反意疑問(wèn)句特殊情況30例

1、反意疑問(wèn)句特殊情況30例2011-07-09 14:00:14| 分類(lèi)： Grammar 語(yǔ)法 | 標(biāo)簽：|字號(hào)大中小 訂閱反義疑問(wèn)句的形式：反意疑問(wèn)句是附加在陳述句之后,對(duì)所陳述內(nèi)容提出質(zhì)疑或通過(guò)反問(wèn)以強(qiáng)化陳述內(nèi)容的一種疑問(wèn)句?？傮w原則：如果陳述部分是肯定的,附加部分用否定形式；如果陳述部分是否定的,附加部分用肯定形式。附加部分的助動(dòng)詞和代詞應(yīng)與陳述部分一致。例如： They are students , arent they ? They arent students , are they ?特殊情況小結(jié)：1.在由“祈使句+疑問(wèn)部分”構(gòu)成的反意疑問(wèn)句中，疑問(wèn)部分通常用will youPas

2、s me the dictionary , will you ?把詞典遞給我好嗎？Dont do that again , will you ? 別再做那件事好嗎？應(yīng)特別注意帶有主語(yǔ)的祈使句。例如：Alice , you feed the bird today , will you ?But I fed it yesterday.2.在含有l(wèi)et的祈使句后的反意疑問(wèn)部分，如果let的賓語(yǔ)us包括聽(tīng)者（常寫(xiě)成lets）時(shí)用shall we；不包括聽(tīng)者（常寫(xiě)成let us）時(shí)用will you。Let的賓語(yǔ)是me時(shí),要根據(jù)意思用will you或may I。let的賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)用will yo

3、u。例如：Lets go for a walk , shall we ? 我們?nèi)ド⒉胶脝?？Let us do it by ourselves , will you ? 讓我們自己做這件事好嗎？Let me have a look at your photo , will you ? （你）讓我看看你的照片好嗎？Let him speak first , will you ? （你）讓他先說(shuō)好嗎？3.當(dāng)陳述部分含有must時(shí),要注意must的含義。表示一定要,必須時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句附加部分用mustnt或neednt。例如： He must work hard at physics , mustnt

4、 he ? You must renew the book , neednt you ?表示推測(cè)一定是,必定是時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句附加部分有下列情況:A).當(dāng)陳述部分有must be .時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句附加部分用be 的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 He must be very tired , isnt he ? He must be working hard at the office , isnt he ?B). must have +過(guò)去分詞 表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)a).單純表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè),與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān),反意疑問(wèn)句附加部分用過(guò)去式。b).表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)且影響到現(xiàn)在或持續(xù)現(xiàn)在,反意疑問(wèn)句附加部分用現(xiàn)在完成式。 He

5、must have come yesterday , didnt he ? You must have studied English for years , havent you ? He must have lived here at least ten years , hasnt he ?4.若陳述部分含有表“推測(cè)”意義的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“can”時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)部分要根據(jù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)而定。例如：Jack cant be in the reading room, is he? (cant be“表一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！?He cant have gone home, has

6、he? (cant have gone home表“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”)She cant have gone to the party last night, did he? (cant have gone to the party last night表“對(duì)過(guò)去情況的猜測(cè)”。)5當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為nothing , anything , everything，something等不定代詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用it。例如：Nothing could prevent him from going there , could it ?什么也阻止不了他去那里，對(duì)嗎？6.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為someone

7、, somebody , no one , none , nobody , anyone , anybody , everyone，everybody ,等不定代詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用they或he。例如：Somebody took my umbrella away yesterday , didnt they / he ?昨天有人拿走了我的雨傘，是嗎？7.若陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是this, that時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用“it”代替；若陳述部分的主是these, those時(shí)，則疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用“they”代替。例如：This is an interesting story , isnt it

