初中-介詞講解及練習題

1、介詞教師用介詞是一種虛詞，它不能單獨擔任句子成分，必須與名詞或代詞或相當于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句構成介 詞短語，才能擔任句子成分。1、介詞的種類介詞由詞形上可分為簡單介詞和短語介詞。簡單介詞知識一個單詞，如：in，on, after等。短語介詞是由兩個以上單詞集合而成，如：out of， in front of， because of, instead of等。1、表示時間的介詞表示時間”的介詞如下： 表示年、月、日、時刻等用at， in，on 表示時間的前后用 before，after 表示期限等用by，until，till 表示期間等用 for， during，through 表示時間

2、的起點等用from，since 表示時間的經過等用in，with in（1）at， on，inA. at：用于表示時刻、時間的某一點at lunch在午飯時at breakfast早餐時 at noon正午時 at that time那時at night在夜間 at the moment此刻，目前 at present目前 at nine（o cloc）在九點鐘 at first開始的時候，起初 at/on the weekend 在周末 at last 最后 at the same time 同時 at times 偶爾，有時 at the end of 1999 在 1999 年末 at

3、this time of （the）year在一年中的這個時候We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve.我們通常中午吃午飯（十二點吃午飯）注意：表示時間的名詞前有this，last，n ext，every等修飾時，其前面不加介詞。this morni ng今天早上；last Mon day上周一；every week每周B. on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具體的某一時，一律用on）on Mon day 在周一on Tuesday morning 在周二早上on June 6在6月6日on May 4,1996 在 1996 年 5 月 4 日on

4、 a cold night在一個寒冷的夜晚on that day 在那天on Christmas Day在圣誕節(jié)那天on time準時on Mon day evening 在周一晚上on the night of July （ the）first 在七月一日的夜晚we did n t liste n to the lecture on Wedn esday after no周三下午我們沒去聽演講。C. in用于表示周、月、季節(jié)、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段時間內）。in the week在這周 in the holiday在假期中in May 在五月 in summer在夏季in Sp

5、ring 在春季in autumn 在秋季 in 1995 在 1995 in winter 在冬季in September， 1995 在 1995 年 9 月in the morning 在上午in the after noon 在下午in the evening 在晚上stin the 21 century 在二 世紀in time 及時 in an hour 一個小時后 in a minute 會兒，立亥UJack was about to lock the door whe n just in time he remembered his key.杰克正要鎖門，忽然（正在那時他及時）

6、想起了他要拿門鑰匙。The plane took off on time.飛機準時起飛了。People go skat ing in win ter.人們冬天去滑冰。Do they work in the day time or at night ?他們是白天工作還是夜里工作？（2）before， after （注：兩個既可以作介詞又可以作連詞）A . before在之前Wash your hands before dinner. （before 作介詞）吃飯前請洗手。He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o（前一個 beCock作連

7、詞；后一個 before 作介詞）他離開這兒之前/十點之前，將給我打電話。B. after在之后Let sSg some songs after school. （ after 作介詞）放學后咱們唱歌吧！Please close the door after you leave the room. （after 作連詞）離開房間后請關門。（3）by, until/tillA. by在前（時間）；截止（到）How many En glish books had you read by the end of last year?到去年年底以前你看過多少本英文書？She had left by th

8、e time I arrived.我到時（之前）她已經走了。例：by the end of在底（之前）by then到那時 by the time+從句 在之前B. until/till知道為止（時間）we didn t begin to watch TV until/till nine o 一直到九點；我們才開始看電視。（begin是點動詞，所以用否定式）I will wait for him un til he comes here.我將在這兒一直等到他來。（4）for, during , throughA. for達之久（表示經過了多少時間）可以和一般現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時連用，但經常和

9、完成時連用。He has lived here for 20 years.他在這兒已經住了二十年了。We will stay in the city for two days.我們要在這座城市呆兩天。B. during在期間they are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他們打算好好休息一下。C. through 一直（從開始到結束）They played the cards through the night.他們打了一整夜的牌。He stayed in London through the win ter.他

