2020高三英語高考復(fù)習(xí)課 閱讀理解 推理判斷 課件共30張共30張

1、1,題型特點,3,解題技巧,2,設(shè)問方式及選項特點,CONTENTS,前言,推理判斷題,主要考察學(xué)生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做,出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義的能,力,這類題目主要包括,隱含意義推斷、文章出處推斷、上下文推斷,等,一、題型特點,二、設(shè)問方式及選項特點,設(shè)問方式,1,隱含意義推斷題,常以,infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend,等詞提問，提問中往往含有表,示推測的情態(tài)動詞，如,can, could, would, should,等以及其他表示可能性的詞,probably, most likely,

2、等。如,From the text, it can be inferred that _,The passage suggests that _,Which of the following best describes.,二、設(shè)問方式及選項特點,設(shè)問方式,1,隱含意義推斷題,常以,infer, imply, suggest, conclude, learn, intend,等詞提問，提問中往往含有表,示推測的情態(tài)動詞，如,can, could, would, should,等以及其他表示可能性的詞,probably, most likely,等。如,From the text, it can

3、 be inferred that _,The passage suggests that _,Which of the following best describes.,2,文章出處推斷題,The passage is most likely to be taken from_,Where would this passage most probably appear,The passage is most likely a part of_,3,上下文推斷題,What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph

4、,The next paragraph would most probably deal with_,正確選項特點,不是文中直接或明確說明的內(nèi)容,是間接表達(dá)出來的，除符合文章主旨外，還,符合邏輯。正確選項大多含義深刻,不是常識選項。不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀,點，推理的根據(jù)一定來自于上下文,選項特點,正確選項特點,不是文中直接或明確說明的內(nèi)容,是間接表達(dá)出來的，除符合文章主旨外，還,符合邏輯。正確選項大多含義深刻,不是常識選項。不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀,點，推理的根據(jù)一定來自于上下文,干擾項特點,1,偷換概念：利用了原文的一部分結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯，但在一些位置換掉個別詞，造成了,語義的變化,2,

5、擴大或縮小范圍：對于原文中的細(xì)節(jié)或論斷的某方面程度進行了擴大或縮小處理,3,常識干擾：符合基本常識和我們對社會、生活等方面一些問題的一般看法和認(rèn)識,但不是文章的內(nèi)容,4,顛倒是非：涉及原文中提及的內(nèi)容或現(xiàn)象，但選項的意思與原文恰恰相反,5,無中生有：憑空捏造原文不存在的細(xì)節(jié)，形成迷惑和干擾,6,推理過頭：引申過度，使結(jié)論過于絕對化,選項特點,三、解題技巧,1,定,讀題干，確定關(guān)鍵詞,2,找,通過尋讀法,scanning,用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中搜,索，迅速確定相關(guān)詞句或信息點所在的位置,3,推,在找到關(guān)鍵詞句后，要仔細(xì)閱讀，對比選項，不但要,理解相關(guān)信息的字面意義，而且要由表及里，由淺入深的分析

6、推,理，從而理解作者的言外之意,Sample 1,Imagination,and,fantasy,can,play,an,important,role,in,achieving,the,things,we,fear,Children,know,this,very,well,Fred,Epstein,in,his,book,If,I,Make,It,to,Five,tells,a,story,he,heard,from,one,of,friends,about,Tom,a,four,year-old,boy,with,a,cancer,in,his,back,bone,He,came,throu

7、gh,several,operations,and,a,lot,of,pain,by,mastering,his,imagination,Tom,loved,to,pretend,and,he,particularly,loved,to,play,superheroes,Dr,Epstein,explained,that,it,was,actually,a,brilliant,way,for,his,young,mind,to,handle,the,terrifying,and,painful,life,he,led,The,day,before,his,third,trip,to,the,o

