期 hardware 5hb:dwze n.硬件,五金件 computer mainframe n.計(jì)算機(jī)主機(jī) peripheral equipment n.外設(shè),外部設(shè)備 high-resolution adj.高分辨率的 display di5splei n.顯示器 man-machine adj.人機(jī)的 interface 5inte(:)7feis n.界面 mouse maus n.鼠標(biāo) keyboard

46、5ki:bc:d n.鍵盤 light pen n.光筆 digitizing tablet n.數(shù)字化書寫板 printer 5printe n.打印機(jī),印刷工 plotter 5plcte n.繪圖儀 drawing 5drc:in n.圖,圖紙,制圖 software 5scftwze n.軟件 drafting 5drb:ftin n.草圖,制圖 2d (two dimensional) n.二維 3d (three dimensional) n.三維 modeling 5mcdlin n.造型,建模 post-process adj.后處理的 module 5mcdju:l n. 模

47、塊,模數(shù) nc (numerical control) n.數(shù)控 programming 5preuramin n.編程 g-code n. g代碼,加工程序指令 cnc (computer numerical control) n.計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控 dnc (direct numerical control) n.直接數(shù)控,計(jì)算機(jī)群控 real-time adj.實(shí)時(shí)的 machine tool table n.機(jī)床工作臺(tái) workpiece 5we:kpi:s n.工件 positioning pe5zifenin n.定位 measurement 5mevement n.測量 inventor

48、y 5inventri n.庫存 cax (computer-aided x) n.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助技術(shù) capp (computer-aided process planning) n.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝編制 cae (computer-aided engineering) n.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程 process pre5ses n.工藝,過程 part family n.零件族 retrieval ri5tri:vel n.檢索 variant adj.變異的,易變的 generative 5dveneretiv adj.創(chuàng)成的,生成的section ii text with rapid develop

49、ment of computer technology, manufacturing technology has also met its spring of development. cad and cam is the combination of computer technology and traditional technology of design and manufacture. cad is an acronym of computer-aided design. this term means the designer create or modify an engin

50、eering design by effectively using computer1. a cad system includes two major components. the first is hardware. undoubtedly, a high capability computer mainframe is the essential part. besides, there are also some important peripheral equipments. a high-resolution display is needed to provide man-m

51、achine interface between computer and designer. the input devices such as mouse, keyboard, light pen or digitizing tablet are used in drawing. a printer or plotter as the output device is needed to print design drawing. software has equal importance too. good software can make your process of design

52、 more rapidly and efficiently. the famous software includes autocad, ug, pro-e, etc. autocad has more advantage in 2d drafting. but ug and pro-e have more powerful functions. they can not only be used in 2d drafting, but also primarily used in 3d solid and surface modeling. with post-process module,

53、 they can even generate nc program of instructions directly for processing. so they are not neatly cad software but cad/cam integrated software. a cad modeling and a corresponding nc program are showed in figure 3.1 and figure 3.2 respectively. cam stands for computer-aided manufacturing. it means t

54、he utilization of computer technology in the management, control, and operations of the manufacturing equipments, especially in automatic nc programming. cam ordinarily follows cad. it will utilize the data created by cad modeling to generating g-codes (the common name for the programming language that drives nc and cnc machine tools), then transfer g-codes to the numerically controlled machine tools for processing by cnc or dnc method. the application of cam can be divided into two major categories: 1. direct applications, in which the computer is used either to