10、整個冬天都待在倫敦。比較：for和during。for之后大多跟表示時間、具體天數(shù)等的數(shù)字名詞。而during后決不能跟表數(shù)字的名詞。（5）from , sinceA. from從起（時間）表示 從開始時，一般都是用詞組fromto，而單純表示確切的從幾點開始時用at。The meeting will be held from eight to ten.這個會議將從 8 點開到 10 點。The meeting will be held at eight.會議將從八點鐘開始。B. si nee自從以來（表示從以前某時一直到現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)）I have bee n sick si nee yest

11、erda y我從昨天起就病了。（強調一直病到現(xiàn)在）The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor. （since作連詞，弓I導時間狀語從句）這個醫(yī)生自從當醫(yī)生 以來已經拯救了許多人的生命。（6）in, withinA. in過后（未來時間）大多用在將來時（一般將來時和過去將來時）。in an hour 一小時之后in a week or so大約一星期之后he will be back in five hours.他五小時之后回來。They said they would arrive here in a week.他們

12、說他們一周后到達。注意：如果用于過去時，用 after+ 時間。She went to Nanji ng last May , and she came back after a mon th.去年五月她去 了南京，一個月之后她又回來了。B. within不超過的范圍within 3 hours 3 小時之內； within a week 一周之內I must finish pai nting the cat within five mi nu tes.我必須在五分鐘之內畫好這只貓。比較：within和in。within強調 在時間之內”，沒有時態(tài)的限制。in是以現(xiàn)在為基礎，in an hou

13、r是指從現(xiàn)在起一小時之后，所以in 一般只用于將來時。2、表示場所、方向的介詞（1）表示場所的介詞：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite（2）表示方向的介詞：into, out of, along , across, through , up, past at, inA. at在某地（表示比較狹窄的場所）at school 上學；at 2 Baker Street 在貝克街 2 號；at home 在家；stand at the door 站在門邊；at a factory 在一家工廠； at the bottom of

14、在下面；at the party 在聚會上； at the back of 在后邊；at the end of 在末尾；at the head of在排頭；at the table 在桌旁；at Mike s hous在邁克家；at table 進餐；at the crossroads 在十字路口；at work 在上班；at the bus stop在公共汽車站；at the station在火車站；sit at my desk坐在我書桌旁I ll meet him at the Beijing railway station.我將去北京站接他。B. in在某地（表示比較寬敞的場所）in B

15、eijing 在北京；in the world 在世界上；in china 在中國；in the street在街上；in bed 躺在床上；in the yard 在院子 里;in a book/newspaper 在書上 /報紙上；in the photo/picture 在照片里 /圖畫里；in the middle 在中部；in a queue/line/row 排隊（在對、行、排里）；in a country在國家（里）；in the house在房子里His brother is in pris on. He was arrested 2 years ago.他哥哥兩年前被捕的，現(xiàn)

16、在他再監(jiān)獄中服刑。Mike works in the prison.邁克在這個監(jiān)獄工作。She was born in Chi na.她是在中國出生的。 on, above, over, under, belowA. on在上面，有接觸面。on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地圖上。There are two maps on the wall.墻上有兩張地圖。On在靠近的地方on the right 在右邊； on the screen 在屏幕上； on the river 在河邊； on the farm 在農場； on the floor 在地板上； on the is

17、land/beach在島上/海濱；on the pavement在人行道上B. above在上方Our plane flew above the clouds.我們的飛機在云端上飛行。C. over在正上方，是 under的反義詞There is a light over Li Mi ng.李明的正上方有一盞燈。A few birds were flying over the sea.有幾只鳥在海上飛。D. under在下面；在之內under the table 桌子下面； under the jacket 在夾克內The dog is un der the table.這只狗在桌子下面。E.

18、 below在下方（不一定是正下方）正下方是 under, below 是 above的反義詞。There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有許多各式各樣的魚。 near, byA. near近的，不遠的near= not far，是far的反義詞。Near還可以指時間，如：in the near future在不久的將來Is there a bus stop near here?這兒附近有公共汽車站嗎？B. By在旁邊，距離比near要近by the window在窗戶旁邊；by me在我旁邊The boy is s

19、tanding by the window.這個男孩正站在窗戶旁邊。 between, among, aroundA. between在兩者之間my teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我們的老師正坐在湯姆和邁克之間。What s the differe nee between A and BA 和 B 之間有什么區(qū)別？B. among在三者或更多的之中There is a beautiful house amo ng the trees.在樹林之中有一間漂亮的房子。He is very popular amo ng the stude nts.他在

