【素材】Module8Unit3背景知識(shí)拓展

1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsTherearemany peoplewhosayTho masEdisonsingle-handedlyinventedthetwentieth century. Although there are thosewho may disagree,one thingcannot be denied:Edisonwas agenius,andhisinventionsgreatly affected the development of modernsociety.Bornin1847inOhio,ThomasEdisonattend

2、ed school for only three months. Afterhis teacher claimed that he could not learn,Edison s mother decidedtoteachhim at home.There he was allowed to explore the subjectst hat most interested him. By age ten, Edisonhad builta science laboratoryinthebasementof his family s home and had become an avidex

3、perimenter.Edison got his first job at age twelve ontherailwaysellingcandyandnewspapers.Three years later, he suffered an ear injuryfrom a train accident and lost much of hishearing. He could have had an operation, buthe refused.He insistedthatbeingdeafhelpedhim concentrate on his experiments.Thomas

4、 Edisons first invention was theautomatictelegraphrepeater.He was alreadyan expert on the telegraph before he came upwithagadgetthatsenttelegraphsignalsbetween unmanned stations. Thanks to Edison,people were then able tosendseveraltelegraph messages simultaneously .Next came the electric vote record

5、er. Itmade votingquickerand more accurate,yetnoone wantedtobuy it.Edisonthenmoved on totackle the stockmarket ticker, the machinethatgaveinformationaboutstockmarketprices.Edisonimprovedit,andsoldthepatent for US 40,000.Inhislatetwenties,Edisonbuiltan“inventionfactory”whereheandhisbusiness partners c

6、ould dedicate all theirtime to inventing. After improving upon thetelephone,Edison createdthephonograph,hisfavoriteandmostlucrativeinvention.Although Edison did not actually invent thelight bulb, he did create an electric lighting system which led to its widespreaduse.有許多人認(rèn)為是愛(ài)迪生一手創(chuàng)造了二十世紀(jì)。雖然有不少人可能有不同

7、的看法， 但有一件事是無(wú)法否認(rèn)的， 愛(ài)迪生是個(gè)天才， 以及他的發(fā)明深刻地影響了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的發(fā)展。1847 年愛(ài)迪生出生于俄亥俄州。他僅僅只上了三個(gè)月的學(xué)。 在愛(ài)迪生的老師聲稱他有學(xué)習(xí)障礙之后，他的母親決定在家教他。 在家里， 愛(ài)迪生可以隨心所欲地探索最使他感興趣的事物。十歲那年，愛(ài)迪生在家里的地下室建了一間科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。從此，愛(ài)迪生就成了一位孜孜不倦的實(shí)驗(yàn)者。十二歲時(shí)，愛(ài)迪生找到了他的第一份工作在火車上賣糖果和報(bào)紙。 三年后，一場(chǎng)火車事故導(dǎo)致 他耳朵受傷，幾乎完全失聰。他本可以接受手術(shù)治療，但他拒絕了， 因?yàn)樗麍?jiān)信聽覺(jué)的喪失可以讓他更專心地做實(shí)驗(yàn)。電報(bào)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)器是托馬斯 愛(ài)迪生的第一個(gè)發(fā)明。他發(fā)明

8、的這種裝 置，用于在無(wú)人看管的兩站之間傳輸電報(bào)信號(hào)，在此項(xiàng)發(fā)明前，愛(ài)迪生就已經(jīng)是位電報(bào)專家了。幸虧有愛(ài) 迪生，我們才能在同一時(shí)間傳送好幾封電報(bào)訊息。接下來(lái)的電子記票器讓統(tǒng)計(jì)票數(shù)的速度更快、更準(zhǔn)確， 但卻沒(méi)有人要買。 之后，愛(ài)迪生轉(zhuǎn)而進(jìn)行股票行情收錄器的研究， 他把收錄器作了改進(jìn)并將該項(xiàng)專利以四萬(wàn)美元賣出。近三十歲時(shí)，愛(ài)迪生蓋了一座“發(fā)明工廠” ，可讓他和他的同事專心致力于發(fā)明工作。 在改進(jìn)了電話功能后， 愛(ài)迪生又發(fā)明了留聲機(jī)， 這是他喜愛(ài)的而且最能賺錢的一項(xiàng)發(fā)明。 雖然愛(ài)迪生實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有發(fā)明燈泡，但他的確發(fā)明了電燈照明系統(tǒng)，這導(dǎo)致了燈泡的廣泛使用。Atirelessachiever,Ediso

9、nestablished the first central electric powerstation in 1882, enabling New York to be thefirstcityin theworldto have electriclights.Thiswas th e beginningofthe modern worldinwhich electricity became a way of life.Thefollowingyear,oneofEdison sengineersdiscoveredelectrons,whicheventually led to elect

10、ronics, the branch ofsciencedealingwithelectricity.Thisdiscoverywaspatentedasthe“Edi soneffect ”. Without electronics, we might nothave radio, TV, computers, or space travel.The restofEdison slifewas spentmaking andimprovinginventionsincludingthemotionpicturecamera,thealkalinebattery,thecopymachine,

11、 and the microphone.ThomasEdisondiedattheageofeighty-fourin 1931.Three days later,much ofAmericadimmeditslightsinhonoroftheinventor man who hadmoreimpactonthedeve lopment of present-daycivilizationthananyone else in history.1882 年，這位孜孜不倦的實(shí)踐家建成了第一座中央電站，使紐約市成為世 界上第一個(gè)有 電力照明設(shè)備的城市， 這就是現(xiàn)代世界的開始， 電成為人們的一種生活方式。第二年，愛(ài)迪生手下的一名工程師發(fā)現(xiàn)了電子，最后導(dǎo)致電子學(xué)的產(chǎn)