虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型

1、精品文檔常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣句型1. if條件句條件狀語(yǔ)從句可分為真實(shí)條件句，即條件滿足，事實(shí)就發(fā)生的情況；和非真實(shí)條件句，即與事實(shí)相反或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的假設(shè)情況。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本句型，即是這種非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。其具體形式如表中所示:條件從句謂語(yǔ)主句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（動(dòng)詞be用were）would/should +動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去時(shí)間相反had + 過(guò)去分詞would/should + have +過(guò)去分詞將來(lái)/、大可能發(fā)生的事動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（動(dòng)詞be用were）或should +動(dòng)詞原形或were +動(dòng)詞不te式would/should +動(dòng)詞原形if i knew english, i would

2、 go abroad to further my study.if i had got up early, i wouldn t have been late.if i were to do it, i should do it at once.【說(shuō)明】在非正式英語(yǔ)中，條件從句中的第一、第三人稱單數(shù)主語(yǔ)后可用was代替were。if i was you, i would accept the invitation.主句中的would可用于各種人稱，而 should只用于第一人稱。在主句中也可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could , might 代替would , should 。if i had had en

3、ough time, i might have done it better.條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were , had , should時(shí)，可以省略從屬連接詞if,然后采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，把 were , had , should移到主語(yǔ)前面。should you pass this way, do drop in for a visit尸if you should pass this way, had i known it, i wouldn t had made such a silly mistake.= if i had known it,were it left to me to de

4、cide whether i should have a job immediately or go onto study at college, i wouldn t hesitate a moment to choose the latter.=if itwere left to me to decide 在同一個(gè)句子中不能一部分表示真實(shí)條件，另一部分表示非真實(shí)條件。 誤if my grandfathercomes tomorrow, i should stay home.正if my grandfather comes tomorrow, i shall stay home.正if my

5、 grandfather were to come tomorrow, i should stay home.有時(shí)，條件和結(jié)果發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，動(dòng)詞形式便要作適當(dāng)調(diào)整，變成錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。if you had taken the medicine, you would be well now.if he were honest, he would had told us the truth.if it hadn t rained so much, we would have a good harvest in autumn.2.介詞或介詞短語(yǔ) without/ thanks to/ but f

6、or +名詞結(jié)構(gòu)代替if條件句表示的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反would/should/could +動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去時(shí)間相反would/should/could詞+ have +過(guò)去分將來(lái)小大可能發(fā)生的事would/should/could +動(dòng)詞原形but for your help, i could sit here and prepare for my mid-term examination.thanks to the man s timely rescue, the child would have been drowned.without the sun and water,

7、 nothing would live.3 . wish + 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在愿望相反一般過(guò)去式（動(dòng)詞be 用 were）與過(guò)去愿望相反had +過(guò)去分詞將來(lái)不大可能發(fā)生的愿望would/should +動(dòng)詞原形i wish i were as strong as you.i wish i had not failed the chemistry examination.i wish i would become a pilot when i grow up .*hope與wish不同，后面接賓語(yǔ)從句一般表示真實(shí)情況，其愿望一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。i hope it will be fine

8、tomorrow.但如果說(shuō)had hoped ,則表示一種過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語(yǔ)從句用would +動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表不。i had hoped tom would attend the meeting.4 . it s (high) time + 從句從句謂語(yǔ)表示是應(yīng)該做某事的時(shí)候了動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/ should + 動(dòng)詞原形it s time we got something to eat.5 . as if或as though +方式狀語(yǔ)從句主句謂語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（動(dòng)詞be用were）與過(guò)去時(shí)間相反非虛擬情況had +過(guò)去分詞與可能發(fā)生的事相反would/should +動(dòng)詞原形

9、he speaks as if he were the manager.he talks as if he had been on the spot.the situation seems as if it would be out of control.6 . if或if only 表示愿望從句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（動(dòng)詞be用were）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望had + 過(guò)去分詞將來(lái)不大可能發(fā)生的愿望would +動(dòng)詞原形if i were with you now!if only i had not been that silly!if only the rain would s

10、top!*此句型大多可與 wish句型轉(zhuǎn)換。如上面三句分別相當(dāng)于:i wish i were with you now.i wish i had not been that silly.i wish the rain would stop.7 . suggest, require, order, etc. +賓語(yǔ)從句在一些表示建議、愿望、要求、請(qǐng)求、勸告、意志、欲望、命令、安排、決定等的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句中，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其形式是should +動(dòng)詞原形。肯定句式中should可以省略，而僅用動(dòng)詞原形。這類動(dòng)詞有:ask, require , request , demand,pray , ins

11、ist ,隨意編輯,commanddesire , maintain , propose , suggest , move , urge , advise , recommend order , arrange , decide 等。she demanded (that) the paper (should) be rewritten.i suggest (that) he (should) get there as soon8 . it is important, required, etc. +主語(yǔ)從句在it is +表示要求、建議、必要、命令等意思的形容詞或分詞+主語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中，要用s

12、hould +動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣， should 可省略。這類形容詞和分詞有：advised ,advisable , better , desired , desirable , demanded , essential , important , natural , necessary , ordered , proposed , possible , probable , preferable , recommended , required , suggested , strange , urgent , strange , incredible 等；這個(gè)表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)也可 以是 it is

13、 a pity , it is a wonder , it is a shame 等。it s necessary (that) we (should) start to do the work right away.it s urgent we (should) send for a doctor at once.it is a pity that she (should) call black white.9 .用于表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在一些表示愿望、建議、要求、命令等意義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句后，謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這類名詞有： advice ， decision

14、 ， idea ， order ， plan ， proposal ， recommendation ， suggestion ， opinion ， requirement ， direction ， policy 等。my opinion is that we (should) review their proposal right now.he made the request that the problem (should) be settled at once.10 lest/ for fear (that)/ in case 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句這類狀語(yǔ)從句表示擔(dān)心、憂慮，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用

15、(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。i m telling you this lest you (should) doubt my sincerity.julia had to go on a diet for fear that she (should) lose her job as a model.11 in order that, so that + 目的狀語(yǔ)從句we started our journey before dawn so that we might stand a chance to reachthere before sunset.12 其他虛擬語(yǔ)氣句式 would rather/would as soon/would sooner +從句i would rather you were in the same group as we are.i d just as soon you didn t repeat such a careless mistake.通過(guò)上下文表示假設(shè)的情況。 2ted just gives up everything