高考英語(yǔ)考前精講精練07非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含解析

1、專(zhuān)題 07 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2018 年高考題1. 【2018北京】3. _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled【答案】 B【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：沿著絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的經(jīng)歷?！癬 along the old SilkRoad”做主語(yǔ)，要用動(dòng)名詞，故B 選項(xiàng)正確。點(diǎn)睛：動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一種，兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征。在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。2. 【2018北京】6. Du

2、ringthe Mid-Autumn Festival,familymembers oftengathertogether_a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared【答案】 B點(diǎn)睛：動(dòng)詞不定式可以做主語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等。動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常譯為“為了”。3. 【2018北京】10. Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively

3、.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use【答案】A【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：如果正確使用的話，普通的肥皂可以有效地處理細(xì)菌。Ordinarysoap candeal with bacterialeffectively是主句，_ correctly是條件狀語(yǔ)，修飾 ordinarysoap，ordinarysoap 和use 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過(guò)去分詞，A 選項(xiàng)正確。點(diǎn)睛：過(guò)去分詞所表示的一個(gè)含義就是“被動(dòng)”。4. 【 2018天津】 12. I didnt mean _anything but the ice cream looked so good that I

4、couldn t help_ it.A. to eat； to tryB. eating； tryingC. eating； to tryD. to eat；trying【答案】 D【解析】考查短語(yǔ)固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何東西，但冰淇淋看起來(lái)如此的好以至于我忍不住的要試一試。固定短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)mean to do （打算做），couldn t help doing忍不住做。故選D。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)固定搭配。同學(xué)在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中要多把握動(dòng)詞不同搭配的不同含義，本題需要區(qū)分“mean to do 打算做”與“ mean doing 意味著做”和“ canthelp to do sth. 不能幫助

5、做”與“ couldn thelp doing忍不住做”之間的含義。5. 【 2018天津】 7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.A. takingB. takenC. being takenD. take【答案】B【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我需要一個(gè)新護(hù)照，所以我將不得不拍照片。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)， 賓語(yǔ) my photograph與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。C 項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行。故選 B。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為高中重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法之一。在分析題目的時(shí)候，首先要抓住非

6、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中所作的成分，找出該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯主語(yǔ)，再分析二者之間的關(guān)系，最后根據(jù)句意選擇正確的答案。6. 【 2018江蘇】26. Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod, _theexpectednumber of 12,000 heldby marketanalysts.A. havingexceededB. toexceedC. exceededD. exceeding【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在這期間，大約創(chuàng)造13,500個(gè)新的工作，超過(guò)市場(chǎng)分析師持有的12,000的預(yù)期數(shù)量。 分析全句可知， 這里指前一件事情

7、所帶來(lái)自然而然的結(jié)果，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故選D。點(diǎn)睛：本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要有動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞形式。having exceeded強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后，指的是此動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞create的動(dòng)作之前； to exceed表示將要超出； exceeded 過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。分析句意可知，這里用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。2017 年高考題【 2017 天津卷】 14. The hospitalhas recentlyobtainednew medicalequipment,_ more patientsto be treated.A. being allowedB. allow

8、ingC. having allowedD. allowed【答案】 B【解析】試題分析：句意：近期這個(gè)醫(yī)院購(gòu)進(jìn)了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，允許更多的病人被治療。前句購(gòu)進(jìn)醫(yī)療設(shè)備和后面允許更多的病人被治療之間是必然的結(jié)果關(guān)系，用doing即現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示順理成章的結(jié)果。A. being allowed表示被動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行C. having allowed強(qiáng)調(diào)先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生D. allowed表示被動(dòng)且完成，故選B?？键c(diǎn)：考查非謂語(yǔ)?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，確定了是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，還要判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的成分，和這個(gè)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。【 2

9、017 天津】 10. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _.A. catchingB. caughtC. to catchD. to be caught【答案】 C考點(diǎn)：考查非謂語(yǔ)。【名師點(diǎn)睛】本句考查的是have 的符合結(jié)構(gòu)： have+ 賓語(yǔ) + 非謂語(yǔ)，既是重點(diǎn)又是難點(diǎn)。對(duì)于have 的符合結(jié)構(gòu)，非謂語(yǔ)用什么形式，首先確定have 的詞義，是“有”還是“讓”， have （有） + sth to do sth( 由主語(yǔ)完成） ； have（讓?zhuān)?+賓語(yǔ) + do / doing / do

