基于Android的個(gè)人理財(cái)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案

1、基于android的個(gè)人理財(cái)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案【前言】在當(dāng)今，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的蓬勃發(fā)展帶來(lái)了金融理財(cái)領(lǐng)域的巨大變革和創(chuàng)新，新的金融工具和理財(cái)觀點(diǎn)不斷產(chǎn)生，迅速地刷新著傳統(tǒng)的理財(cái)觀念?，F(xiàn)代人的社會(huì)生活離不開(kāi)錢。錢的范疇可以很廣泛：現(xiàn)金、薪水、銀行賬戶、信用卡乃至股票、保險(xiǎn)、房貸，還有各種消費(fèi)。對(duì)于個(gè)人而言，從認(rèn)識(shí)錢到管理錢（或者從這里開(kāi)始換個(gè)概念“個(gè)人理財(cái)”）是每一個(gè)現(xiàn)代人的必修課。隨著移動(dòng)智能技術(shù)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用,智能手機(jī)已經(jīng)滲透到我們生活、工作、學(xué)習(xí)的每一個(gè)角落。人們迫切需要一個(gè)能充分利用智能手機(jī)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，可以管理個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)的軟件平臺(tái)，利用這個(gè)平臺(tái)使得個(gè)人能隨時(shí)隨地、快捷的對(duì)自己的財(cái)務(wù)繼續(xù)明晰的記錄、管理?！局?/p>

2、題】1.個(gè)人理財(cái)與記賬 理財(cái)是一門復(fù)雜的學(xué)問(wèn)，涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)、會(huì)計(jì)、金融等知識(shí)領(lǐng)域。個(gè)人理財(cái)?shù)幕纠碚摽蚣?，包含?cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)管理、投資理財(cái)和理財(cái)規(guī)劃等方面。 個(gè)人理財(cái)通常的第一步是從記賬開(kāi)始。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，記賬是指記錄一個(gè)人的收入和消費(fèi)，以及所有的資金往來(lái)。通過(guò)記賬，人們可以掌握收入如何分配，財(cái)富以什么形式存在；通過(guò)記賬，人們能隨時(shí)的掌握消費(fèi)是如何發(fā)生，消費(fèi)在什么時(shí)間什么地方。記賬的結(jié)果和目標(biāo)，不只是一盤流水帳，而是通過(guò)系統(tǒng)的分析進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)，準(zhǔn)確地反映一個(gè)人的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。2.移動(dòng)記賬的意義與發(fā)展前景 移動(dòng)記賬是指通過(guò)掌上智能設(shè)備（如手機(jī)、pda ）實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)管理的軟件應(yīng)用解決方案?，F(xiàn)代的記賬有很多形式。人

3、們可能會(huì)隨身帶上紙和筆來(lái)記賬，這種方法確實(shí)可行，但是原始的這種記賬方式要花費(fèi)大量的額外時(shí)間去進(jìn)行后期的數(shù)據(jù)錄入和整理。也有很多人可能已經(jīng)開(kāi)始使用 excel 電子表格、或者使用計(jì)算機(jī)的理財(cái)服務(wù)網(wǎng)站，這類工具不僅支持記賬，還附有強(qiáng)大的理財(cái)分析功能，但是由于該設(shè)計(jì)是在固定的終端，限制了記賬的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，這導(dǎo)致人們不能在消費(fèi)發(fā)生時(shí)隨時(shí)的進(jìn)行記賬，引發(fā)想記賬時(shí)忘記的消費(fèi)的部分信息。手機(jī)是現(xiàn)代生活非常普遍的隨身通訊工具。尤其是智能手機(jī)的出現(xiàn)和普及使移動(dòng)計(jì)算成為一件十分簡(jiǎn)單的事情 。移動(dòng)記賬的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于人們對(duì)發(fā)生中的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)即時(shí)進(jìn)行記錄，保證了消費(fèi)記錄的精確性。人們可以實(shí)時(shí)的監(jiān)控自己的資產(chǎn)數(shù)量和消費(fèi)狀況。通