20、學生之中很受歡迎（很出名）。C. around環(huán)繞，在周圍，在四周We sat around the table我們在桌子四周坐下來。The earth moves around the sun.地球圍繞太陽轉。 in front of , behind, oppositeA. in front of早的前面；在的前部There is a tree in front of the house.在房屋前面有一棵樹。There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom.在教室的前部有一張大講桌。B. behind在后面b

21、ehind是in front of的反義詞There is a tree beh ind my house.There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵樹。C. opposite 在對面Our school is opposite a university,我們學校在一所大學的對面。He stood opposite me.他站在我對面。 in, into , out of, upA. in在之內，用于表示靜止的位置The stude nts are in the classroo m.學生們在教室里。B. into進入用于表示有特定終點的

22、運動的方向。通常用于表示動作的動詞之后，如：go, come, walk , run等。The stude nts run into the classroom.學生們跑進教室。He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。C. out of和into 一樣，也表示有一定的運動方向the stude nts rushed out of the room.學生們沖出房間。重要：out of的基本含義：從 到外面，離開；在 范圍之外；從（某個數(shù)）之中D. up移動The children climbed up the tree.孩子們爬上了樹。 along, across, pas

23、t, throughA. along 沿著I was walking along the river when it began to rain. 我正沿著河邊散步，突然下起雨來了。B. across 橫過I often swim across the river.我常游泳橫渡這條河。C. past經過Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步經過市政府。D. through 貫穿，通過The sun sho ne through the clouds.陽光穿過云層照射下來。The river was through the city.這條河穿過這個城

24、市。 to, from , forA. to到達地點（目的地）或方向He came to Japan in 1980.他 1980 年來到日本。B. for表示目的地，向”for表目的時，一般都是和固定動詞搭配。leaver for 動身去;start for 出發(fā)去I will leaver for America next week.下周我將動身去美國。C. from從地點起It s about ten minutes walk from here to the cinema.從這兒到電影院大約需步行十分鐘。3、其他介詞（介詞除了可以表示 時間”、場所”以外，有些也可以表示手段”、材料”等

25、。）（1）表示手段和材料的介詞 with , in, by with A.和在一起Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好嗎？B. 具有、帶有He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.他是有著一雙明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。C. 用某種工具或辦法Li Li cut her hand with a knife.莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。I see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。He wrote the letter with a new pen.他用一只新鋼筆寫這圭寸信。說明：“ with（ +形容詞）+名詞”構成的介詞短

26、語可以作定語，放在其所修飾名詞的后面，表示名詞的特征。With one s help某人的幫助下Eg. With the teacher s help I have made p在老師!的幫助下，我取得了進步。 in表示用什么材料（如用墨水，鉛筆等），或用什么語言，或者表示衣著、聲調特點時，不用with，而用in。she wrote a letter in black ink.她用黑色的墨水寫信。Don t write it in pencil but in ink.別用鉛筆寫，用鋼筆（水）寫。Can you speak in English ?你能用英語說嗎?比較:in和with用in ,w

27、ith表示工具或方法時，在譯成中文時區(qū)別不大，但在英語上的用法卻不大相同。用“with ”時，后面的名詞要加上冠詞或代詞。With my ears.用我的耳朵。 With a pencil.用一只鉛筆。用in時，后面加物質名詞，不能加冠詞。In ink用墨水（鋼筆）in pencil用鉛筆。 by通過方法、手段必背：“ by交通工具的詞組：by bicycle騎自行車；by train坐火車；by plane/by air坐飛機；by taxi坐出租車； by car坐小汽車；by ship坐船；by bus坐公共汽車（2）of, from of （屬于）的；表示的數(shù)量或種類This is a

28、 map of chi na.這是一幅中國地圖。Will you please give me a cup of tea?請您給我一杯茶好嗎？ From來自（某地、某人）；以起始（時間或地點）I m from Nanjing我是南京人。I have got a letter from my friend.我收到了一圭寸我朋友的來信。We work from Mon day to Friday.我們從星期一到星期五上班。（3）Without, like , as without沒有，是with的反義詞。Man can t live withouair and water.人類沒有空氣和水不能生存

