新編大學(xué)英語4單元7翻譯和課后習題答案

1、unit 7 college lifeuseful information when students leave for college at age 17 or 18, many of them have never been away from home and their family. the transition to greater freedom and responsibility may be difficult for them, with no one to wake them up for breakfast or do their laundry, and fewe

2、r classes to attend but larger amounts of homework. some students do not adjust successfully. in the u.s., where almost 70% of high school graduates enter college, only a minority of these actually graduate. elsewhere, with fewer attending college, higher percentages may graduate.college has many so

3、cial attractions, some of which can be distractions. sports, concerts, parties, and dormitory bull sessions (閑聊) can be very time consuming. the temptation to stay up too late at night or sleep too late in the morning is always present, so self-discipline is an important lesson to learn. in addition

4、 many students have part-time jobs, especially in the u.s. where most students have cars and are expected to help their parents pay for tuition or college housing.students and their parents may disagree on how much time should be devoted to studying. but they usually agree that in addition to some l

5、earning and possibly some fun, one of the outcomes of a college education should be a good job. students who have already worked at part-time jobs have an advantage in the job market, but this is not the only way to improve ones chances. many colleges have internships or co-op programs to give stude

6、nts practical experience in their future careers. others have special classes where students can practice their application forms and letters, rsums, personal statements, and employment interviews. most colleges have career counselors and either career days or career fairs where students can meet po

7、tential employers and learn about career alternatives. recently many jobs have been listed on the internet, making it easier to match students with suitable opportunities and more important for students to acquire computer skills.college can be an exciting and rewarding experience, but it can also b

8、e very stressful. making their own decisions can be very difficult for young people accustomed to parental supervision. when students make bad decisions, such as drinking too much beer or procrastinating in their studies, they are not always mature enough to admit or correct their mistakes. but havi

9、ng the freedom to make these mistakes, and the obligation to face their consequences, is part of the learning process. when older people look back on their student years, they usually view this as a happy period of life, even if it did not always feel that way at the time.parents, teachers, advisors

10、, and counselors can help students move successfully from high school to college and from college to careers. but in the last analysis students must do most of this for themselves, with more help than we may realize from their friends and classmates. college students learn as much outside as inside

11、the classroom, and most of this is not learned from adult authority figures. the peer group and the youthful popular culture are increasingly strong influences on todays students. so parents and other potential role models should try to be aware of this, even if they dont always appreciate the lates

12、t trends in casual clothing or pop music. college is a time of change, and the parents can learn almost as much from this as the students can. they too were once students, just as todays students will one day be parents. part one preparation1. talking about your high-school classmates sample: i grad

13、uated from _ high school, a key high school in _ province. among the 50 students in my class, 48 are enrolled in universities, mostly national key universities. three went to peking university and two to tsinghua university. the three who went to peking university are majoring in law, philosophy and

14、 physics respectively and the two who went to tsinghua university are majoring in computer science and information science. in this university alone there are five of us, doing different majors; three of my former classmates are enrolled in normal universities, one in beijing normal university, one

15、in south china normal university and one in east china normal university. 2. talking about your college lifeexpectations vs realitysample :1) campus: expectationslarge and beautiful campus with green grass everywhere and a large sports ground, where you can always see students busy and full of vital

16、ity. realityjust as what i dreamed of a huge campus with magnificent modern buildings, green trees, blooming flowers and a river flowing around. contrary to what i expected, its an old campus, large though, with grey buildings like huge match-boxes, little grass, and a few big trees.2) classroom bui

17、ldings: expectationslarge new classrooms with modern facilities. realitywell equipped teaching buildings with multi-media facilities. large old buildings, with a few classrooms well equipped with modern facilities.3) dormitories: expectationscrowded with little space for everyone. realitytrue, but w

18、e may choose to live in a double room if we can afford the rent.4) students cafeterias: expectationsspacious dining halls, full of hungry students. realitytrue, and there is a great variety of food that will definitely appease our appetite. 5) library: expectationsa large collection of books, journa

19、ls and periodicals; spacious and well-lit reading rooms. realitytrue except that the reading rooms are not large enough and students have to get there early in order to find a seat.6) classmates: expectationsfriendly and speaking different dialects. realitytrue.7) teachers: expectationsold, gray-hai

20、red and wearing thick glasses; strict and formally dressed. realitynot true because many teachers are very young, especially english teachers, many teachers do not wear glasses and many teachers wear casual clothes.3. happy college days sample 1: the most impressive experience for me is running for