8、perating,room,Tom,was,terribly,afraid,Maybe,I,could,go,as,Superman,”he,whispered,to,his,mom,Hearing,this,the,mother,hesitated,for,a,while,She,had,avoided,buying,the,expensive,costume,戲裝,but,finally,she,agreed,The,next,day,Tom,appeared,as,the,powerful,Superman,showing,off,through,the,hospital,halls,a

9、nd,coolly,waving,his,hand,to,the,people,greeting,him,along,the,way,And,Tom,with,the,strength,of,his,fantasy,successfully,made,it,through,the,operation,The,power,of,imagination,need,not,be,reserved,for,children,only,We,all,have,the,power,to,use,our,fantasies,to,attempt,things,we,never,thought,possibl

10、e,to,go,through,those,things,that,seem,impossible,and,to,achieve,what,we,never,believed,we,could,Just,as,Dr,Epstein,puts,it,If,you,can,dream,it,you,can,do,it,It,doesnt,mean,that,you,should,dress,as,a,superhero,for,you,next,job,interview,But,next,time,you,are,texted,in,a,way,that,seems,impossible,ima

11、gine,what,it,would,take,to,overcome,it,Become,the,person,you,need,to,become,to,win,over,your,challenge,and,do,it,in,your,mind,first,So,let,your,imagination,run,wild,and,dare,to,dream,27,What,can,be,inferred,about,Toms,mother,A,She,was,a,rich,lady,B,She,refused,Toms,request,C,She,wanted,Tom,to,be,a,s

12、uperhero,D,She,wanted,to,get,Tom,through,the,pain,Sample 1,Imagination,and,fantasy,can,play,an,important,role,in,achieving,the,things,we,fear,Children,know,this,very,well,Fred,Epstein,in,his,book,If,I,Make,It,to,Five,tells,a,story,he,heard,from,one,of,friends,about,Tom,a,four,year-old,boy,with,a,can

13、cer,in,his,back,bone,He,came,through,several,operations,and,a,lot,of,pain,by,mastering,his,imagination,Tom,loved,to,pretend,and,he,particularly,loved,to,play,superheroes,Dr,Epstein,explained,that,it,was,actually,a,brilliant,way,for,his,young,mind,to,handle,the,terrifying,and,painful,life,he,led,The,

14、day,before,his,third,trip,to,the,operating,room,Tom,was,terribly,afraid,Maybe,I,could,go,as,Superman,”he,whispered,to,his,mom,Hearing,this,the,mother,hesitated,for,a,while,She,had,avoided,buying,the,expensive,costume,戲裝,but,finally,she,agreed,The,next,day,Tom,appeared,as,the,powerful,Superman,showin

15、g,off,through,the,hospital,halls,and,coolly,waving,his,hand,to,the,people,greeting,him,along,the,way,And,Tom,with,the,strength,of,his,fantasy,successfully,made,it,through,the,operation,The,power,of,imagination,need,not,be,reserved,for,children,only,We,all,have,the,power,to,use,our,fantasies,to,attem

16、pt,things,we,never,thought,possible,to,go,through,those,things,that,seem,impossible,and,to,achieve,what,we,never,believed,we,could,Just,as,Dr,Epstein,puts,it,If,you,can,dream,it,you,can,do,it,It,doesnt,mean,that,you,should,dress,as,a,superhero,for,you,next,job,interview,But,next,time,you,are,texted,

17、in,a,way,that,seems,impossible,imagine,what,it,would,take,to,overcome,it,Become,the,person,you,need,to,become,to,win,over,your,challenge,and,do,it,in,your,mind,first,So,let,your,imagination,run,wild,and,dare,to,dream,27,What,can,be,inferred,about,Toms,mother,A,She,was,a,rich,lady,B,She,refused,Toms,

18、request,C,She,wanted,Tom,to,be,a,superhero,D,She,wanted,to,get,Tom,through,the,pain,Sample 1,Imagination,and,fantasy,can,play,an,important,role,in,achieving,the,things,we,fear,Children,know,this,very,well,Fred,Epstein,in,his,book,If,I,Make,It,to,Five,tells,a,story,he,heard,from,one,of,friends,about,