4、過(guò)這樣系統(tǒng)的記賬，從而進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)生活目標(biāo)。3 國(guó)內(nèi)外個(gè)人記賬理財(cái)對(duì)比 在西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家個(gè)人理財(cái)軟件已是相當(dāng)普遍和成熟的個(gè)人消費(fèi)軟件，在國(guó)外，利用理財(cái)軟件記錄自己的財(cái)務(wù)就像辦公軟件一般，成為許多個(gè)人手機(jī)必備的工具，個(gè)人的記賬理財(cái)也在這里提醒出來(lái)。但是，在我國(guó)，使用手機(jī)記賬的人少之又少。甚至很多人連基本的理財(cái)常識(shí)都不具備，不會(huì)運(yùn)用科學(xué)的方法進(jìn)行理財(cái)，更何況說(shuō)用手機(jī)個(gè)人理財(cái)軟件來(lái)管理自己的財(cái)務(wù)。國(guó)外的記賬理財(cái)軟件已經(jīng)做到結(jié)合銀行的系統(tǒng)，使能用戶直接對(duì)自己的信用卡和儲(chǔ)蓄卡查看，國(guó)內(nèi)的軟件基本未實(shí)現(xiàn)該功能。5 現(xiàn)存?zhèn)€人理財(cái)軟件的缺陷 在國(guó)內(nèi)，一般的個(gè)人記賬理財(cái)軟件有的功能過(guò)于繁多，用戶用到的也許就其中的某

5、幾樣功能，其他功能相當(dāng)與擺設(shè)，而且伴隨的功能繁多，這種軟件只適合年輕人使用。有的過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單，滿足不了用戶的需求。 android 平臺(tái)上存在不少記賬/個(gè)人理財(cái)類的應(yīng)用，有免費(fèi)的，有收費(fèi)的；有功能單一的，有功能復(fù)雜的。它們表面上提供相似的功能，但在實(shí)用上也存在很大的差異。下面從三個(gè)方面來(lái)分析： 1.是否遵守會(huì)計(jì)基本原則2.是否采用復(fù)式記賬法3.是否有友好易用的用戶接口6 個(gè)人記賬理財(cái)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)思路 在我國(guó)個(gè)人記賬理財(cái)軟件的缺陷中總結(jié)，設(shè)計(jì)適合大部分的軟件，并保留實(shí)用的功能。在基本功能中，對(duì)收入和支出的管理是主要功能，在信用卡和儲(chǔ)蓄卡的管理方面實(shí)現(xiàn)手動(dòng)的記錄?？紤]方便用戶的查看，在查看流水的功能中對(duì)

6、類別、時(shí)間、賬戶進(jìn)行分類查看，在主頁(yè)用餅形報(bào)表的形式對(duì)信息進(jìn)行顯示。為方便用戶的記賬，實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)記賬功能，對(duì)用戶每天，每月等固定的收支進(jìn)行自動(dòng)記錄，并對(duì)固定收支進(jìn)行管理。用戶每天的消費(fèi)用戶未必能及時(shí)的進(jìn)行記錄，在這方面實(shí)現(xiàn)提醒記賬功能，對(duì)用戶進(jìn)行每天的提醒，并在消費(fèi)點(diǎn)消費(fèi)時(shí)對(duì)用戶及時(shí)的提醒，并開(kāi)發(fā)地圖消費(fèi)點(diǎn)的管理模塊，在地圖功能中也能對(duì)周邊的超市進(jìn)行顯示。為了方便用戶的使用在桌面開(kāi)發(fā)的快捷記賬，點(diǎn)開(kāi)即可方便的記賬?！究偨Y(jié)】隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，人們的生活越來(lái)越富裕。隨著智能手機(jī)的發(fā)展，個(gè)人理財(cái)系統(tǒng)已成為越來(lái)越多人管理自己的財(cái)務(wù)的平臺(tái)。智能手機(jī)的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于利用它能夠隨時(shí)隨地方便快捷的地進(jìn)行財(cái)務(wù)

7、信息管理。使用智能手機(jī)進(jìn)行信息個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)管理，不僅提高了工作效率，而且大大的提高了其安全性。尤其是在近幾年，隨著智能手機(jī)的高速普及，個(gè)人記賬理財(cái)系統(tǒng)的使用范圍逐步擴(kuò)大，從最早的簡(jiǎn)單使用紙筆記錄家庭、個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)的收支情況到用計(jì)算機(jī)，到現(xiàn)在用智能手機(jī)對(duì)財(cái)務(wù)的收支、查詢、匯總等等。【參考文獻(xiàn)】1android核心技術(shù)與實(shí)例詳解(含dad光盤1張) 吳亞峰 等編著，2010年10月，電子工業(yè)出版社2財(cái)務(wù)與會(huì)計(jì), 于加榮, 2001年 中國(guó)財(cái)政雜志社. 3android應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā) （美）羅杰 等著，李耀亮 譯，2010年09月，人民郵電出版社 4 android應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)揭秘 楊豐盛著，2010年01月，機(jī)械工

