【親自手工整理】川大生科院考研-普通生物學(林宏輝版)名詞解釋(最新整理)

1、普通生物學（林宏輝版）名詞解釋1. chromatin 染色質(zhì)2. ribozyme 核酶3. -helix -螺旋4. -sheet -折疊5. subunit 亞基6. prokaryotic cell 原核細胞7. eukaryotic cell 真核細胞8. plasmid 質(zhì)粒9. plasma membrane 細胞質(zhì)膜10. passive transport 被動運輸11. active transport 主動運輸12. simple diffusion 簡單擴散13. plasmolysis 質(zhì)壁分離14. facilitated diffusion 易化擴散15. co-

2、transport 協(xié)同運輸16. endocytosis 胞吞作用17. exocytosis 胞吐作用18. plasmodesma 胞間連絲19. smooth/rough er 光面/糙面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)20. lysosome 溶酶體21. photosynthesis 光合作用22. mitochondrion 線粒體23. cellular respiration 細胞呼吸24. ribosome 核糖體25. cytoskeleton 細胞骨架26. histone 組蛋白27. cell junction 細胞連接28. amitosis/mitosis 無絲/有絲分裂29. meio

3、sis 減數(shù)分裂30. cell cycle 細胞周期31. check point 檢驗點32. cell differentiation 細胞分化33. totipotency 細胞全能性34. totipotent cell 全能性細胞35. stem cell 干細胞36. oncogene 癌基因37. hayflick limitation hayflick 界限38. telomere 端粒39. apoptosis 細胞凋亡40. necrosis 細胞壞死41. contractile ring 收縮環(huán)42. homologous chromosome 同源染色體43. sy

4、napsis 聯(lián)會44. mpf 成熟促進因子45. cyclin 細胞周期蛋白46. tumor suppressor gene 腫瘤抑制基因47. segregation 分離48. dominant/recessive character 顯性/隱形性狀49. recombination 重組50. allele 等位基因51. incomplete dominance 不完全顯性52. codominance 共顯性53. mosaic dominance 嵌鑲顯性54. epistatic effect 上位作用55. linkage map 基因連鎖圖56. dosage comp

5、ensation effect 計量補償效應(yīng)57. regulatory gene 調(diào)節(jié)基因58. promotor 啟動子59. operator 操縱基因60. split gene 斷裂基因61. exon 外顯子62. intron 內(nèi)含子63. enhancer 增強子64. terminator 終止子65. insutator 絕緣子66. overlapping gene 重疊基因67. central dogma 中心法則68. reverse transcription 反轉(zhuǎn)錄69. semiconservative replication 半保留復制70. dna pol

6、ymerase dna 聚合酶71. transcription 轉(zhuǎn)錄72. template strand 模板鏈73. coding strand 編碼鏈74. degeneracy 簡并性75. wobble hypothesis 擺動假說76. operon 操縱子77. repressor 阻遏蛋白78. anttenuation 弱化作用79. antisence rna 反義 rna80. rna interference rna 干擾81. site-specific recombination 位點專一性重組82. intergrative recombination 整合式

7、重組83. transposon 轉(zhuǎn)座子84. genomics 基因組學85. proteomics 蛋白質(zhì)組學86. mutation 突變87. terminal deficiency 頂端缺失88. interstitial deficiency 中間缺失89. duplication 重復90. inversion 倒位91. translocation 易位92. spontaneous mutation 自發(fā)突變93. induced mutation 誘發(fā)突變94. base-pair substitution 堿基替換95. frameshift mutation 移碼突變9

8、6. deletion mutation 缺失突變97. missense mutation 錯意突變98. nonsense mutation 無義突變99. neutral mutation 中性突變100. silent mutation 沉默突變101. spontaneous lesion 自發(fā)損傷102. dynamic mutation 動態(tài)突變103. site specific mutagenesis of gene 基因定點突變104. excision repair 剪切修復105. recombination repair 重組修復106. transcription-

9、coupled repair 轉(zhuǎn)錄偶聯(lián)修復107. tranlesion synthesis 移損合成108. marker chromosome 標志染色體109. retrotransposition 逆轉(zhuǎn)座110. gene engineering 基因工程111. restriction endonuclease 限制性內(nèi)切酶112. palindrome 回文序列113. ligase 連接酶114. vector 分子克隆載體115. plasmid 質(zhì)粒116. genetic transformation 遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化117. transfection 轉(zhuǎn)染118. compete

10、nt cell 感受態(tài)細胞119. transgenic crop 轉(zhuǎn)基因作物120. epigenetics 表觀遺傳學121. bioreactor 生物反應(yīng)器122. capsid 衣殼123. viroid 類病毒124. virino 朊病毒125. nucleoid 擬核126. lichen 地衣127. body cavity 體腔128. coelom 真體腔129. metamerism 分節(jié)現(xiàn)象130. metamorphosis 變態(tài)發(fā)育131. photosynthesis 光合作用132. vessel 導管133. sieve tube 篩管134. pollin

11、ation 傳粉135. double fertilization 雙受精136. seed germination 種子萌發(fā)137. auxin 生長素138. neuron 神經(jīng)元139. homeostasis 穩(wěn)態(tài)140. sarcomere 肌小節(jié)141. sinoatrial node （sa 結(jié)）竇房結(jié)142. cardiac cycle 心動周期143. immunity 免疫144. immune response 免疫反應(yīng)145. inflammatory response 炎癥反應(yīng)146. antigen 抗原147. antibody 抗體148. immunizati

12、on 免疫接種149. active immunization 主動免疫150. vaccine 疫苗151. vital capacity 肺活量152. digestion 消化153. absorption 吸收154. shivering 寒戰(zhàn)155. schwann cell 施旺細胞156. ranvier node 郎飛氏結(jié)157. resting potential 靜息電位158. depolarization 去極化159. repolarization 復極化160. neurotransmitter 神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)161. tolerance 耐受性162. law of t

13、olerance 耐性定律163. population 種群164. random distribution 隨機分布165. biodiversity hot spot 生物多樣性熱點166. age-specific death rate 特定年齡死亡率167. cohort life table 動態(tài)生命表168. static life table 靜態(tài)生命表169. survivorship curve 存活曲線170. intraspecific competition 種內(nèi)競爭171. self-thinning 自疏172. natal dispersal 出生擴散173.

14、discrete generation 離散世代174. intrinsic growth rate 內(nèi)稟增長率175. logistic growth 邏輯斯諦增長176. ecological strategy 生態(tài)對策177. pulse-matching strategy 脈沖匹配對策178. matepopulation mate 種群179. community 群落180. constructive species 建群種181. rank-abundance curve 秩-多度曲線182. exploitation competition 利用性競爭183. interfer

15、ence competition 干擾性競爭184. competitive exclusion principle 競爭排次原理185. niche 生態(tài)位186. fundamental niche 基礎(chǔ)生態(tài)位187. realized niche 現(xiàn)實生態(tài)位188. coevolution 協(xié)同進化189. parasitism 寄生190. keystone species 冠石種191. mutualism 共生192. intermediate distribution hypothesis 中度干擾假說193. succession 演化194. ecological succe

16、ssion 生態(tài)演替195. climax community 頂級群落196. contingency 生物-環(huán)境依耐性197. primary production 初級生產(chǎn)198. food chain 食物鏈“”“”at the end, xiao bian gives you a passage. minand once said, people who learn to learn are very happy people. in every wonderful life, learning is an eternal theme. as a professional clerical and teaching position, i understand the importance of continuous learning, life is diligent, nothing can be gained, only continuous learning can achieve better self. only by constantly learning and mastering the latest relevant knowledge, can emp