句子成分分析

1、金榜校區(qū)地址：廈禾路875號(hào)南洋大廈3樓310（金榜公園站旁）5865200康樂校區(qū)地址：南山路396號(hào)南山新村4樓403 （康樂公交站旁）5660032句子成分是指構(gòu)成句子的各組成部分，即詞和詞組在句子中的各種語法意義。句子成分主要有主語、謂語、表語、賓 語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語（賓語補(bǔ)足語）、同位語等。句子成分說明常用詞類主語句子所要說明的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的主體（人或事物）動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者名詞、代詞謂語表示主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞表語放在系動(dòng)詞后表示主語的身份或特征名詞、代詞、形容詞賓語表示及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象動(dòng)作的承受者名詞、代詞定語限定或修飾名詞、代詞形容詞狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞用，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、狀

2、態(tài)、程度等含義副詞、主語 主語是指句子談?wù)摰闹黝}，也就是句中動(dòng)作、行為、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)的主體。通常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名 詞等充當(dāng)。如:1. Betty likes her new bike.（名詞）2. They usually go to school on foot.（代詞）3. To learn a foreign languages not easy.（不定式）4. Plavina basketball after schopls great fun. （動(dòng)名詞）5. What he likes best is unknown. （從句）6.It took him thirty

3、minutes to get there. （it 作形式主語，代替真正的主語to do）二、謂語謂語和主語一樣，是一個(gè)句子的主干之一，表示主語所做的動(dòng)作、具有的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。通常由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及助動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語，它們必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞包括及物動(dòng)詞（vt）和不及物動(dòng)詞（vi），及物動(dòng)詞后面要帶賓語。通常情況下,謂語位于主語之后。如：1. They work very hard.（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）2. She bought a new house last year.（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）3. Tom feels muc

4、h better now.（連系動(dòng)詞）4. We can speakE nglish very well.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）5. They are playing over there.（助動(dòng)詞 + 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）注意：根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的分類構(gòu)成五種句型：三、賓語般接在及物動(dòng)詞后面或介詞后面，通常由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者。動(dòng)名詞以及賓語從句等構(gòu)成。如：1、Tom bought a story-book last week. （名詞）2、How many books do you want? ”“ want seven”（數(shù)詞）3、 He wan ted to ha

5、ve a cup of tea（不定式）4、 She enjoys playing basketball.（動(dòng)名詞）5、 Our teacher said that he would go there.（賓語從句）注意：有些動(dòng)詞需要帶兩個(gè)賓語，一個(gè)是直接賓語（指物），一個(gè)是間接賓語（指人）。下列動(dòng)詞常跟雙賓語：give ; show ; send ; bring ; lend ; leave ; pass ; hand ; tell ; write ; teach ; retur n ; throw ; make ; buy ; do ; fetch ; get 等。 其中make ; buy

6、 ; do ; fetch ; get動(dòng)詞帶的間接賓語放在直接賓語后時(shí)其前須加介詞for ;其余動(dòng)詞一般加 to .如：1、Send her a postcard tomorrow. = Send a postcard to her tomorrow.2、Will you go and fetch me some chalk? = Will you go and fetch some chalk for me?四、表語表語是英語中特有的一種句子成分，是指跟在系動(dòng)詞后用來說明主語的身分、特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的詞?？捎眯稳菰~、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等作表語。常用系動(dòng)詞有：be ; a

7、ppear ; seem ; keep; stay ;remain; get ; become ; turn ; go; feel ; look ; smell ; sound ; taste ; 等等，如：1、Her sister is a nurse. （名詞）2、 When he heard the news, he got angry.（形容詞）3、 We were_at home.last night.（介詞短語）4、 His cup is broken.（分詞）5、Why didn I go to school yesterday? The reason is that I was

8、 ill.（that引導(dǎo)的從句）注意：當(dāng)人稱代詞作表語時(shí)，在口語中常用賓格，在正式文體中用主格。如：“ Who is it? ”Its me / I.”五、定語定語是指用來修飾名詞或代詞的、表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征、所屬關(guān)系等的詞。形容詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞、不定式、介詞短語、分詞等可用作定語。譯成漢語時(shí)常有一個(gè)“的”字；定語一般位于所修飾的詞之前，但修飾不定代詞時(shí)須后置。如：-1 -黃岡申等金榜校區(qū)地址：廈禾路875號(hào)南洋大廈3樓310（金榜公園站旁）5865200康樂校區(qū)地址：南山路396號(hào)南山新村4樓403 （康樂公交站旁）5660032學(xué)習(xí)右法指導(dǎo)中心1、This is a (gr

9、een ) jeep.(形容詞)2、 The building is ( their ) teaching-building.(物主代詞)3、 The ( woman ) doctor is my wife.(名詞)4、I have sth ( to tell you ).(不定式)6、The man ( in front of the gate ) is Mr Li.(介詞短語)5、There is sth ( wrong ) with my radio.(形容詞修飾不定代詞)6、The book ( that I bought yesterday )is written by Luxun.