21、the chair of the student union. i used to be very timid. that experience, however, helped me gain much confidence. for the first time, i made a public speech and realized, all at once, that i had the potential to organize. one thing that shouldnt be left out is that my friends and classmates gave me

22、 enormous support. i did appreciate what they had done for me. sample 2: i believe that the new years eve of 2004 can never be erased from my mind. thousands of students gathered in the auditorium waiting for the new year. we held the lighted candles in our hands, our hearts beating with the rhythm

23、of the music. minutes went by. when the big clock finally turned straight upward, screams and laughter resonated in the hall. we hugged and said new years greetings to each other. it was such a thrilling moment.4. ten “cs” essential for college students 1) creativity; 2) commitment; 3) connection; 4

24、) confidence; 5) courage; 6) cooperation; 7) curiosity; 8) competence; 9) consideration; 10) communicationpart two reading-centered activitiesin-class readingpre-reading 1) i 2) f 3) j 4) b 5) g 6) c 7) a 8) e 9) d 10) hpassage readingwords, phrases and grammatical points1. you have spent four years

25、 supposing that failure leaves no record. (l. 2-3, passage i) 這個句子中l(wèi)eave 表示to allow or cause something to stay。 e.g. i) the shoes left muddy marks on the floor. ii) if you take two, then that leaves three for me.2. confronting difficulty by quitting leaves you changed. ( l. 5, passage i) this senten

26、ce means: dealing with a difficult situation by quitting will make you a different person. here “changed” is an object complement. e.g. i) the terrible floods left thousands of people homeless. ii) far from improving things the new law has left many people worse off than before.3. . you had better n

27、ot defend errors but learn from them. (l. 11, passage i) here “had better” is similar to a modal verb (情態(tài)動詞), used for recommending action or giving advice. e.g. i) you had better/youd best take a look.ii) youd better stay at home till you get over the cold.4. when you tossed on our desks writing up

28、on which you had not labored (l.20, passage i) the object “writing” has an attributive clause. in order to keep modifiers close to the words they modify, it is put behind the adverbial “on our desk”. and in the attributive clause, the preposition “upon” is put before “which”.5. it was not even that

29、we wanted to be liked by you. it was that ( l. 25, passage i) in both cases, “it” is used to give a reason why the professors do all this (see the question at the end of para.4) and suggest that there may be other reasons. e.g. i) its not that i didnt want to be with my family. ii) it may be that yo

30、u will prove to be the best man. iii) no, no, it couldnt be that they were interested in him.6. , then i dont know what could be. ( l. 17-18, passage ii) here “what could be” is an elliptical clause, meaning: ( then i dont know) what could be useful for the real world.7. your chances of getting into

31、 a fine graduate school are almost none. (l. 23-24, passage ii) the word “chances” here means the possibilities (of getting into a fine graduate school). e.g. i) weve got no chance of getting in without a ticket. ii) being very good at science subjects, i stood a good chance of gaining high grades.課

32、內(nèi)閱讀參考譯文passage i永遠不會聽到的畢業(yè)典禮演說雅各布諾伊斯那1 我們這些教師對于在你們身上取得的教育成就一點都不感到自豪。我們培養(yǎng)你們?nèi)ミm應(yīng)的是一個根本不存在的世界事實上也是不可能存在的。你們在這里度過的四年時間里，一直以為失敗是不會留下任何記錄的。要是學(xué)得不好，一個最省事的辦法就是中途退出（不修這門課），在布朗大學(xué)你們學(xué)會了這一點。但是，從現(xiàn)在開始，在你們要涉足的世界里，失敗是要給你留下疤痕的。知難而退也會使你變成另一個人。走出布朗，知難而退的人絕不是英雄。2 你們可以跟我們爭辯，說服我們?yōu)槭裁茨銈兊腻e誤不是錯誤，為什么平庸的作業(yè)是優(yōu)秀的，為什么你們會對普普通通并不出色的課堂報告

33、感到驕傲。回想一下，畢竟你們中的大多數(shù)人在你們所學(xué)的大部分課程中都得了高分。因此，在這里分數(shù)并不能作為區(qū)分優(yōu)秀學(xué)生與學(xué)業(yè)平平的學(xué)生的依據(jù)。但是，今后，在你們所要去的世界里，你們最好不要為自己的錯誤辯護，而應(yīng)該從中吸取教訓(xùn)。假如你們要求得到你們不該得到的表揚，詆毀那些不給你們表揚的人，這是不明智的做法。3 多年來，我們創(chuàng)造了一個完全寬容的世界。這里所要求于你們的僅僅是一點微不足道的努力。當你們沒有按約定的時間赴約時，我們就再約時間。當你們沒有按期交作業(yè)時，我們裝作不在乎。4 更糟糕的是，當你們的言談枯燥無味時，我們卻裝作你們說的是重要的事情；當你們喋喋不休、不知所云時，我們認真傾聽，似乎你們說的