10、ne (用哪種形式需要具體分析），所以要正確理解句意和本結(jié)構(gòu)的具體用法，靈活掌握才能把題作對(duì)?！?2017 江蘇卷】 21. Many Chinese brands, _ their reputations over centuries, are facingnew challenges from the modern market.A. having developedB. being developedC. developedD. developing【答案】 A【解析】試題分析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。況；再根據(jù)“ over centuries數(shù)百brands 是邏輯主語(yǔ)，和develop 是主

11、謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示伴隨狀”可知，應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，故選A。句意：許多中國(guó)品牌，享譽(yù)年，現(xiàn)在正面臨著來(lái)自現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)的新挑戰(zhàn)。【名師點(diǎn)睛】現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)和伴隨狀況；與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系，或叫主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作是邏輯主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的?，F(xiàn)在分詞的形式有一般式doing/beingdone，完成式 havingdone/havingbeen done。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作和主句謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生時(shí)，使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。e. g. Having watered the vegetables, the farmer took a short rest.Having se

12、en the film twice, he didnt want to go to the cinema with his wife.Having done his homework , the boy began to watch TV.I didn t feel surprised, having expected all this.Not having done it right, I tried again.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。1)表示時(shí)間時(shí)，相當(dāng)于after, before, when , while等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前或與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)

13、發(fā)生。Stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.（發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前）Arriving at the station , he found the train had gone.（之前）He went out , shutting the door behind him.（之后）Walking through the park, she saw a flower show .（同時(shí)）Talking a key out of his pocket , he open the door .（一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短動(dòng)作

14、一發(fā)生，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作緊跟著發(fā)生）之前。Hearing the news , they all jumped with joy.Be careful when crossing the street.While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Jane.Her husband died in 1999, leaving her with two children .Lying under the apple tree, Newton was thinking and thinking .Thinking she must be late,

15、 Miss Smith decided to take a taxi.There are a number of students waiting to be examined.He refused the offer , saying that this would be too expensive.The man feel and slipped, getting off the bus.某一動(dòng)作進(jìn)行時(shí)，發(fā)生了另一個(gè)短暫動(dòng)作或結(jié)果。2) 原因（句首）Being short of money, I applied for the job.Not seeing John, I cant tel

16、l you what he looks like.3) 方式，伴隨Singing a pop song in a low voice, he came into the yard.He stood by the window, watching the children playing.She stopped as if expecting him to speak.His parents arrived late for one day, leaving their children being hungry for a whole day.4) 結(jié)果（后置）She fell, only s

17、triking her head against the rock.He spread a rumor, leading to a great confusion in class.It rained heavily causing severe flood in that region.5) 條件If traveling north, I asked where he was.6) 讓步knowing all this, they still insisted on paying for the damage.Many boys , havinghad few advantagesin th

18、eiryouth,have yet greatcontributionto theircountrylater.Unless paying by credit card, he pays in cash.Though understanding no English, he was able to communicate with them.考點(diǎn)：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞【 2017 北京卷】 27. Many airlinesnow allowpassengersto printtheirboardingpasses online_their valuable time.A. saveB. savin

19、gC. to saveD. saved【答案】 C試題分析：句意：許多航空公司現(xiàn)在允許乘客網(wǎng)上打印他們的登機(jī)牌來(lái)節(jié)省時(shí)間。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式表目的，故選C?？键c(diǎn)：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】不定式的作用之狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等，有時(shí)還有一些固定搭配的不定式短語(yǔ)，如in order to , so asto, soas to, suchas to,.enough to, tooto等。(1) 做目的狀語(yǔ)，justto,only to（僅僅為了）, in orderto, soas to,so(such).asto （如此以便）如：He ran so fast as to catc

20、h the first bus.He came to the school to see his son.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車(chē)。(2) 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。如：He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.He searched the room only to find nothing.(3) 做原因狀語(yǔ)。如：We were very excited to hear the news.I m glad to see you.(4) 做條件狀語(yǔ)。如：To turn to the left, y

21、ou could find a post office.【 2017 北京卷】 30. The nationalpark has a largeto elephants.A. rangingB. rangeC. to range D. rangedcollectionof wildlife,_ from butterflies【答案】A考點(diǎn)：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義；在時(shí)間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作往往正在進(jìn)行或者與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性。如： falling leaves正在