8、業(yè)出版社5 android內(nèi)核分析 j，陳璟，陳平華，李文亮等編著，2009年11月6android基礎(chǔ)教材(第3版) （美）伯內(nèi)特 著，田俊靜 等譯，2010年08月，人民郵電出版社 7android移動(dòng)開(kāi)發(fā)案詳解張利國(guó)，代聞，龔海平 編著，2010年02月，人民郵電出版社8android2.0開(kāi)發(fā)實(shí)戰(zhàn)寶典吳亞峰，蘇亞光，2010年07月，人民郵電出版社9軟件工程，王慧芳、畢建全著，2006年9月，浙江大學(xué)出版社10 android應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)(高等院校信息技術(shù)規(guī)劃教材)王向輝，張國(guó)印，沈潔 編著，2010年03月，清華大學(xué)出版社11 張仕成，基于google android平臺(tái)的應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)

9、發(fā)與研究j，2009年28月計(jì)算機(jī)與信息學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)譯文程序員指南此文選自 android程序員指南 作者j.f.dimarzio關(guān)于作者：j.f.dimarzio是一個(gè)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)和程序開(kāi)發(fā)領(lǐng)域擁有超過(guò)15年經(jīng)驗(yàn)的程序開(kāi)發(fā)員并且是7本關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)書籍的作者。他已經(jīng)成為it界顧問(wèn)和發(fā)展的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人物。他住在centralflorida.關(guān)于技術(shù)編輯：gilbertl.polo是一個(gè)在電信，財(cái)政，最近最多是教育機(jī)構(gòu)工作上擁有超過(guò)20年經(jīng)驗(yàn)的程序開(kāi)發(fā)員。他已經(jīng)用多種語(yǔ)言（包括c,c+,java和c#）項(xiàng)目編程。第一章 什么是 android?關(guān)鍵技術(shù)&概念l 嵌入式設(shè)備編程

10、項(xiàng)目歷史l 解釋開(kāi)放手機(jī)聯(lián)盟l 第一次觀看android主屏幕-能夠說(shuō)，傳統(tǒng)的桌面應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)者已經(jīng)很受寵了。這不是說(shuō)傳統(tǒng)桌面應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)比其他形式的開(kāi)發(fā)更簡(jiǎn)單。然而，作為一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)桌面應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)者，我們已經(jīng)有創(chuàng)建所有我們能夠想象的任何一種應(yīng)用程序的能力。我也指包括我在內(nèi)，因?yàn)槲乙郧熬烷_(kāi)始桌面項(xiàng)目開(kāi)發(fā)。一方面，我們已經(jīng)有能力去和桌面操作系統(tǒng)互動(dòng)已經(jīng)使桌面編程開(kāi)發(fā)更易接受，這樣的互動(dòng)是和任何底層的硬件的。相當(dāng)自由（或者至少有很小的例外）。這種自由、獨(dú)立地編程，已經(jīng)不再是那些敢于冒險(xiǎn)跳進(jìn)手機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)黑水中的小數(shù)量的開(kāi)發(fā)者能夠獲得的。注意：在這個(gè)討論中我提及到了兩種不同的開(kāi)發(fā)者：傳統(tǒng)桌面應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)者，

11、他們幾乎用所有的編程語(yǔ)言來(lái)工作，他們的最終產(chǎn)品、應(yīng)用程序被構(gòu)建成能運(yùn)行在任何一種桌面操作系統(tǒng)上；android開(kāi)發(fā)者（java開(kāi)發(fā)者），為android平臺(tái)開(kāi)發(fā)。這不是有意圖說(shuō)哪一種開(kāi)發(fā)者在某種意義上比另一種更好或者更壞。然而，這個(gè)討論意圖在于：桌面操作系統(tǒng)環(huán)境和移動(dòng)操作系統(tǒng)環(huán)境android的開(kāi)發(fā)形式和開(kāi)發(fā)工具的比較。簡(jiǎn)短的嵌入式設(shè)備開(kāi)發(fā)歷史很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，手機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)者構(gòu)成了一個(gè)認(rèn)作是嵌入式設(shè)備開(kāi)發(fā)者的小的稍微大點(diǎn)的派別。理解成一個(gè)小的具有魅力的桌面家族成員-后來(lái)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)web-開(kāi)發(fā)，嵌入式設(shè)備開(kāi)發(fā)代表性地得到聞名的短的結(jié)局，遠(yuǎn)至硬件和操作系統(tǒng)特色，因?yàn)榍度胧皆O(shè)備制造業(yè)在特色支持方面惡名昭彰地吝嗇