34、東西事關(guān)重大；當你們把根本沒有花心思寫的作業(yè)扔到我們桌上時，我們不僅拜讀，甚至批改給評語，好像值得為你們這樣做似的。當你們犯傻時，我們裝作你們聰明過人；當你們老生常談、毫無想象力、平平淡淡時，我們卻要像在聽什么美妙絕倫的新鮮事情一樣；當你們要不勞而獲時，我們拱手奉上。所有這一切究竟是為了什么？5 對這一切盡管你們可以想入非非，但我們決不是因為想要討得你們的歡心，而是因為我們不想讓你們來羅嗦。一個簡單的辦法就是作假：微笑，讓你們輕輕松松都得b。6 在這一類的演說中人們往往習慣于引用，在此讓我來引用一個你們從來沒有聽說過的人的話，這個人是拉特格斯大學(xué)的卡特a.丹尼爾教授。他說：“大學(xué)毀了你們，讓你

35、們閱讀那些不值得一讀的論文，聽那些不值得一聽的評論，甚至要去尊重那些無所事事、孤陋寡聞、極不文明的人。為了教育，我們過去不得不這樣做，但是今后不會有人再這樣做了。在過去的50年中，大學(xué)使你們喪失了得到充分培養(yǎng)的機會。由于大學(xué)成了一個輕松、自由、包容、體貼、舒適、充滿樂趣、好玩的地方，它沒有對你們盡到責任。但愿你們今后好運?！? 這就是為什么，在今天進行畢業(yè)典禮之際，我們沒有任何可引以自豪的東西。8 哦，對了，還有一點。盡量不要像對待我們那樣去對待你們的同事和老板。我的意思是，當他們把你們想要但不是你們應(yīng)得的東西給予了你們時，要善待他們，不要侮辱他們，不要在他們身上重演你們與父母之間的那種糟糕的

36、關(guān)系。這一切，我們也都忍受了。正如我剛才所說的，這不是為了討你們的歡心。有一些年輕人只能在同齡人的眼中找到自我，是一些愚昧無知的人，竟然膚淺到以為教授們關(guān)心的不是教育，而是自己的人緣。實際上，很少有教授在乎這類年輕人是否喜歡他們。我們?nèi)萑踢@一切，只是為了擺脫你們。摒棄我們在教學(xué)中給你們造成的這些假象，投身到真實的生活中去吧。passage ii大學(xué)：一個寬恕一切的世界嗎？艾達蒂莫西1 在“永遠不會聽到的畢業(yè)典禮演說”中，雅各布諾伊斯那認為，大學(xué)經(jīng)歷使得我們認為：“失敗不會留下任何記錄”（第一段），而成績是很容易取得的。在諾伊斯那看來，大學(xué)并不是一所很好的著眼于將來生活的預(yù)備學(xué)校，因為它為一個“

37、根本就不存在的世界”而培養(yǎng)我們（第一段）。2 毫無疑問，諾伊斯那在發(fā)表這么強烈的論點之前，該對大學(xué)生活實況做更進一步的審視。他完全無視學(xué)生們?yōu)榱藢W(xué)業(yè)成功而經(jīng)受的一切壓力與艱辛。大學(xué)生活根本就不是他所描繪的那樣。3 大學(xué)難道真的像諾伊斯那所說的那樣，沒有讓我們?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實生活作準備嗎？我們所經(jīng)歷的一切難道無助于我們了解現(xiàn)實世界的嗎？這些問題都是在思考諾伊斯那所說的話時涌現(xiàn)到我的腦海中的。我認為他完全錯了。對我們許多人來說，大學(xué)時代正是我們開始獨立，自己做重要決定，并對這些決定負責的時代。在大學(xué)里，我們必須學(xué)會計劃時間（還包括計劃用錢?。瑢W(xué)會容忍（否則，住在一個擁擠的三人間里，我們會無法過下去的）。我