19、Tom,a,four,year-old,boy,with,a,cancer,in,his,back,bone,He,came,through,several,operations,and,a,lot,of,pain,by,mastering,his,imagination,Tom,loved,to,pretend,and,he,particularly,loved,to,play,superheroes,Dr,Epstein,explained,that,it,was,actually,a,brilliant,way,for,his,young,mind,to,handle,the,terri

20、fying,and,painful,life,he,led,The,day,before,his,third,trip,to,the,operating,room,Tom,was,terribly,afraid,Maybe,I,could,go,as,Superman,”he,whispered,to,his,mom,Hearing,this,the,mother,hesitated,for,a,while,She,had,avoided,buying,the,expensive,costume,戲裝,but,finally,she,agreed,The,next,day,Tom,appear

21、ed,as,the,powerful,Superman,showing,off,through,the,hospital,halls,and,coolly,waving,his,hand,to,the,people,greeting,him,along,the,way,And,Tom,with,the,strength,of,his,fantasy,successfully,made,it,through,the,operation,The,power,of,imagination,need,not,be,reserved,for,children,only,We,all,have,the,p

22、ower,to,use,our,fantasies,to,attempt,things,we,never,thought,possible,to,go,through,those,things,that,seem,impossible,and,to,achieve,what,we,never,believed,we,could,Just,as,Dr,Epstein,puts,it,If,you,can,dream,it,you,can,do,it,It,doesnt,mean,that,you,should,dress,as,a,superhero,for,you,next,job,inter

23、view,But,next,time,you,are,texted,in,a,way,that,seems,impossible,imagine,what,it,would,take,to,overcome,it,Become,the,person,you,need,to,become,to,win,over,your,challenge,and,do,it,in,your,mind,first,So,let,your,imagination,run,wild,and,dare,to,dream,27,What,can,be,inferred,about,Toms,mother,A,She,w

24、as,a,rich,lady,B,She,refused,Toms,request,C,She,wanted,Tom,to,be,a,superhero,D,She,wanted,to,get,Tom,through,the,pain,Sample 1,Imagination,and,fantasy,can,play,an,important,role,in,achieving,the,things,we,fear,Children,know,this,very,well,Fred,Epstein,in,his,book,If,I,Make,It,to,Five,tells,a,story,h

25、e,heard,from,one,of,friends,about,Tom,a,four,year-old,boy,with,a,cancer,in,his,back,bone,He,came,through,several,operations,and,a,lot,of,pain,by,mastering,his,imagination,Tom,loved,to,pretend,and,he,particularly,loved,to,play,superheroes,Dr,Epstein,explained,that,it,was,actually,a,brilliant,way,for,

26、his,young,mind,to,handle,the,terrifying,and,painful,life,he,led,The,day,before,his,third,trip,to,the,operating,room,Tom,was,terribly,afraid,Maybe,I,could,go,as,Superman,”he,whispered,to,his,mom,Hearing,this,the,mother,hesitated,for,a,while,She,had,avoided,buying,the,expensive,costume,戲裝,but,finally,

27、she,agreed,The,next,day,Tom,appeared,as,the,powerful,Superman,showing,off,through,the,hospital,halls,and,coolly,waving,his,hand,to,the,people,greeting,him,along,the,way,And,Tom,with,the,strength,of,his,fantasy,successfully,made,it,through,the,operation,The,power,of,imagination,need,not,be,reserved,f

28、or,children,only,We,all,have,the,power,to,use,our,fantasies,to,attempt,things,we,never,thought,possible,to,go,through,those,things,that,seem,impossible,and,to,achieve,what,we,never,believed,we,could,Just,as,Dr,Epstein,puts,it,If,you,can,dream,it,you,can,do,it,It,doesnt,mean,that,you,should,dress,as,

