since后接延續(xù)性與短暫性動詞的用法

1、since 后接延續(xù)性與短暫性動詞的用法 一、若 since 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動詞是終止性的過去時， 則從句表示的時間是 “從動作開 始的那一時刻起 ”。如：He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 自從他來到我們學(xué)校， 他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。 We have been missing them since they left here 自從他們離開這里，我們就一直很想念他們。 這是最常見的一種用法，此處不再多述。二、若 since 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動詞是持續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的動詞的過去時時，則從 句表示的時間是 “從那持續(xù)

2、動作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時算起 ”。如：I haven t heard any noise since I slept. Sle為ep持 續(xù)性動詞， sleep 的動作結(jié)束時， 即 “醒來 ”時， 這句應(yīng)譯為 “我醒后還未聽到任何聲音 ”。John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher 約翰現(xiàn) 在和父母一起住在紐約，他不當(dāng)教師已經(jīng)三年了。所以， I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai. 不少人會望文生義，將該

3、句譯為： “自從我住在上海以來，就再也沒有收 到他的信了。 ”而實際上這個句子的譯文是： “自從我離開上海，就再也沒有收到他的信。 ” 這種譯法常被人們誤用，我們不妨再多舉幾個例子看看：How long is it since you lived in Shanghai? 你離開（沒住在）上海多久了？It is half a month since he was a League member. 他退團（不當(dāng)團員）半個月了。It s been quite some time since I was last in Londo我n 離開倫敦已很長時間了。比較： He has written to

4、 me frequently since I was ill. 自從我病愈以來，他屢次給我寫信。 （從 句謂語為狀態(tài)動詞）He has written to me frequently since I fell ill. 自從我生病以來， 他就屢次給我寫信。 （從句謂語 為終止性動詞）三、若 since 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語為持續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時，則表示動作和狀態(tài)延續(xù)到 現(xiàn)在（說話時刻） ，其表示的時間的起點應(yīng)從動作發(fā)生之時算起。如：I haven t heard from him since he has lived the。re這里 has lived 表示動作的持續(xù)性， 時間的起點應(yīng)從

5、： “開始居住 ”時算起。 因此此句可理解為 “自從他（開始）住在那兒起，我就一直沒收到他的來信 ”。Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自從我們自己有了汽車， 我們每 年都去野營。試比較： 1. Since I ve been at this school, we have had three headmas自ter從s.我到這所學(xué)校， 我 們已換了三個校長了。Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自從我離開這所學(xué)校， 他們已換了

6、三 個校長了。2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自從我生病以來，他從未來看過我。He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自從我病愈以來，他從未來看過我。由此可見， since 引導(dǎo)的從句持續(xù)動詞的一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的意思恰好相反。 換言之，前者以肯定的語法形式反映著否定的邏輯內(nèi)容，而后者的形式與內(nèi)容是一致的。It has been three years since he worked her. 他不在這兒工作已經(jīng)三年了It has been three years since he smoked. 他已經(jīng)戒煙三年了。至于 It is + 一段時間 +since 的句型與 It has been + 一段時間 +since 意思相同。前者是規(guī)范 說法，后者是口語說法。應(yīng)注意的是，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中， since 引導(dǎo)的從句絕對不能用否定式的謂語動詞來表示否定意 義，下面兩句都錯了：It is a long time since he didnIt s two months since you didn 正確的說法為：t study English. t come to see me.It s a long time since heu dsit