12、。嵌入式設(shè)備制造廠商典型地需要封閉地保護(hù)他們硬件的機(jī)密，因此，當(dāng)嵌入式設(shè)備開(kāi)發(fā)者試著去與特殊的設(shè)備互動(dòng)時(shí)嵌入式設(shè)備制造廠商給他們很少的函數(shù)庫(kù)去調(diào)用。嵌入式設(shè)備不同于桌面系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)嵌入式設(shè)備是一個(gè)典型的“片上計(jì)算機(jī)”。例如：考慮你的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電視機(jī)的遠(yuǎn)程控制。它不是真正看上去像一個(gè)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的復(fù)雜技術(shù)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。當(dāng)任何一個(gè)按鈕按下，芯片以一種方法解釋信號(hào)（已經(jīng)編程嵌入到設(shè)備中）。這允許設(shè)備從輸入設(shè)備（鍵盤）知道用戶期望干什么，和如何對(duì)這些命令響應(yīng)（例如，打開(kāi)電視機(jī)）。這是一個(gè)來(lái)自嵌入式設(shè)備的編程例子。然而，信或不信，諸如這些簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)備被明確涉及到早期手機(jī)設(shè)備和開(kāi)發(fā)的根源。大多數(shù)嵌入式設(shè)備運(yùn)行（在一些情況仍然

13、運(yùn)行）在專有的操作系統(tǒng)上。選擇創(chuàng)建一個(gè)專有的操作系統(tǒng)而不是使用任何消費(fèi)者系統(tǒng)的理由是：這是一個(gè)產(chǎn)品正真必需的。簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)備不需要很耐用、完善的操作系統(tǒng)。作為一種設(shè)備產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展，大約2年前左右，許多復(fù)雜的嵌入式設(shè)備，例如早期的pdas，家庭安全系統(tǒng)，和和gpss，被移植到有點(diǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的操作系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)上。小體積的操作系統(tǒng)如linux，或甚至嵌入式版本的microsoftwindows，已經(jīng)是在許多嵌入式設(shè)備上很流行了。圍繞這個(gè)時(shí)間段的設(shè)備發(fā)展，手機(jī)從其他的嵌入式設(shè)備分支成他們己的路線。當(dāng)你查看他們的業(yè)績(jī)時(shí)，這個(gè)分支顯得很明顯。幾乎從他們起初，當(dāng)運(yùn)行專有的軟件（被制造廠商擁有和控制，幾乎也總是被考慮是“封

14、閉”系統(tǒng)）時(shí)，手機(jī)就已經(jīng)成為終端設(shè)備的范圍內(nèi)。制造廠商使用專有的操作系統(tǒng)的實(shí)踐開(kāi)始比其他任何理由更加不必要。這是因?yàn)槭謾C(jī)制造商代表性的使用完全在內(nèi)部開(kāi)發(fā)出的硬件。或至少硬件是為運(yùn)行手機(jī)設(shè)備特別開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)的，結(jié)果，這些硬件、專有系統(tǒng)不是開(kāi)發(fā)地可獲得的，空架的軟件包，或者解答（這些都是能夠確切與他們硬件互動(dòng)的）。自制造商想更可靠地保護(hù)他們的硬件交易機(jī)密（通過(guò)允許接近設(shè)備軟件水平可以顯露出來(lái)），通常的實(shí)踐是（在多數(shù)情況下仍然是）通過(guò)完全專用的和封閉的軟件來(lái)運(yùn)行他們的設(shè)備。接下來(lái)就是，任何想為手機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)能夠在上面運(yùn)行的應(yīng)用程序的人不得不去揭秘專有系統(tǒng)環(huán)境。解決方法是直接向制造商購(gòu)買昂貴的開(kāi)發(fā)工具。這孤立了