38、們與來自世界各地的人相識，開闊了我們的視野，使我們彼此加深了解。如果這些對現(xiàn)實世界是沒用的，那我可不知道什么才是有用的。4 諾伊斯那認為，在大學(xué)里我們所接受的教育使我們認為“失敗不會留下任何記錄”，因為據(jù)稱我們犯了錯誤可以輕而易舉地不受懲罰。我要告訴他的是：要是你考試不及格，你就不能再考，或者即使老師明知你一輩子都會恨他，他也不會抹去你的成績。要是你中途放棄了某一門課，下學(xué)期你就得多修課。要是你有幾門課的成績很低，就幾乎不可能進入一個好的研究生院。要是你好幾門課的平均積分點不夠高，那你就得不到學(xué)位。期中考試、期末考試來臨時，沒有人能夠逃避。當學(xué)習緊張時，本來刻苦學(xué)習的人也得更加努力學(xué)習，因為大

39、學(xué)并不像諾伊斯那所認為的那樣，會給失誤提供“省事的”解決辦法（第一段）。大學(xué)不是一個“寬恕一切的世界”，當“最后期限”已過，或者沒有按要求的時間完成作業(yè)時，老師們也絕不會“裝作不在乎”（第三段）。5 對于我來說，生活在一個擁擠的三人間里，期末考試前只有一天時間看書，繁重的閱讀任務(wù)，論文，還有集中在一個星期里進行的期中考試，這些可不是我心目中的“輕松、自由、包容、體貼、舒適、充滿樂趣、好玩”（第六段）。post-readingreading comprehension1. understanding the organization of the textpassage i 1) the mes

40、sage prof. neusner passes to the graduates. (para.1) we take no pride in our educational achievement because we have inadequately prepared students for the real world. reason: at brown, during the four years, students have formed the belief that failure leaves no record, while in the real world fail

41、ure marks you. 2) two different attitudes toward errors. (para. 2) at brown, students defend their errors by arguing about:a. why their errors were not errors;b. why mediocre work was excellent;c. why they could take pride in their poor presentation. in the real world, graduates had better not defen

42、d their errors but learn from them. 3) college is an altogether forgiving world. (para. 3-5)no matter what slight effort students made, they could meet the demand.a. when students broke appointments, professors make new ones.b. when the deadline was missed, professors pretended not to care.c. boring

43、 talks were considered to be important.d. unlabored writing was commented on.e. dull students were treated as if they were smart. the reason why professors did all this was not that they wanted to be liked by students, but that professors did not want to be bothered and pretense was the easy way out

44、. 4) prof. daniels viewpoint. (para. 6)college has deprived students of adequate preparation for the real world. 5) the ending of the speech. (para. 7-8)a. conclusion: on this commencement day, we professors have nothing to take pride in.b. advice for graduates: a. dont act toward your co-workers an

45、d bosses as you have acted toward us. b. go to life and unlearn the lies we taught you here.passage ii1) the points ida timothees going to argue against: (para. 1)a. students have been made to believe that “failure leaves no record”.b. college is not a preparatory school for life.2) ida timothees co

46、mments on neusners points: (para. 2)a. he knows little about students college life.b. he ignores the pressures and hard times students experience at college.3) ida argues against neusners point that college is not preparing students for real life. (para. 3)during the college years, we start to be in

47、dependent, make crucial decisions and are responsible for them.supporting evidence:a. we learn to budget our time and money.b. we are tolerant enough to survive in a crowded triple room.c. we meet people from different parts of the world.4) ida argues against the so-called students belief that failu

48、re leaves no record. (para. 4)her counter-examples:a. if you fail a test or a course, the teacher wont erase the grade.b. if you drop a class, youll have to take more courses next semester.c. low grades or low gpa means no fine graduate school, no degree.d. everyone has to take midterms and finals.e

49、. no teachers have “pretended not to care” when deadlines are not kept.5) idas conclusion: (para. 5) college is not “easy, free, forgiving, attentive, comfortable, interesting, unchallenging fun” to her.2. understanding specific information1) b 2) a 3) b 4) a 5) b 6) a 7) a 8) b3. being ida timothee

50、sample:facts students may list to argue against the professor: most teachers/professors are strict and responsible; class attendance is required, otherwise points will be deducted; our schedule is so tight that we have little time for sports and other activities; we are required to take too many qui

51、zzes, exams, etc.; high marks are very hard to get; our dormitories are crowded and our cafeteria is not spacious enough; we have to learn to take care of ourselves.vocabulary1. beliefdoubtdeepshallowlearnunlearnshamepridepoliterudeinadequateadequatesuccessfailureboringinterestingdependentindependen

52、tmediocreexcellentuselessusefulwell-informedill-informedsmartdullpainfulpainlessimaginativeunimaginative2. 1) deprived of 2) for the sake of 3) get away with 4) dropped out 5) by no means 6) got down to 7) distinguish from 8) look back on 9) gone through 10) after all 11) be rid of 12) on my own3. 1