10、(定語從句)六、狀語狀語是說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征，表示動(dòng)作行為或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、目的、原因、結(jié)果、程度、方式、伴隨、比較等，用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞 或整個(gè)句子。常用副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式或由if ; when等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句來作狀語。譯成漢語時(shí)常有一個(gè)“地”字.女口：1、You are quite right. （副詞，表程度）2、 She will arrive on Monday .（介詞短語，表時(shí)間）3、He came here in order to learn English . （不定式，表目的）4、 If it rains tomorrow , we lstay

11、at home.（狀語從句，表?xiàng)l件）七、補(bǔ)語（在此只介紹賓語補(bǔ)足語）用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的成分就叫賓語補(bǔ)足語。形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、名詞、畐恫等常用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如:1、You may call me .（名詞）2、We must keep our room . （形容詞）3、John asked me . （不定式）4、Keep the lights while you are out. （副詞）to ”必須省略，而在注意：當(dāng)感觀動(dòng)詞和使讓動(dòng)詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語是動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不定式符號(hào) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)中to ”不可省略。八、同位語同位語是指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞語，指同一個(gè)事物，作同一個(gè)句子成分，

12、如:1、This is my cousin, Helen .2、We Chinese are very proud of our country.-5 -同步練習(xí)：劃出下列各句子成分1、The police are running after the thief.2、Driving cars is not easy.3、Do you speak a little Italian?4、To say is easy, to do is difficult.5、They will go and visit the zoo.6、They will arrive in Shanghai at 8:00.

13、7、Our teacher came into the classroom with a smile.8、She told me to meet her at the bus station.漢譯英1、請(qǐng)不要在公共場(chǎng)所(public places)吸煙。9、I must stop smoking.10、The salesgirl showed her several bags.11、Do you want to have a rest?12、The coat with small white flowers is made of cotton.13、I saw Bill go into the

14、 room.14、It getting colder and colder.15、Don worry. Everyth ing goes all right.16、I found him among the crowd.謂前為狀謂后主謂賓，定狀補(bǔ)；主干枝葉分清楚；主干成分主謂賓；枝葉成分定狀補(bǔ)；定語必居主賓前2、昨天你的母親去醫(yī)院了嗎?3、他們還沒完成工作。4、你將什么時(shí)候離開深圳？5、他命令弟弟馬上離開。(一)分析下列句子成分：1. Our school is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you學(xué)習(xí)右

15、法指導(dǎo)中Y3. All of us considered him honest.4. My gra ndfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.7. I love you more tha n her, child.8. Trees tur n gree n whe n spri ng comes.9. They pushed the door ope n.10. Gran dma told me a

16、n in terest ing story last ni ght.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12. All the stude nts thi nk highly of his teachi ng.13. We n eed a place twice larger tha n this one.14. He asked us to sing an En glish song.15. We believe Mr. Smith to be innocent.16. We will make our school more

17、 beautiful.17. He did nt come. That is why he did nt know.18. She showed us many of her pictures.19. The old man lives a Ion ely life.20. I ll get my hair cut tomorrow.21. Go back where you came from.22. We must do whatever the people want us to do.23. At last he got home, tired and hun gry.24. Woul

18、d you please pass me the cup?25. Mary handed her homework to the teacher.26. Do you know the latest news about him?27. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happe n in the cen ter of tow n.28. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany .29. There are so many people in the hall that its ha

19、rd for me to find him.30. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfill it this mon th.（二）請(qǐng)說出下列短文各句中的句子成分：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on thefarm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the ri

20、ce harvest, so every day I work from dawn until黃岡申等金榜校區(qū)地址：廈禾路875號(hào)南洋大廈3樓310（金榜公園站旁）5865200康樂校區(qū)地址：南山路396號(hào)南山新村4樓403 （康樂公交站旁）5660032學(xué)習(xí)右法指導(dǎo)中Y dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow w

21、heat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, myDad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garde n. It does nt ofte n rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garde n. Every evening we pump water from a well. It the n runs along cha nn els to differe nt parts of the garde n.（三）給下列短文加上標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：During a bullfight a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle