小升初介詞專項(xiàng)

1、介詞 介詞是表示名詞，代詞和句中其他詞之間關(guān)系的詞，主要表示 地點(diǎn)，位置，時(shí)間和方式等。What can you see in the picture?你在照片里看到了什么？I was born on May 11th.我出生在 5 月 11 日。The library is n ear the post office.圖書館在郵局附近。常用介詞及用法1. 表示時(shí)間的介詞。英語里最常見的時(shí)間介詞有：at, in , on, before, after和from.（1） at, in和on都表示時(shí)間。at 指具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。at half past seven.在七點(diǎn)半。at eleven ocl

2、ock at n oo n （中午）at that time （那時(shí)）in 一般指某一段時(shí)間。in April在 四月份 in the morning/afternoon/evening. In 2013 , in May, 2005 （在 2005 年五月）; in three days （三天之后）；in Spring; in the 21st century （在 21 世 紀(jì)）on指在具體的某一天。on Sun day.在星期天。 On April,1st在四月一日 on Sun day after noon 在星期天的早上 on a warm morning in April （在四

3、月的一個(gè)溫暖的早晨）on New Year s day新年） before和after表示時(shí)間的先后順序。before 表示 “在.之前” Wash your hands before dinner.飯前要 洗手。 I have to finish my homework before 10 o clock.我不得不在十點(diǎn)之前做完作業(yè)。after 表示 “在.之后”，They often play football after school. 他們放學(xué)后經(jīng)常踢足球。My father often watches TV after dinner.我爸爸經(jīng)常在晚飯后看電視。from表示時(shí)間時(shí)， 常

4、和to連用，構(gòu)成fromto 的結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“從.到.”的意思。He kept on work ing from seve n to twelve last ni ght.他昨晚從起點(diǎn)至 U12 點(diǎn)一直在工作。I go to school from Mon day to Friday.2. 表示方位的介詞。小學(xué)階段常見的方位介詞有 on, in, at , un der, over, above, below, about,around, betwee n 等。(1) on , over 禾口 above相同點(diǎn)：三者均有“在.上面”的意思。不同點(diǎn)：on表示兩個(gè)物體的表面相互接觸。Where i

5、s the pen ?It s on the box over 表示“在.的正上方”，兩個(gè)物體的表面沒有接觸。above表示兩個(gè)物體中一個(gè)在另一個(gè)的上方,但不一定垂直，兩個(gè)物體間也沒有接觸。There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本書。 The sky is over our heads.天在我們的頭頂上。Thepla ne is flyi ng above clouds.飛機(jī)在云上飛行。under和below 相同點(diǎn):兩者均表示“在.的下面”的意思。不同點(diǎn)：under表示“在.的正下方”， 其反義詞是over.overunderThere is a ball ove

6、r two boxes. There is a ball un der a boxThere is a bridge over the riverM 上有座橋。below表示“在的下面”，但只是低于某一點(diǎn)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否在正下方。 From the top of the hill, we could see the blue ocean below. 我們從山頂上能看到下邊的藍(lán)色大海。The dead sea is below sea level.死海的海面低于海平面。(3)i n表示位置， 意為“在里面”，也可以用來表示在一個(gè)很大的空間內(nèi)。 Mary works in a bank.瑪麗在銀行工

7、作。 There isn t a cloud in the sky.天空中沒有一片云。 Whats in the box? He put his hands in his pockets.他把手放入口袋。at表示“在某地點(diǎn)”。I will wait for you at the station.我將在車 站等你。(5) around 禾口 about 均表示“在周圍”。 They sat around the table.他們圍著桌子而坐。We walked about the town.我們在鎮(zhèn)周圍走。(6) behind 表示 “在.的后面”。There is a broom behind

8、 the door.門后邊有一把掃帚。(7) in front of 表示 “在的前面” 。There is a new white car in frontof the house.那房子前面有一輛白色的新轎車。(8) betwee n 表示“在兩者之間”。My bedroom is betwee n my twosisters.我的臥室在兩個(gè)姐妹的臥室之間。(9) 表示“在某地”時(shí)，at后面接小地方，in后接大地方。女口： at home在家at the bus stop在汽車站in China在中國in the world在世界上有“朝著，”和“向著,”的意思。小學(xué)階段常見的動(dòng)向介詞有

9、in to, out of, up, dow n, from, to, across, through, along 等。(1) into和out of Into表示“從外向里”的意思； out of表示“從 里向外”的意思。I saw them go into the house.我看見他們進(jìn)了那間 房子。 Lily ran out of the classroom.莉莉跑出了教室。(2) up 禾口 down up 表示“向上” ，down 表示“向下”。We climbedup the mountain to the top. 我們爬上了山頂。She opened the doorand