15、很多“業(yè)余愛(ài)好”的開(kāi)發(fā)者們。注意：一種成長(zhǎng)的業(yè)余愛(ài)好開(kāi)發(fā)者文化已經(jīng)擁抱著手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)。“業(yè)余愛(ài)好者”隊(duì)伍事實(shí)涉及到了那些具有代表性的、不是為手機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)公司工作的開(kāi)發(fā)者和普遍地小生產(chǎn)，利用他們自己時(shí)間開(kāi)發(fā)產(chǎn)品的人。其他的，更多強(qiáng)制的“必需品”是硬件制造商對(duì)于“內(nèi)存對(duì)照需求”困境的解答（這使天天進(jìn)行手機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)的開(kāi)發(fā)者難以入手）。直到最近，手機(jī)不是比實(shí)現(xiàn)多一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，接收電話，跟蹤你的聯(lián)系，并且可能的發(fā)送和接收文本短信；當(dāng)今他們不是真正的“瑞士軍刀”技術(shù)。甚至遲到2002年，帶有照相機(jī)的手機(jī)在消費(fèi)者的手上一般的也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到。到1997年，小應(yīng)用程序例如計(jì)算器和游戲（俄羅斯方塊，舉例）緩慢地在手機(jī)上爬行他們

16、的發(fā)展路線，但是這些無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能仍然是電話撥號(hào)程序本身。手機(jī)還沒(méi)有成為今天它們的多樣的，多功能的個(gè)人工具。這是可能的，1997年，手機(jī)制造商完全沒(méi)有意識(shí)到消費(fèi)者需求是所有功能集聚一個(gè)設(shè)備上。不過(guò)，即使這個(gè)需求是目前的，設(shè)備的內(nèi)存缺乏，存儲(chǔ)能力是一個(gè)更大的要去克服的障礙。更多的人可能已經(jīng)想過(guò)他們的設(shè)備變成聚集所有功能為一身的工具，但是制造商仍然不得不攀爬內(nèi)存障礙。為了使問(wèn)題簡(jiǎn)單，這使得任何設(shè)備上讓內(nèi)存去存儲(chǔ)和運(yùn)行應(yīng)用程序，包括手機(jī)。手機(jī)，作為一種設(shè)備，直到最近都還沒(méi)有使手機(jī)容易包含額外程序的大量?jī)?nèi)存。在最近兩年里，內(nèi)存價(jià)格已經(jīng)達(dá)到很低的水平了。設(shè)備制造商現(xiàn)在有能力以更低的價(jià)格包含更多的內(nèi)存?，F(xiàn)

17、在很多手機(jī)擁有比1990世紀(jì)中期普通pc機(jī)更標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的內(nèi)存。因此，現(xiàn)在我們有了需要、內(nèi)存，我們可以深入，并且在世界范圍里為手機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)酷的應(yīng)用程序，對(duì)不？不是確切的。設(shè)備制造商仍然封閉地保護(hù)運(yùn)行在他們?cè)O(shè)備上的操作系統(tǒng)。而一些對(duì)這一點(diǎn)已經(jīng)開(kāi)放，他們?cè)试S一些以java為基礎(chǔ)的應(yīng)用程序在手機(jī)上的小環(huán)境里運(yùn)行，許多的都不允許這樣做。甚至某些不允許運(yùn)行一些java應(yīng)用程序的系統(tǒng)不允許接近標(biāo)準(zhǔn)桌面開(kāi)發(fā)者習(xí)慣去擁有的核心系統(tǒng)。開(kāi)放手機(jī)聯(lián)盟和 android在2007年11月，當(dāng)google，在開(kāi)放手機(jī)聯(lián)盟下，發(fā)布android，這個(gè)對(duì)于應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)者的障開(kāi)始消失。開(kāi)放手機(jī)聯(lián)盟是一個(gè)硬件和軟件開(kāi)發(fā)者組織，它包 括 g

18、oogle 、ntt docomo ，sprint nextel， 和 htc，它的目標(biāo)是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)更 開(kāi)放的手機(jī)環(huán)境。在開(kāi)放手機(jī)聯(lián)盟組織下發(fā)布的第一個(gè)產(chǎn)品是android-移動(dòng)設(shè)備操作系統(tǒng)。（獲得更多關(guān)于開(kāi)放手機(jī)聯(lián)盟的信息，登陸）和android發(fā)行一起，google開(kāi)發(fā)了可獲得的主要開(kāi)發(fā)工具和指南去幫助要成為新系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)者的人。幫助文檔、平臺(tái)軟件開(kāi)發(fā)包（sdk）和甚至在google的android網(wǎng)站上能被找到的一個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)者社區(qū)，/android.這個(gè)網(wǎng)站應(yīng)該是你的入門點(diǎn)，我十分鼓勵(lì)你去訪問(wèn)該網(wǎng)站。注