8、?Those are your classmates , arent they ?8.若陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是one時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)常用“one”代替，偶爾用“you”代替。例如：One cant know what will happen in the future , can one? /can you?One should learn more knowledge now , shouldnt one? /shouldnt you?9.若陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是“the +形容詞”表一類(lèi)人時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用they代替；若是表某一抽象概念時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用“it”代替。例如：The rich a

9、re not always very happy , are they ?The young should respect the old , shouldnt they ?The beautiful isnt always good , is it ?10.當(dāng)陳述部分是主從復(fù)句時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分中的動(dòng)詞和代詞應(yīng)和主句中的動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)保持一致 ，而不是和從句中的動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)保持一致 。例如：They know that he is from England , dont they ?11.當(dāng)陳述部分帶有that從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一致。陳述部分是I /we think / su

10、ppose /believe/imagine時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)與that從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)一致.但要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：He said his father had been sent to hospital , didnt he ?他說(shuō)他父親已送去醫(yī)院了，是嗎？I think hell come to help us with our work , wont he ?我想他會(huì)來(lái)幫助我們工作，是嗎？I believe you have met each other before ,havent you?我相信你們以前彼此見(jiàn)過(guò)面，對(duì)嗎？I suppose they are waiting for

11、us now , arent they ?我猜想他們正在等我們，是嗎？I dont think he is fit for the job , is he ?We think they have finished their homework, havent they ?注意:當(dāng)think等這些動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱(chēng),或主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng),而動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí),這時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的助動(dòng)詞和人稱(chēng)代詞要與主句保持一致。Mary thinks you will come to the party , doesnt she ?We had never thought she would pl

12、ay so well in the match , had we ?我們從沒(méi)想到她在比賽中能發(fā)揮得這么好，是不是？12.當(dāng)陳述部分是由“Im sure that ; Im afraid that ; We are sure that ; We are afraid that ; I feel sure that ; I hope that ; We feel sure that ; It seems that”等句型構(gòu)成時(shí)，因主要意思在從句，故疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)要與從句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如：Im sure that you know him well , dont you ?Im afraid t

13、hat he hasnt finished that work , has he ?I hope you dont mind my speaking frankly , do you ?It seems that you are an expert , arent you ?13.若陳述部分含有由連詞”but , and , or , for”等構(gòu)成的并列句時(shí)，則反意疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)部分要根據(jù)第二個(gè)分句的主謂語(yǔ)來(lái)決定。例如： We forgot to bring our tickets ,but please let us enter , will you ?He failed many time

14、s , but he succeeded at last , didnt he ?He is a doctor , but his wife is a teacher , isnt she ?I speak Chinese , but he speaks English , doesnt he ?We must hurry , or we will be late for class , wont we ?She studies hard , for it is the third time that she has been praised , isnt it ?14.若陳述部分是主從復(fù)合句

15、，則疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)要根據(jù)主句的主語(yǔ)而定。例如： When youve finished with that book ,dont forget to put it back on the shelf , willyou?She was cooking when I came home , wasnt she ?It wont matter if Im late for supper , will it ?You know that not everyone can operate the machine , dont you ?He said that he had been to New Y

16、ork , didnt he ?15.當(dāng)陳述部分有“It is/was the first(second, third, etc)time +that從句”這一結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)部分要與“It is/was”保持一致。例如：It is high time that you went to school , isnt it ?It was the second time that he had been in love that year , wasnt it ?16.當(dāng)陳述部分有“It is said(told , reported , believed等)+that clause”時(shí)

17、，其反意疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)部分要與從句中的主謂語(yǔ)保持一致。例如：It is reported that the police caught the thief yesterday , didnt they ?It is said that she has won the first place in this competition , hasnt she ?17.若陳述部分是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式且?guī)в袆?dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，其疑問(wèn)部分中動(dòng)詞形式必須根據(jù)句意用不同的時(shí)態(tài)，分述如下:A.若有表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或者謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去是時(shí)態(tài)，疑問(wèn)部分助動(dòng)詞did構(gòu)成。例如：He is said to have fin