22、下落的樹(shù)葉fallen leaves已經(jīng)落在地上的樹(shù)葉分詞的作用1、 作定語(yǔ)（ 1）單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)，分詞前置。如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.（ 2）分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，分詞后置；分詞修飾不定代詞something 等要后置；個(gè)別分詞如give ，left等作定語(yǔ)也后置。如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.（ 3）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與其修飾的詞是

23、被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：Most of thepeople invited to the party were famous scientists2、 作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞在句中可以作時(shí)間、原因、方式、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語(yǔ)。Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.If more

24、attention was given, the trees could have grown better.( Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.條件 )Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因 ).Though defeated, he didnt lose heart. (讓步)He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴隨 )He came running to tell me the good news. (方式 )

25、注意：（ 1） 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞的動(dòng)作是由主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，分詞就用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過(guò)去分詞。試比較：（ Being）Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書(shū)看上去很舊。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的過(guò)程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書(shū)很有用。（ 2） 分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，如果不一致，就用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即在分詞前加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式主要用于作狀語(yǔ)，一般不用作定語(yǔ)。3、 作表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)具有的特征，過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)多指

26、主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.4、 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分詞和不定式一樣，在一些感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：I smell something burning.I heard him singing the song.I heard my name called.5、 作插入語(yǔ)其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)talking of (speaking of)說(shuō)到strictly speaking嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)judging from從判斷all things consid

27、ered從整體來(lái)看taking all things into consideration全面看來(lái)。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，狗比豬跑得快?！?2017 北京卷】 32.Jim has retired,but he still remember the happy time _ with his students.A. to spend B. spendC. spendingD. spent【答案】 D試

28、題分析：句意：Jim 已經(jīng)退休了，但是他依然記得和學(xué)生一起度過(guò)的快樂(lè)時(shí)光。句子已經(jīng)有了謂語(yǔ)，空格只能填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，邏輯主語(yǔ)是time ，和 spend 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞spent ?？键c(diǎn)：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。2016 年高考題1. 【 2016北京】 26. _it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card athand.A. MadeB. MakeC. MakingD. To make【答案】 D考點(diǎn)：考查不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)【名師點(diǎn)睛】一、不定式的作用1、 作主語(yǔ)：不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。往往用it作形式主

29、語(yǔ)，把不定式放在謂語(yǔ)后面。如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（ 1）其他系動(dòng)詞如look, appear等也可用于此句型。（ 2）當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用Itisto 的句型。試比較：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（錯(cuò)）To believe him is to negate my own idea .（

30、對(duì)）（ 3） It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)和前面的形容詞可以構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，用of,否則用for.2、 作賓語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞 +不定式。如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it作形式賓語(yǔ)）注：下列動(dòng)詞通常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)：want,try,hope,wish,need,forget,know, promise,refuse,help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose,

31、 get等(1) 動(dòng)詞 +疑問(wèn)詞 +to ,“特殊疑問(wèn)句+不定式”相當(dāng)于名詞，作賓語(yǔ)。如：I don t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can t decide when to go there.注意：不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往把不定式短語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，用 it作形式賓語(yǔ)。如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.3、 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1) 動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ) +不定式（ to do He warned me to be careful. I want you to

32、 speak to Tom.）。如：What makes you think so?（不帶to的不定式）注：可以用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask, tell,order ,want,get,would like,like,advise,invite, allow, help, wish, warn, expect, would prefer, encourage(2) 表見(jiàn)解、看法的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)可為：動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ) + to be的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is belie

33、ved to be useful.（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）(3) There +不定式。如：We didnt expect there to be so many people there.我們沒(méi)料到會(huì)有那么多人在那里。注意：（ 1）有些動(dòng)詞需用as短語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如：We regard Eric as our best teacher.我們認(rèn)為艾瑞克是我們最好的老師。Mary took him as her father.瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。(4) 在動(dòng)詞 feel （一感）， hear, listen to （二聽(tīng)）， h

34、ave, let, make（三讓?zhuān)?notice, see, watch,observe, look at（五看） ( 即：吾看三室兩廳一感覺(jué)) 等后面的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中，不定式不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，必須帶to 。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree.The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(5) help后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式可以帶to, 也可以不帶to.I often help him（to ） clean the room.I helped him (to) find his things.4、 作定語(yǔ)不定式作