29、。I can t read the book without using a diction a 不.用字典，我看不了這本書。Please give me a cup of coffee with （without） milk.請給我一杯（不）加牛奶的咖啡。 like像一樣Nancy is just like her mother.南希和她的媽媽一樣。注意：Nancy looks like her mother.（南希和她媽媽長得一樣。）用look時，強調外表。 作為He is famous as a scie ntist here.他在此地作為一個科學家而聞名。They treated me

30、 as a hero他們像對待英雄那樣對待我。The room is dirty as usual.這房間像平時一樣臟。（4）aga in st， about against反對；靠著he is against the plan （ Li Ming ）.他反對這個計劃。（他反對李明） the teacher is standing against the blackboard.老師正 靠著 黑板站著。 about A.關于；各處；身旁Tell me something about your life.告訴我你的生活情況。He looked about himself.他向四處張望。I have

31、 no money about/with me.我身上沒帶錢。B .詢問某人/某物的情況或提出建議What about your sister ?你姐姐情況如何？How about going to the park ?去公園怎么樣？4、介詞短語介詞和動詞、形容詞或名詞相結合后，形成復合詞，有特定的意思。如下：（1）動詞 + 介詞（如：talk about, look at）（2）Be動詞+形容詞+介詞（如：be kind of）（3）介詞 + 名詞（如：at home, on foot, in time ）動詞+介詞t play with fire 別玩火。做得好；擅長于和不同些常用介詞就可

32、構成大量成語at first sight 一見（鐘情） out of breath氣喘吁吁year after year 年復一年day after tomorrow 后天from bad to worse 越來越糟Do nbe good at 在be differe nt fromplay with sth.玩某物（玩耍） Be動詞+形容詞+介詞 be kind to對（某人）親切； be aware of 意識至U be busy with忙于（某事） 介詞+名詞1）英語中有大量成語由介詞構成，單是 at ease 稍息，安心out of action 失靈2）有些介詞夾在名詞之間構成成語

33、： day after day 日復一日地 day before yesterday 前天 heart to heart互相交心的3）還有一些成語包含兩個介詞： from beginning to end 從頭至尾 介詞練習1. The play beg ins at 6: 40 pm. So we have to be at the theatre6:30 pm at the latest.A. after B. around C. un tilD. by2. They held a ceremonythose killed in the battle.A. in honor of B. i

34、n stead of C. in favor of D. by means of3. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothingat home.A. but to read B. but read C. besides readi ng D. except to read4. Write your n ame and address on your bagyou lose it.A. in any case B. in case C. in no case D. in that case第7頁共8頁5. did the profes

35、sor give you much advice? The choice of a career.A. On what B. In what C. What D. For what6. I made coat my own hands. It was made hand not with a machine.A. in; in B. in; withC. with; by D. with; with7. He is running the wind towards the east of the station Tom running the right.A. down; and; on B.

36、 against; with; on C. for; with; in D. with; while; to8. Not all of us know the difference wheat, oats and barley.A. among B. between C. fromD. in9. The young singer is quite popula r the public. She s made a remarkable achievement a girl ofher age.A. with; to B. to; for C. with; for D. for; to10. T

37、he apple trees have lots of big apples them. And some birds are singing the trees.A. in; on B. at; inC. on; in D. with; through11. That woman will quarrel everybody anything.A. about; about B. about; with C. with; aboutD. with; with12. The weather this month has been good .A. on the whole B. general

38、ly speaking C. above all D. on one hand13. We should divide all the potatoes two piles and separated the good ones the bad ones.A. from; by B. into; from C. into; into D. from; into14. They said the building would be completed a year.A. after B. forC. in D. about15. These boxes are too heavy for me to carry. Here, I ll give you a hand them.A. for B. toC. withD. by1. D。從 戲劇在下午6:40開始”可知到達劇院的時間最遲不應晚于6:30。A項表示 下午6:30后到劇院”，C項表示“在劇院呆到下午 6:30 為止”，均不合題意。 B 項干擾性最強， around 意為“左右，大約 ” ,但在 6:30 pm 后有 at the latest 最“晚 ”二,者相矛盾。 C 項 by 是 not later than（ 不遲于 ）之意，整合題意。2. A。i