初中英語數(shù)詞用法及練習(xí)

1、.初中英語數(shù)次歸納及練習(xí)數(shù)詞主要分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩類。一、 數(shù)詞的分類1. 基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下：A從110one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，tenB從 1119eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen， nineteen這里除 eleven， twelve， thirteen， fifteen， eighteen為特殊形式外，fourteen，sixteen，seventeen，nineteen都是由其個位數(shù)形式后

2、添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。C從 2199整數(shù)幾十中除twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty為特殊形式外，sixty，seventy，ninety都是其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時，在幾十和個位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“-”21 twenty-one 76 seventy-sixD百位數(shù)個數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”，表示幾百，在幾十幾與百位間加上and101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eightE千位數(shù)以上從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起，

3、每三位數(shù)加一個逗號“，”。從右開始，第一個“，”前的數(shù)字后添加 thousand，第二個“，”前面的數(shù)字后添加 million，第三個“，”前的數(shù)字后添加 billion。然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示，兩個逗號之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式。2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four5,237,166,234 five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hund

4、red and sixty-six thousand，two hundred and thirty-fourF基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時，不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是，當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字，如成百、成千上萬，三三兩兩時，基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。There are hundreds of people in the hall大廳里有數(shù)以百計的人。Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum ofQin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day每天有成千上萬的人來參觀秦兵

5、馬涌博物館。They went to the theatre in twos and threes他們?nèi)齼蓛傻貋淼搅藙≡骸表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代，用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties他三十多歲時成為了教授。She died of lung cancer in her forties她四十來歲時死于肺癌。It was in the 1960s那是在二十世紀(jì)六十年代。H基數(shù)詞的句法功能基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語。The two happily opened the box兩個人高興地打開了盒子。（作主語）I ne

6、ed three altogether我總共需要三個。（作賓語）Four students are playing volleyball outside四個學(xué)生在外面打排球。（作定語）We are sixteen我們是16個人。（作表語）They three tried to finish the task before sunset他們?nèi)齻€人盡力想在日落前完成任務(wù)。（作同位語）2. 序數(shù)詞表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞的主要形式：A從第一至第十九其中，one first， two second， three third， five fifth，eighteighth，nineninth，tw

7、elve twelfth為特殊形式，其它的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成。例如： six sixth、nineteen nineteenthB從第二十至第九十九整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i，再加“eth”構(gòu)成。twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth表示第幾十幾時，用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“”和個位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一fifty-sixth 第五十六seventy-third 第七十三ninety-ninth 第九十九C第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。one h

8、undred and twenty-first 第一百二十一one thousand，three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十D序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式有時，序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。firstlst second2nd third3rdfourth4th sixth6th twentieth20thtwenty-third23rd其中l(wèi)st，2nd，3rd為特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。E序數(shù)詞的句法功能序數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和表語。The second is what I really need第二個是我真正需要的。（作主語）H

9、e choose the second他挑選了第二個。（作賓語）We are to carry out the first plan我們將執(zhí)行第一個計劃。（作定語）She is the second in our class在我們班她是第二名。（作表語）注：序數(shù)詞在使用時，通常前面要加定冠詞 the；但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時，則表示“再”，“又”。Well go over it a second time我們得再念第二遍。Weve tried it three timesMust we try it a fourth time?我們已經(jīng)試過三遍了，還必須試一次（第四次）嗎？另外，

10、基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序。只需將基數(shù)詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后即可，不需要添加定冠詞。the first lessonLesson Onethe fifth pagePage 5（five）the twenty-first roomRoom 21（twenty-one）二、時刻表示法1. 表示幾點鐘用基數(shù)詞加可以省略的oclock5:00 讀作 five oclock 或 five2. 表示幾點過幾分，在分鐘后加past，再加小時five past seven 七點過五分half past six 六點半a quarter past eight 八點過一刻seven past eight 八點過七分