29、a,superhero,for,you,next,job,interview,But,next,time,you,are,texted,in,a,way,that,seems,impossible,imagine,what,it,would,take,to,overcome,it,Become,the,person,you,need,to,become,to,win,over,your,challenge,and,do,it,in,your,mind,first,So,let,your,imagination,run,wild,and,dare,to,dream,27,What,can,be,

30、inferred,about,Toms,mother,A,She,was,a,rich,lady,B,She,refused,Toms,request,C,She,wanted,Tom,to,be,a,superhero,D,She,wanted,to,get,Tom,through,the,pain,Sample,2,Going,green,seems,to,be,fad,時尚,for,a,lot,of,people,these,days,Whether,that,is,good,or,bad,we,cant,really,say,but,for,the,two,of,us,going,gr

31、een,is,not,a,fad,but,a,lifestyle,On,April,22,2011,we,decided,to,go,green,every,single,day,for,an,entire,year,This,meant,doing,365,different,green,things,and,it,also,meant,challenging,ourselves,to,go,green,beyond,easy,things,Rather,than,recycle,and,reduce,our,energy,we,had,to,think,of,365,different,g

32、reen,things,to,do,and,this,was,no,easy,task,With,the,idea,of,going,green,every,single,day,for,a,year,Our,Green,Year,started,My,wife,and,I,decided,to,educate,people,about,how,they,could,go,green,in,their,lives,and,hoped,we,could,show,people,all,the,green,things,that,could,be,done,to,help,the,environm

33、ent,We,wanted,to,push,the,message,that,every,little,bit,helps,Over,the,course,of,Our,Green,Year,we,completely,changed,our,lifestyle,We,now,shop,at,organic,有機的,stores,We,consume,less,meat,choosing,green,food,We,have,greatly,reduced,our,buying,we,dont,need,We,have,given,away,half,of,what,we,owned,thro

34、ugh,websites,Our,home,is,kept,clean,by,vinegar,and,lemon,juice,with,no,chemical,cleaners,We,make,our,own,butter,enjoying,the,smell,of,home-made,fresh,bread,In,our,home,office,anyone,caught,doing,something,ungreen,might,be,punished,Our,minds,have,been,changed,by,Our,Green,Year,We,are,grateful,for,the

35、,chance,to,have,been,able,to,go,green,and,educate,others,We,believe,that,we,do,have,the,power,to,change,things,and,help,our,planet,63. What can we infer from the last paragraph,A,The,government,will,give,support,to,the,green,people,B,The,couple,may,continue,their,project,in,the,future,C,Some,people,

36、disagree,with,the,couples,green,ideas,D,Our,Green,Year,is,becoming,a,national,campaign,Sample,3,One,might,expect,that,the,ever-growing,demands,of,the,tourist,trade,would,bring,nothing,but,good,for,the,countries,that,receive,the,holiday-makers,Indeed,a,rosy,picture,is,painted,for,the,long-term,future

37、,of,the,holiday,industry,Every,month,sees,the,building,of,a,new,hotel,somewhere,and,every,month,another,rock-bound,Pacific,island,is,advertised,as,the,last,paradise,on,earth,However,the,scale,and,speed,of,this,growth,seem,set,to,destroy,the,very,things,tourists,want,to,enjoy,In,those,countries,where

38、,there,was,a,rush,to,make,quick,money,out,of,sea-side,holidays,over-crowded,beaches,and,the,concrete,jungles,of,endless,hotels,have,begun,to,lose,their,appeal,Those,countries,with,little,experience,of,tourism,can,suffer,most,In,recent,years,Nepal,set,out,to,attract,foreign,visitors,to,fund,developme

39、nts,in,health,and,education,Its,forests,full,of,wildlife,and,rare,flowers,were,offered,to,tourists,as,one,more,untouched,paradise,In,fact,the,nature,all,too,soon,felt,the,effects,of,thousands,of,holiday-makers,traveling,through,the,forest,land,Ancient,tacks,became,major,routes,for,the,walkers,with,t