19、意：google，為促進(jìn)新的android操作系統(tǒng)，甚至開(kāi)始了舉辦了一個(gè)1000萬(wàn)的競(jìng)賽，尋求新的、令人興奮地android應(yīng)用程序。而運(yùn)行在linux、windows、甚至palmos上的手機(jī)能輕易找到，到寫這書為止，沒(méi)有硬件平臺(tái)被宣布專門為android所運(yùn)行。htc、lg電子、motorola和samsung都是開(kāi)放手機(jī)聯(lián)盟的成員，在android已經(jīng)被發(fā)布之下，我們只希望他們?yōu)閍ndroid-based設(shè)備在未來(lái)有計(jì)劃實(shí)行。在它2007年11月發(fā)行，這系統(tǒng)本身仍然只是一個(gè)測(cè)試版軟件。這對(duì)于開(kāi)發(fā)者是一個(gè)好消息，因?yàn)樗o我們一個(gè)展望未來(lái)系統(tǒng)珍貴的進(jìn)步發(fā)展和一個(gè)開(kāi)始開(kāi)發(fā)將會(huì)很快在被發(fā)布的硬件

20、上運(yùn)行的應(yīng)用程序的機(jī)會(huì)。注意：這個(gè)策略清楚地給開(kāi)放手機(jī)聯(lián)盟一個(gè)大優(yōu)勢(shì)超過(guò)別的手機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)者，因?yàn)閷?duì)于第一個(gè)發(fā)布的運(yùn)行android的設(shè)備將會(huì)有無(wú)數(shù)的應(yīng)用程序可以直接獲得。android作為一個(gè)系統(tǒng),是一個(gè)運(yùn)行在linux2.6內(nèi)核上的基于java的操作系統(tǒng).這個(gè)系統(tǒng)非常輕量級(jí)的,并且功能豐富.圖1-1展示未修改的android主屏幕。擁有圖1-1目前版本android主屏幕，模擬器android應(yīng)用程序是用java開(kāi)發(fā)的，能夠十分簡(jiǎn)單的裝入新的平臺(tái)。如果你還沒(méi)有下載java或者不確信需要哪個(gè)版本，我在第二章節(jié)詳述安裝開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境。android的其他特色包括加速3d繪圖引擎（依賴于硬件支持），

21、sqlite強(qiáng)力支持的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，和一個(gè)綜合完整的web瀏覽器。如果你熟練java編程或者是一個(gè)任何種類的oop開(kāi)發(fā)者，你可能用過(guò)用戶界面（ui）開(kāi)發(fā)，那是ui放置（直接在項(xiàng)目源碼中運(yùn)用的）。android能識(shí)別和允許為項(xiàng)目的ui做開(kāi)發(fā)，也支持更新的，基于xml的ui編排設(shè)計(jì)。xmlui編排設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)于一般桌面開(kāi)發(fā)者是一個(gè)相當(dāng)新的概念。在本書支持的章節(jié)里我將涵蓋xmluilayout和項(xiàng)目的ui開(kāi)發(fā)。android一個(gè)最令人興奮和注目的特色是它的架構(gòu)，三部分運(yùn)用程序-包括“home-grown”當(dāng)這些和內(nèi)核系統(tǒng)綁定，可帶有同樣的系統(tǒng)優(yōu)先權(quán)執(zhí)行。這是和大多系統(tǒng)一個(gè)主要的違背，它給了嵌入式系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用程序一個(gè)

22、比進(jìn)程優(yōu)先級(jí)（從第三方開(kāi)發(fā)者創(chuàng)建的應(yīng)用程序獲得）更大的執(zhí)行權(quán)。每一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序在它自己的進(jìn)程里使用一個(gè)很輕量級(jí)的虛擬機(jī)執(zhí)行。除了我們能夠獲得用來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)的很大量的sdk和良好的架構(gòu)庫(kù)，對(duì)于android開(kāi)發(fā)者最令人興奮的特色是我們現(xiàn)在允許進(jìn)入任何操作系統(tǒng)所允許的。換句話說(shuō)，如果你要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)撥電話的應(yīng)用程序，你可接近電話撥號(hào)程序，如果你想創(chuàng)建一個(gè)利用電話的內(nèi)在gps的應(yīng)用程序（如果配備），你可以接近它。對(duì)于開(kāi)發(fā)者創(chuàng)建動(dòng)態(tài)的和令人感興趣的應(yīng)用程序的可能性現(xiàn)在是寬闊開(kāi)放了。在這些特色中最頂級(jí)的是從android網(wǎng)站可獲得的平衡，google已經(jīng)投放一些它自己非常逗弄的特色。android應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)者將能