53、) choice 2) secure 3) hear 4) who 5) keep 6) while 7) now 8) this9) pressure 10) expecting 11) tests 12) within 13) had 14) catch15) marks 16) parents 17) obtain/get 18) teachers 19) relax 20) shape課外閱讀參考譯文after-class readingpassage i大學(xué)期末考試1 那天晚上，我在市中心附近閑坐。風在呼嘯，氣溫很低，這氣氛讓人感到壓抑。我知道，所有這一切讓我想起了什么，很快我就明白

54、是什么了：期末考試。2 大學(xué)生活最痛苦的時刻莫過于冬天期末考試那一周。這種恐懼刻骨銘心，一生都忘不了是一種絕望、沮喪，是意識到自己不得不勉強應(yīng)答一大堆并未掌握的知識，而一個人的未來前途如何，就取決于這種勉強的應(yīng)答。3 我查了一下日歷。果然，西北大學(xué)現(xiàn)在正好是學(xué)期快結(jié)束的時候沿著我面前這條路走過去就是西北大學(xué)。我知道，就在此刻，就在那里，成千上萬的大學(xué)生正埋頭于課本和筆記，使出渾身解數(shù)去背那些晦澀難解的事實和數(shù)字，其實這些東西跟他們毫無關(guān)系。我按捺不住，徑直朝校園走去。在我停下來的第一棟樓里，有一間教室燈火通明。我走了進去。兩個年輕人將資料攤得滿屋子都是。這會兒沒課，只有他們倆。 “嘿，伙計，”

55、我說。他們抬起頭，滿眼的痛苦。他們看上去好像三四天沒睡覺似的。4 “怎么了，年輕人？”我問。5 “請別打擾我們，”其中一個輕聲道。6 “別打擾你們？”我問。7 “期末考試了，”另一人喘著粗氣說。8 我走出教室，開始在校園里悠閑地溜達。男生女生個個神情沮喪，搖搖晃晃地朝圖書館走去。他們有的自言自語，有的抬頭默默祈禱，有的走進樹林，站穩(wěn)身子，然后繼續(xù)往前走。我感覺好極了。我曾經(jīng)是他們中的一員，但現(xiàn)在我不是了。也許，在這世上，期末考試時，置身大學(xué)校園而知道你不必參加考試，可能是世界上最令人興奮的事了。9 那晚大部分時間，我從一棟教學(xué)樓逛到另一棟教學(xué)樓，看著學(xué)生們?yōu)榈诙斓目荚囎鰷蕚?。這一切是那么熟悉

56、。他們圍坐在長桌周圍，前面攤開用螺旋線穿起來的筆記簿，連珠炮似地互相發(fā)問。一次次良久的沉默，接著是試探性地回答。咒罵聲不絕于耳，時不時夾雜著哀嘆。他們跺腳，凝視窗外，仿佛隨時會哭出來。他們偶爾也朝我瞥一眼。在平時，他們可能會對我的出現(xiàn)感到好奇，但是，那天晚上，他們的目光呆滯無神，思維也不清晰了。我翻閱著體育版的消息，朝他們眨眨眼。10 如果我當時善心大發(fā)，我就會告訴他們現(xiàn)實世界中一個最大的秘密。這是我們所有上過大學(xué)的人走出校園后才領(lǐng)悟到的秘密，如果讓大學(xué)生領(lǐng)悟了這個秘密，他們就會輕松、平靜。這就是：現(xiàn)實生活中沒有期末考試。11 確實如此。在現(xiàn)實生活中，你不必了解任何事情。沒有任何情況需要你坐在擁擠不堪的教室里，為集中注意力而瞇起眼睛，或者一字不漏地背出晦澀、荒唐的具體事實。在現(xiàn)實生活中，你可以把書帶上。同學(xué)們，請相信：現(xiàn)實生活是開卷考，如果你忘了什么，你可以去查閱，或者請教比你聰明的人。很容易，比在大學(xué)里容易多了。12 只有在大學(xué)里，你才會遇上像期末考試那樣希奇古怪、令人恐懼的事情。大學(xué)管理者們欺騙學(xué)生們，讓他們相信與龐大的殘酷無情的世界里每天所發(fā)生的事情相比，期末考試不過是溫和的前驅(qū)。但這并不是事實。如果現(xiàn)實世界確如期末考試那樣荒誕可笑、令人厭煩，你就