40、he,consequent,exploitation,of,precious,trees,and,plants,Not,only,the,environment,of,a,country,can,suffer,from,the,sudden,growth,of,tourism,The,people,as,well,rapidly,feel,its,effects,Farmland,makes,way,for,hotels,roads,and,airports,the,old,way,of,life,goes,The,one-time,farmer,is,now,the,servant,of,s

41、ome,multi-national,organization,he,is,no,longer,his,own,master,Once,it,was,his,back,that,bore,the,pain,now,it,is,his,smile,that,is,exploited,No,doubt,he,wonders,whether,he,wasnt,happier,in,his,village,working,his,own,land,Thankfully,the,tourist,industry,is,waking,up,to,the,responsibilities,it,has,to

42、wards,those,countries,that,receive,its,customers,The,protection,of,wildlife,and,the,creation,of,national,parks,go,hand,in,hand,with,tourist,development,and,in,fact,obtain,financial,support,from,tourist,companies,At,the,same,time,tourists,are,being,encouraged,to,respect,not,only,the,countryside,they,

43、visit,but,also,its,people,71,What,does,the,author,indicate,in,the,last,sentence,of,Paragraph,1,A,The,Pacific,island,is,a,paradise,B,The,Pacific,island,is,worth,visiting,C,The,advertisement,is,not,convincing,D,The,advertisement,is,not,impressive,Sample,3,One,might,expect,that,the,ever-growing,demands

44、,of,the,tourist,trade,would,bring,nothing,but,good,for,the,countries,that,receive,the,holiday-makers,Indeed,a,rosy,picture,is,painted,for,the,long-term,future,of,the,holiday,industry,Every,month,sees,the,building,of,a,new,hotel,somewhere,and,every,month,another,rock-bound,Pacific,island,is,advertise

45、d,as,the,last,paradise,on,earth,However,the,scale,and,speed,of,this,growth,seem,set,to,destroy,the,very,things,tourists,want,to,enjoy,In,those,countries,where,there,was,a,rush,to,make,quick,money,out,of,sea-side,holidays,over-crowded,beaches,and,the,concrete,jungles,of,endless,hotels,have,begun,to,l

46、ose,their,appeal,Those,countries,with,little,experience,of,tourism,can,suffer,most,In,recent,years,Nepal,set,out,to,attract,foreign,visitors,to,fund,developments,in,health,and,education,Its,forests,full,of,wildlife,and,rare,flowers,were,offered,to,tourists,as,one,more,untouched,paradise,In,fact,the,

47、nature,all,too,soon,felt,the,effects,of,thousands,of,holiday-makers,traveling,through,the,forest,land,Ancient,tacks,became,major,routes,for,the,walkers,with,the,consequent,exploitation,of,precious,trees,and,plants,Not,only,the,environment,of,a,country,can,suffer,from,the,sudden,growth,of,tourism,The

48、,people,as,well,rapidly,feel,its,effects,Farmland,makes,way,for,hotels,roads,and,airports,the,old,way,of,life,goes,The,one-time,farmer,is,now,the,servant,of,some,multi-national,organization,he,is,no,longer,his,own,master,Once,it,was,his,back,that,bore,the,pain,now,it,is,his,smile,that,is,exploited,N

49、o,doubt,he,wonders,whether,he,wasnt,happier,in,his,village,working,his,own,land,Thankfully,the,tourist,industry,is,waking,up,to,the,responsibilities,it,has,towards,those,countries,that,receive,its,customers,The,protection,of,wildlife,and,the,creation,of,national,parks,go,hand,in,hand,with,tourist,de

50、velopment,and,in,fact,obtain,financial,support,from,tourist,companies,At,the,same,time,tourists,are,being,encouraged,to,respect,not,only,the,countryside,they,visit,but,also,its,people,71,What,does,the,author,indicate,in,the,last,sentence,of,Paragraph,1,A,The,Pacific,island,is,a,paradise,B,The,Pacifi