23、夠去把自己的應(yīng)用程序連接到google提供的已經(jīng)存在的程序（例如googlemaps、不所不在的google搜索）上。假設(shè)你想寫一個(gè)獲取一個(gè)打進(jìn)電話的發(fā)出地的google地圖，或者你想能夠存儲(chǔ)你聯(lián)系的一般搜索結(jié)果；利用android可能性的大門已經(jīng)成為直沖的開(kāi)放和寬闊。第二章將開(kāi)始你的android開(kāi)發(fā)之旅。你將學(xué)到怎樣和為什么使用特殊的開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境或綜合完整的開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境（ide），并且你將會(huì)下載和安裝javaideeclipse。專家咨詢q:google和開(kāi)放手機(jī)聯(lián)盟的區(qū)別是什么？a:google是開(kāi)放手機(jī)聯(lián)盟的成員之一。在在google收購(gòu)原來(lái)的android的開(kāi)發(fā)商，在開(kāi)放手機(jī)聯(lián)盟組織下發(fā)布了

24、這個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)。q：是否android有能力運(yùn)行任何linux軟件？a:不是必需的。我確認(rèn)將會(huì)有方法打破許多任何開(kāi)源的系統(tǒng)，應(yīng)用程序需要被編譯后利用androidsdk在android上運(yùn)行。主要原因是android應(yīng)用程序執(zhí)行文件是一種特殊的格式；這將在后面章節(jié)討論。參考文獻(xiàn)：1hello android. introducing googles mobile developmeng platform 3rd.edition,ed burnette,the pragmatic bookshelf2the.android.developers.cookbook building applicat

25、ions with the android sdk,james steele nelson,addison-wesley3 pro android media. developing graphics,music,video and rich media apps for smartphones and tablets,shawn van every,apress4 professional.android.2.application.development.(wrox,.2010,.0470565527)外文文獻(xiàn)原文androida programmers此文選自 android程序員指南

26、作者j.f.dimarzioabout the authorj.f. dimarzio is a developer with over 15 years ofexperience in networking and application developmentand is the author of seven books on computing technologies.he has become a leading resource in the fields of itconsulting and development. he lives in central florida.a

27、bout the technical editorgilbert l. polo is a software developer with over 20years of experience working in the telecommunications,financial, and, most recently, educational industries. hehas programmed in various languages including c, c+,java, and c#.chapter1what is android?key skills & conceptsl

28、history of embedded device programmingl explanation of open handset alliancel first look at the android home screen it can be said that, for a while, traditional desktop application developers have been spoiled. this is not to say that traditional desktop application development is easier than other

29、 forms of development. however, as traditional desktop application developers, we have had the ability to create almost any kind of application we can imagine. i am including myself in this grouping because i got my start in desktop programming.one aspect that has made desktop programming more acces

30、sible is that we have had the ability to interact with the desktop operating system, and thus interact with any underlying hardware, pretty freely (or at least with minimal exceptions). this kind of freedom to program independently, however, has never really been available to the small group of prog

31、rammers who dared to venture into the murky waters of cell phone development.notei refer to two different kinds of developers in this discussion: traditional desktop application developers, who work in almost any language and whose end product, applications, are built to run on any “desktop” operati

32、ng system; and android developers, java developers who develop for the android platform. this is not for the purposes of saying one is by any means better or worse than the other.rather, the distinction is made for purposes of comparing the development styles and tools of desktop operating system en

33、vironments to the mobile operating system environment, android.brief history of embedded device programmingfor a long time, cell phone developers comprised a small sect of a slightly larger group of developers known as embedded device developers. seen as a less “glamorous” sibling to desktopand late

34、r webdevelopment, embedded device development typically got the proverbial short end of the stick as far as hardware and operating system features, because embedded device manufacturers were notoriously stingy on feature support. embedded device manufacturers typically needed to guard their hardware

35、 secrets closely, so they gave embedded device developers few libraries to call when trying to interact with a specific device.embedded devices differ from desktops in that an embedded device is typically a “computer on a chip.” for example, consider your standard television remote control; it is no

36、t really seen as an overwhelming achievement of technological complexity. when any button is pressed, a chip interprets the signal in a way that has been programmed into the device. this allows the device to know what to expect from the input device (key pad), and how to respond to those commands (f

37、or example, turn on the television). this is a simple form of embedded device programming. however, believe it or not, simple devices such as these are definitely related to the roots of early cell phone devices and development.most embedded devices ran (and in some cases still run) proprietary oper

38、ating systems. the reason for choosing to create a proprietary operating system rather than use any consumer system was really a product of necessity. simple devices did not need very robust and optimized operating systems. as a product of device evolution, many of the more complex embedded devices,