11、3. 表示幾點差幾分，在分鐘后面加to，再加小時ten to eight 差十分八點（七點五十分）a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二點（十一點四十五分）twenty to six 差二十分六點（五點四十分）在日常生活中，常用下列簡單方法表示時間。以小時、分種為單位分別讀出數(shù)字。6:31讀作 six thirty-one10:26讀作 ten twenty-six14:03 讀作 fourteen o three16:15 讀作 sixteen fifteen18:30 讀作 eighteen thirty23:55 讀作 twenty-three fifty-five注：時刻表

12、上的時間大多采用24小時表示法，這樣就不需要用a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午了。三、年月表示法1. 世紀(jì)可以用定冠詞加序數(shù)詞加世紀(jì)century表示，也可以用定冠詞加百位進(jìn)數(shù)加s表示the sixth（6th）century 公元六世紀(jì)the eighteenth（18th）century 公元十八世紀(jì)the 1900s 二十世紀(jì)the 1600s 十七世紀(jì)這里，用百位數(shù)整數(shù)表示的世紀(jì)比這一百位阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字本身多一個世紀(jì)。2. 年代用定冠詞及基數(shù)詞表示的世紀(jì)加十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成in the 1930s（in the thirties of the twentieth century或 i

13、n the nineteen thirties）在二十世紀(jì)三十年代in the 1860s（in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties）在十九世紀(jì)六十年代In the 1870s when Marx was already in his fifties，he found it important to study the situation in Russia，so he began to learn Russian在十九世紀(jì)七十年代當(dāng)馬克思已經(jīng)五十多歲時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究俄國的形勢很重要，便開始學(xué)習(xí)俄語。3. 表示某年代的

14、早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠詞后，年代前添加 early，mid-，latein the early 1920s 在二十世紀(jì)二十年代早期in the mid-1950s 在二十世紀(jì)五十年代中期4. 年月日表示法A年份用基數(shù)詞表示，一般寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，讀時可以以hundred為單位，也可以以世紀(jì)、年代為單位分別來讀。1949 讀作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine1800 讀作 eighteen hundred253 讀作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three1902 讀作

15、 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two表示在哪一年，一般在年數(shù)前加介詞in，使用year時，year放在數(shù)詞之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。B. 月份，在哪個月用介詞in加第一個字母大寫的月份詞表示。例如：in May在五月； in July在七月。為了簡便起見，月份與日期連用時，月份常用縮寫形式表示?？s寫形式除May，June，July外，其它的月份都由其前三個字母表示，但September除外。JanuaryJan一月 FebruaryFeb二月Ma

16、rchMar. 三月 AprilApr四月AugustAug八月SeptemberSept九月OctoberOct十月NovemberNov十一月DecemberDec十二月注：這里縮寫形式后面加點不能省略，因為它是表示縮寫形式的符號。四、分?jǐn)?shù)表示法1. 分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來表示的?；鶖?shù)詞作分子，序數(shù)詞作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters1/3 one third或a third1/2 a half1 1/2 one and a half2. 當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)后面接名詞時，如果分?jǐn)?shù)表示的值大于1，名詞用復(fù)

17、數(shù)；小于1，名詞用單數(shù)。1 1/2 hours 一個半小時（讀作 one and a half hours）2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米（讀作two and three-fourths meters）4/5 meter 五分之四米五 、小數(shù)表示法1. 小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞來表示，以小數(shù)點為界，小數(shù)點左首的數(shù)字為一個單位，表示整數(shù)，數(shù)字合起來讀；小數(shù)點右首的數(shù)字為一個單位，表示小數(shù)，數(shù)字分開來讀；小數(shù)點讀作 point，o讀作 zero或oou，整數(shù)部分為零時，可以省略不讀。0.4 zero point four或point four 零點四10.23 ten point two three