51、c,island,is,worth,visiting,C,The,advertisement,is,not,convincing,D,The,advertisement,is,not,impressive,Sample,4,A,volcanic,eruption,in,Iceland,has,sent,ash,across,northern,Europe,Airlines,have,stopped,or,changed,the,flights,across,the,Atlantic,Ocean,leaving,hundreds,of,passengers,stuck,in,airports,G

52、rirmsvom,is,one,of,the,largest,and,most,active,volcanoes,in,Europe,What,makes,Grimsvom,different,is,that,it,lies,under,a,huge,glacier,of,ice,up,to,12,maters,thick,The,hot,volcano,heats,up,the,ice,above,it,which,then,forms,a,layer,of,water,between,the,glacier,and,the,volcano,This,layer,of,water,puts,

53、pressure,on,the,volcano,keeping,it,stable,As,the,water,flows,out,from,under,the,glacier,the,pressure,lifts,The,lava,from,the,volcano,then,comes,up,to,the,surface,This,is,exactly,what,happened,today,Now,airlines,have,to,make,changes,to,their,flights,so,as,not,to,fly,through,the,clouds,of,volcanic,ash

54、,According,to,KLM,one,of,Europes,biggest,airlines,airplanes,cannot,go,under,the,cloud,or,over,it,Going,through,the,cloud,can,result,in,ash,getting,stuck,in,the,airplanes,engines,causing,damage,to,the,plane,The,eruption,has,also,caused,problems,for,animals,in,Iceland,The,volcano,left,ash,and,sharp,Gl

55、ass-like,rocks,all,over,the,countryside,Farmers,are,keeping,their,animals,inside,to,stop,them,from,eating,ash,covered,grass,to,the,sharp,object,5,This,text,is,most,probably,taken,from_,A,a,research,paper,B,a,newspaper,report,C,a,class,presentation,D,a,geography,textbook,Sample,4,A,volcanic,eruption,

56、in,Iceland,has,sent,ash,across,northern,Europe,Airlines,have,stopped,or,changed,the,flights,across,the,Atlantic,Ocean,leaving,hundreds,of,passengers,stuck,in,airports,Grirmsvom,is,one,of,the,largest,and,most,active,volcanoes,in,Europe,What,makes,Grimsvom,different,is,that,it,lies,under,a,huge,glacie

57、r,of,ice,up,to,12,maters,thick,The,hot,volcano,heats,up,the,ice,above,it,which,then,forms,a,layer,of,water,between,the,glacier,and,the,volcano,This,layer,of,water,puts,pressure,on,the,volcano,keeping,it,stable,As,the,water,flows,out,from,under,the,glacier,the,pressure,lifts,The,lava,from,the,volcano

58、,then,comes,up,to,the,surface,This,is,exactly,what,happened,today,Now,airlines,have,to,make,changes,to,their,flights,so,as,not,to,fly,through,the,clouds,of,volcanic,ash,According,to,KLM,one,of,Europes,biggest,airlines,airplanes,cannot,go,under,the,cloud,or,over,it,Going,through,the,cloud,can,result,

59、in,ash,getting,stuck,in,the,airplanes,engines,causing,damage,to,the,plane,The,eruption,has,also,caused,problems,for,animals,in,Iceland,The,volcano,left,ash,and,sharp,Glass-like,rocks,all,over,the,countryside,Farmers,are,keeping,their,animals,inside,to,stop,them,from,eating,ash,covered,grass,to,the,sharp,object,5,This,text,is,most,probably,taken,from_,A,a,research,paper,B,a,newspaper,report,C,a,class,presentation,D,a,geography,textbook,這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷,其出處。如,1,報紙：前面會出現(xiàn)日期、地點或通訊,社名稱,2,廣告：因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn),3,產(chǎn)品說明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會,有產(chǎn)品