39、 such as early pdas, household security systems, and gpss, moved to somewhat standardized operating system platforms about five years ago. small-footprint operating systems such as linux, or even an embedded version of microsoft windows, have become more prevalent on many embedded devices. around th

40、is time in device evolution, cell phones branched from other embedded devices onto their own path. this branching is evident when you examine their architecture.nearly since their inception, cell phones have been fringe devices insofar as they run on proprietary softwaresoftware that is owned and co

41、ntrolled by the manufacturer, and is almost always considered to be a “closed” system. the practice of manufacturers using proprietary operating systems began more out of necessity than any other reason. that is, cell phone manufacturers typically used hardware that was completely developed in-house

42、, or at least hardware that was specifically developed for the purposes of running cell phone equipment. as a result, there were no openly available, off-the-shelf software packages or solutions that would reliably interact with their hardware. since the manufacturers also wanted to guard very close

43、ly their hardware trade secrets, some of which could be revealed by allowing access to the software level of the device, the common practice was, and in most cases still is, to use completely proprietary and closed software to run their devices. the downside to this is that anyone who wanted to deve

44、lop applications for cell phones needed to have intimate knowledge of the proprietary environment within which it was to run. the solution was to purchase expensive development tools directly from the manufacturer. this isolated many of the “homebrew” developers.notea growing culture of homebrew dev

45、elopers has embraced cell phone application development. the term “homebrew” refers to the fact that these developers typically do not work for a cell phone development company and generally produce small, one-off products on their own time.another, more compelling “necessity” that kept cell phone d

46、evelopment out of the hands of the everyday developer was the hardware manufacturers solution to the “memory versus need” dilemma. until recently, cell phones did little more than execute and receive phone calls, track your contacts, and possibly send and receive short text messages; not really the

47、“swiss army knives” of technology they are today. even as late as 2002, cell phones with cameras were not commonly found in the hands of consumers.by 1997, small applications such as calculators and games (tetris, for example) crept their way onto cell phones, but the overwhelming function was still

48、 that of a phone dialer itself. cell phones had not yet become the multiuse, multifunction personal tools they are today. no one yet saw the need for internet browsing, mp3 playing, or any of the multitudes of functions we are accustomed to using today. it is possible that the cell phone manufacture

49、rs of 1997 did not fully perceive the need consumers would have for an all-in-one device. however, even if the need was present, a lack of device memory and storage capacity was an even bigger obstacle to overcome. more people may have wanted their devices to be all-in-one tools, but manufacturers s

50、till had to climb the memory hurdle.to put the problem simply, it takes memory to store and run applications on any device, cell phones included. cell phones, as a device, until recently did not have the amount of memory available to them that would facilitate the inclusion of “extra” programs. with

51、in the last two years, the price of memory has reached very low levels.device manufacturers now have the ability to include more memory at lower prices. many cell phones now have more standard memory than the average pc had in the mid-1990s. so, now that we have the need, and the memory, we can all

52、jump in and develop cool applications for cell phones around the world, right? not exactly.device manufacturers still closely guard the operating systems that run on their devices. while a few have opened up to the point where they will allow some java-based applications to run within a small enviro

53、nment on the phone, many do not allow this. even the systems that do allow some java apps to run do not allow the kind of access to the “core” system that standard desktop developers are accustomed to having.open handset alliance and androidthis barrier to application development began to crumble in

54、 november of 2007 when google, under the open handset alliance, released android. the open handset alliance is a group of hardware and software developers, including google, ntt docomo, sprint nextel, and htc, whose goal is to create a more open cell phone environment.the first product to be release

55、d under the alliance is the mobile device operating system, android. (for more information about the open handset alliance, .) with the release of android, google made available a host of development tools and tutorials to aid would-be developers onto the new system. he

56、lp files, the platform software development kit (sdk), and even a developers community can be found at googles android website, /android. this site should be your starting point, and i highly encourage you to visit the site.notegoogle, in promoting the new android operating syst

57、em, even went as far as to create a $10 million contest looking for new and exciting android applications.while cell phones running linux, windows, and even palmos are easy to find, as of this writing, no hardware platforms have been announced for android to run on. htc, lgelectronics, motorola, and

58、 samsung are members of the open handset alliance, under which android has been released, so we can only hope that they have plans for a few android-based devices in the near future. with its release in november 2007, the system itself is still in a software-only beta. this is good news for developers because it gives us a rare advance look at a future system and a chance to begin developing applications that will run as soon as