18、 十點二三25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點六七l.03 one point o three 一點零三2. 當(dāng)數(shù)字值大于1時，小數(shù)后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)，數(shù)字值小于1時，小數(shù)后面的名詞用單數(shù)。1.03 meters 一點零三米 0.49 ton 零點四九噸l.5 tons 一點五噸六、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)percent表示50 fifty percent百分之五十3 three percent百分之三0.12 zero point one two percent 百分之零點一二這里的percent前半部per表示“每一”，cent這一后半部分表示“百”，

19、所以百分之幾中percent不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。七、數(shù)量表示法1. 表示長、寬、高、面積等，用基數(shù)詞+單位詞（meter，foot，inch，kilogram等）+ 形容詞（long，wide，high等）表示，或者用基數(shù)詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞（length， width， height， weight等）表示。two meters long或 two meters in length 2米長three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸寬This box is 2 ki

20、lograms in weight這個盒子有兩千克重。The city wall of Xian is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high西安城墻是12米寬，12米高。2. 表示時間、距離時，使用含數(shù)詞的名詞所有格形式作定語。five minutes walk步行五分鐘（的距離）Its an hours ride from my hometown to our university從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)是乘車一小時的路程。或：從我的家鄉(xiāng)到我們大學(xué)需要乘車一小時。Its three kilometers distance from our campus to the

21、 Bell Tower.從我們校園到鐘樓有三公里遠(yuǎn)。3. 表示溫度時，用below zero表示零下溫度，溫度用基數(shù)詞+degree（s）+單位詞（centigrade攝氏或Fahrenheit華氏）表示。thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36 攝氏 36度four degrees below zero centigrade或 -4 攝氏零下4度Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit水在華氏三十二度時結(jié)冰。Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade水在攝氏一百度時沸

22、騰。這里的單位詞在人們都很清楚是什么度量制度時，可以省略。You are 37（讀作 thirty-seven degrees）你是三十七度。（攝氏）Its seven degrees below zero今天是零下七度。（攝氏）4. 由數(shù)詞和其他名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性短語作定語時，其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式，名詞性短語中各部分間要用連字符“-”來連接。Its a five-minute walk from the library to the playground從圖書館到操場需要走五分鐘。Shes a sixteen-year-old girl她是個十六歲的女孩。5. 表示“比大（或）幾倍”的說法。T

23、his room is two times bigger than that one這個房間比那個（房間）大兩倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book這本詞典比那本書厚四倍。My age is two times older than his我的年齡比他大兩倍。是騾子是馬, 拉出來溜溜:八、特殊用法 1數(shù)詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如： Two months is quite a long timeFour and two is sixWhats two and three？ 2一個半小時（一年半，一個半月可類推）onean ho

24、ur and a half one and a half hours 鞏固練習(xí)：I. 把下列短語譯成英語：1. 第12課 _2. 304號房間 _3. 半小時 _4. 每日三次 _5. 第25頁 _6. 20世紀(jì)90年代 _7. 4路公共汽車 _ 8. 第15中學(xué) _9. 21世紀(jì) _ 10. 八米長 _11. 差一刻三點 _ 12. 第二冊 _13. 在他五十幾歲時 _14. 二年級八班 _15. 10:45 _ 16. 第十五單元 _17. 第三冊第十三課 _ 18. 三分之一 _19. 三百英鎊 _ 20. 1994年3月22日 _II. 選擇填空：1. 333 reads _.A. t

25、hree hundred and thirty three B. three hundreds and thirty-threeC. three hundred and thirty-three D. three hundred thirty-three2. The _ month of the year is February.A. one B. first C. two D. second3. The beautiful skirts are on show in the shop, Jane likes _.A. the ninth B. the nineth C. nine D. ni

26、nth4. It took me _ to finish my homework.A. a half and two hour B. two hour and a half C. two and a half hour D. two and a half hours5. December is the _ month of the year.A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelvieth D. twelfth6. Tom bought _ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C.