10、 went dow n the stairs.她開了門下樓去了。(3) across和through相同點(diǎn)： 兩者都表示“通過，穿過”的意思。不同點(diǎn)：across.?kr?s 表示“穿過”這一動(dòng)作在某個(gè)物體的表面 進(jìn)行。He walked across the road carefully.他小心地穿過馬路。Theduck is swimmi ng across the river.這只鴨子正在游過河。He isswimmi ng across the pool.他正在游過游泳池。through. 0 ru:表示“穿過”這一動(dòng)作在某個(gè)物體的空間內(nèi)進(jìn)行。She walked through th

11、e forest alo ne.她獨(dú)自一人走過森林。The trainis goi ng through the tunnel(隧道)。這輛火車正在穿過隧道。Hewants to climb into the room through the window. 他想從窗戶爬進(jìn)房 間。3.表示方式的介詞表示方式的介詞主要有by, with, in等。(1) by 表示“靠，用”。 My mother goes to work by bus.我媽媽乘公共汽車上班with表示“使用，和.一起；有，具有，帶有”。He cut the cake with a knife. 他用小刀切開了那個(gè)蛋糕。(3)i

12、n 表示“用某種語言，以某種方式”。 She can speak in Japanese. 基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練 將下列詞組翻譯成漢語。1.on the farm 2. by train 2. the boy in white4. after school5. under the chair6.at night7. in front of the classroom8. on Saturday morning9. behind the tree10. near the river選擇括號內(nèi)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1. Childrens Day is (at /on / in) the 1st of June.2

13、. The girl (with / on / in) long hair is my sister.3. Tom doesnt do well ( at / on / in) math.4. Look at the monkeys (between / on / in) the tree.5. We have skirts (under / behind / in) red, green and white.What color do you like？6. Tom sells his computer game(with / for / to) me.7.She is a friend (

14、of / to / on) my sisters.8. Heres a nice picture ( with/ to/ for) you .9. Please call me ( at/ to/ with) 23479865.10. What s this ( at, on, in) English?二 單項(xiàng)選擇( ) 1. Whats this English? It s an apple.A.on B. inC. at D. of( ) 2. Lily, can you go shopping me?A. nearB. at C. with D. from( ) 3. English i

15、s spoken American.A.in B. atC. by D. with( ) 4. It often rains June.A.ofB. inC. atD. on( ) 5. They are waiting for a bus the bus stop.A.in B. toC. onD. at( ) 6. What did you do the farm ? We plantedsome trees for the farmers.A.onB. inC. at D. to() 7. The girl white and red is my sister Kate.A.forB.

16、of C. inD. with( ) 8. The waterway (運(yùn)河 ) is wide enough for many ships topass.A. aboveB. across C. cross D. through( ) 9. Write the numbers 10 30 on the blackboard.A. from; in B. between; and C. behind; and D. among; in( ) 10. The children are planning their class project.A. ofB. forC. withD. about(

17、 ) 11. Tom was born April the 1st, and I was born April, too.A.in; in B. in; onC. on; in D. on; on( ) 12. Is Polly the tree?A.atB. inC. on D. after( ) 13. Does your mother cook you the weekend?A. for; on B. for; at C. with; onD. to; at( ) 14. I get up about seven fifty five.A.in B. on C. at D. for()

18、 15. It s cold winter in ShenYang.A.atB. inC. onD. to() 16. Whats wrong _your bike?A.inB. onC. atD. with() 17. Thanks_ your help.A.toB. forC. inD. on() 18. I know the namethe girl.A.inB. onC. of( ) 19. Is his book the drawer No， it s the desk.A.in, in B. on, on C. at, on D. in, on( ) 20. Bob was bor

19、n May 12th , 1999.A.in B. atC. on D. mustn t三 根據(jù)漢語意思， 完成句子。1. 李明很擅長唱歌。Li Ming is good singing.2. 爸爸對我要求很嚴(yán)格。 My father is strict me.3. 李華坐在教室中間。Li Hua sits the middle the classroom.4. 這本書和那本書不一樣。This book is different that book.5. 在朋友的幫助下， 我通過了數(shù)學(xué)考試。With the help my friend , I passed the maths exam.四

20、完成對話。A: Excuse me, can you show me the way the Bank China?B: Oh, do you know the post office? The bank is it.A: I m new here, I dont know the city well.B: Can I go you ?A: That s great.B: Where are you ?A: Sydney, How you？B: I m GuiLin.A: Its a place of interest.B: Welcome GuiLin五 找出句中錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)并改正。1. There are two pictures in the wall. 2. She usu