35、定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞，不定式和它所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系、動(dòng)狀關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。不定式通常要放在這些被修飾的詞后。如：I have a lot of work to do.（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）He is looking for a room to live in.（動(dòng)狀關(guān)系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主謂關(guān)系）He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位關(guān)系）注意： 1. 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。如：Do you have anything else to sa

36、y?2. 如果作定語(yǔ)的不定式是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，則要保留不定式短語(yǔ)中的副詞或介詞。如：I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) (我需要一支鋼筆寫(xiě)字)I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) (我有一個(gè)嬰兒要照看)5.作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等，有時(shí)還有一些固定搭配的不定式短語(yǔ)，如in orderto , so as to,soas to, suchas to,.enough to, tooto等。(5) 做目的狀語(yǔ)，

37、justto,only to（僅僅為了） , in orderto, soas to,so(such).asto （如此以便）如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車(chē)。He came to the school to see his son.(6) 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。如：He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.He searched the room only to find nothing.(7) 做原因狀語(yǔ)。如：We

38、 were very excited to hear the news.I m glad to see you.(8) 做條件狀語(yǔ)。如：To turn to the left, you could find a post office.6. 作表語(yǔ)不定式可放在be 動(dòng)詞后面，構(gòu)成表語(yǔ)。如：The question is how to put it into practice.My question is when to leave.His dream is to be a doctor.Her work is to look after the babies.注意： 1. 不定式在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)

39、，對(duì)應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。2.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，表語(yǔ)不能用V+ing形式，可用不定式。如： To see is to believe.（眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)）(Seeing is believing. )7 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。如：To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.To make matters worse, it began to rain.二、不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1、 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)(1) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。如：He seems to know this.I hope to see you again.(2)

40、 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。如：I m sorry tohave given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.（ 3） 進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：He seems to be eating something.（ 4）完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能持續(xù)下去。如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.2、 不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是其動(dòng)作的承受

41、者時(shí)，就用被動(dòng)式。如：He was seen to enter the hall.He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.三、省 to的動(dòng)詞不定式1、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（除ought外， ought to）2、 would rather, had better.3、 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略 to.注意：在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中to不能省略掉。如：I saw him dance.He was seen to dance.The boss made

42、them work the whole night.They were made to work the whole night.4、 使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make.5、由 and,or和 than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to可以省去。如：He wants tomove toFranceand marry the girl.6、help可帶to ,也可不帶to, help sb. (to) do sth.7、Why dont you/Why not8、but和 except前是動(dòng)詞 do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。試比較：He wants to do nothing

43、but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.9、 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be .如：He is supposed (to be) nice.他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。2. 【 2016北京】 28. _ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.A. OrderingB. To orderC. Having orderedD. Ordered

44、【答案】D考點(diǎn)：考查過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)【名師點(diǎn)睛】分詞作狀語(yǔ)1.分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；on doing sth. =as soon as。2. 分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于 as， since ， because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。3. 分詞作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)不能用狀語(yǔ)從句替換，但是可以改寫(xiě)成并列句。4.分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于if unless 等引導(dǎo)的從句。 常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)的分詞有g(shù)iven ，supposing,considering, provided, compared with等。5.分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。分詞前常有副詞thus ，

45、thereby ， only等。6.分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于though或者 even if 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。3. 【 2016北京】 32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _ the old town into a dreamland.A. turnB. turningC. to turnD. turned【答案】 B考點(diǎn)：考查現(xiàn)在分詞【名師點(diǎn)睛】現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義；在時(shí)間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作往往正在進(jìn)行或者與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間

46、性。如： falling leaves正在下落的樹(shù)葉fallen leaves已經(jīng)落在地上的樹(shù)葉一、分詞的作用6、 作定語(yǔ)（ 4）單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)，分詞前置。如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.A lost opportunity never returns.He is a retired worker.（ 5）分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，分詞后置；分詞修飾不定代詞something 等要后置；個(gè)別分詞如give ，left等作定語(yǔ)也后置。如：The girl standing under the

47、tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.This is the question given.There is nothing interesting.（ 6）過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：Most of thepeople invited to the party were famous scientists2. The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the