27、two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes7. There are _ seconds in a minute.A. fourty B. forty C. sixteen D. sixty8. Lin Tao gets up at _ in the morning.A. half past six B. six past half C. past half six D. half six past9. December _ is Christmas.A. twenty-five B. the twenty-fifth C. the twentieth-five D

28、. twentieth-fifth10. There are _ stars in the universe.A. millions B. million of C. millions of D. million11. Monday is the _ day of the week.A. two B. second C. three D. third12. Mr. Black left here _ ago.A. half a hour B. half an hour C. an half hour D. a half hours13. There are _ students in thei

29、r school.A. nine hundred B. nine hundreds C. nine hundred of D. nine hundreds of14. There are _ words in the text of the _ Lesson.A. hundred of, Fifth B. a hundred of, Fiveth C. hundreds of, Fifth D. hundreds of, Fiveth15. We had learned about _ English words by the end of last term.A. nine hundreds

30、 and forty-five B. nine hundreds of and forty-fiveC. nine hundred and forty-five D. nine hundred and fourty-five16.Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _one.A. three B. third C. forth D. /17. A _ boy can sing the English song very well. A. ten-year-old B. ten years old C. ten-year-old

31、D. fifth years old18.The old professor still works hard though he is _. A. in his sixty B. in his sixties C. in sixties D. in the sixty19. This classroom is _ ours. A. three times big as B. as three times big as C. three times as big as D. as big three times as 18.20. _, Coca-Cola began to enter Chi

32、nas market. A. In 1970s B. In 1970s C. In the 1970s D. In the 1970s21. There was no bus in that small town. We had a _. A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk C. ten miles walk D. tenth mile walk22. About_ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-

33、fifths D. fourths-fifth23. _ of the students are girls in our class.A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three24. _ of the worlds books and newspapers are written in English. A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four D. Threes fourth25. The road is over _ meters long.A. six hun

34、dred and fifty-two B. six hundreds and fifty-twoC. six hundred, fifty-two D. six hundred, fifty and two26. The tallest building is an_that stands in the center.A.80-floor building B.60-floor building C.80-floor buildings D.70-floors building27. _of the money _been spent recycling the rubbish.A. Thre

35、e fourths; has B. Three fourths; have C. Three fourth; has D. Three fourth; have28. Dick, it is the _time in_ days that you have made the same mistake.A. two; three B. second; three C. two; third D. second; third29.September_is Teachers Day.A. the ten B. the tenth C. the tens D. ten30.He is _in our

36、class.A. the fourth tallest B. fourth tallest C. four tallest D. the four tallest中考題集：1. About _ people are in the Peoples Park at weekends. A. two hundreds B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. hundred of2. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam (三峽大壩) should be _higher than downstream (下游).A. sixty-

37、five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters3.In our school several _ students are able to search the Internet for useful information now.A. hundred of B. hundreds for C. hundred D. hundreds4. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. this year my father is twice my age.

38、 How old am I? A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 245. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _.A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 19226. Look at the menu:SNACKSHamburger $ 2.60 Orange juice $1.20 Hot dog $2.15 Coffee $1.00Ice cream $2.00 Coke regular $0.75 Popcorn $1.00 large $1.

39、00Jeff wants to buy a hamburger, a large coke and ice cream.How much will he pay?A. Five dollars and sixty cents. B. Five dollars and thirty-five cents.C. Three dollars and sixty cents. D. Two dollars.7. - How many teachers are there in your school? - _, but Im not sure.A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hun

40、dreds of D. One hundred8. About _ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival.A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundreds9. - Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? - No. I think we need _ men.A. another B. two others C. more two D. two more10

41、- Can you write the number eight five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?- Yes, it is _.A. 85662 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 5862611. Therere _ students in our grade.A. hundreds of B. three hundreds of C. three hundreds D. three hundreds12 _ of the workers in this factory is about two hundred, _ of them