18、ished the research work last year , didnt he ?B.若謂語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則疑問(wèn)部分用be的適當(dāng)形式。如：She is said to be running a big company , isnt she ?C.若謂語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)且主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是完成式時(shí)，則疑問(wèn)部分用have的適當(dāng)形式。例如：They are said to have read that book , havent they ?18.如果陳述部分是I am，反意疑問(wèn)部分用arentaint I ?。Im late , arent I ? 我遲到了，是不是？Im

19、 doing well, arent / aintI ?我干得不錯(cuò)，是嗎？19.當(dāng)陳述部分是感嘆句時(shí)，其疑問(wèn)部分要根據(jù)感嘆句所強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況用he/she/it/they做主語(yǔ)以便在邏輯上保持一致，反意疑問(wèn)部分用否定形式,且用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的適當(dāng)形式。例如：What fine weather , isnt it ?What a pretty actress , isnt she ?How hard he works , doesnt he ?20.若陳述部分為“I / We wish”時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)部分用“may I / we?”；但若句子主語(yǔ)是第二、三人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)部分則根據(jù)人稱(chēng)

20、代詞選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞。例如：I wish to visit the Great Wall , may I ?I wish I could fly to the moon one day , may I ?Tom wishes to go abroad , doesnt he ?21.當(dāng)陳述部分含有youd better , youd like to時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分分別用hadnt you , wouldnt you。例如：Youd better take his advice , hadnt you ? 你最好還是聽(tīng)他的建議，好嗎？Youd like to go to the party ,

21、wouldnt you ? 你想去聚會(huì)，是嗎？22.當(dāng)陳述部分含有have to時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)have的變化，分別用dont , doesnt , didnt。例如：I have to take this medicine , dont I ? 我必須吃這藥，是嗎？但是：當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是have時(shí)，有兩種情況。（1）have作“有”解時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分可用have（not）或do（not）的相應(yīng)形式。His brother has a new bike , hasnt / doesnt he ?（2）have用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分只可用do（not）的相應(yīng)形式。Y

22、ou have lunch at school , dont you ?23.當(dāng)陳述部分是there be句型時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分用be there。例如：There is something wrong with the machine , isnt there ?機(jī)器出了毛病，是嗎？There is no time left , is there ? 沒(méi)有時(shí)間了，是不是？24.當(dāng)陳述部分含有seldom , hardly , scarcely , no , never , rarely , few , little , nobody , nowhere，neither，neithernor,

23、tooto”等等否定動(dòng)詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞用肯定式。例如：He has never been to Beijing , has he ?There is little rain this year , is there ?He is too young to look after himself , is he ?She is seldom late for school , is she ?Neither of them knew his address , did they ? 他們沒(méi)人知道他的地址，對(duì)嗎？He hardly speaks English , does he ? 他幾乎

24、不會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，是吧？She seldom lends her money to others , dose she ?她很少把錢(qián)借給別人，是嗎？注：在tooto”句型中若用形容詞glad , pleased , ready , eager ”等時(shí) ，不適用這一原則 ，因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)并非表示“否定“含義，對(duì)于這點(diǎn)要特別注意。例如：He is too eager to join the army , isnt he ?She is too glad to receive a doctors degree , isnt she ?25.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是從句、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或詞組時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)通常用

25、it。例如：What he said at the meeting is very important , isnt it ? 他在會(huì)上所說(shuō)的很重要，對(duì)嗎？To master a foreign language isnt easy , is it ? 掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)不容易，是嗎？Swimming in rivers is a good sport , isnt it ? 在江河里游泳是一項(xiàng)很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)，是嗎？Where to hold the meeting has not been decided , has it ?Learning how to repair motors takes a long time , doesnt it ?That he didnt pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry , didnt it ?26.如果陳述句部分含有un- , in- , im- , ir- , dis-等否定前綴構(gòu)成的派生詞時(shí)，該陳述句部分仍作肯定處理，疑問(wèn)部分用否定形式。例如：You are unfair , arent you ?It is impossible f