Module+6+Unit+3+Reading+知識點部分(教師用)

1、Unit 3 Reading 知識點部分編制：焦小飛 審閱：焦小飛2013.10.71. (P33) In Thailand, people greet each other by putting their hands together and bowing.在泰國，人們見面時通過雙手合十并鞠躬來互致問候?？键cgreet vt與某人打招呼（或向某人問候）；歡迎，迎接(=welcome)e.g. He greeted us with a smile. 他微笑著向我們打招呼。He greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived. 客人到達(dá)時他都熱情接待

2、。拓展be greeted with受到（歡呼、懷疑等）greeting n.C, U問候，招呼；迎接exchange greetings = greet each other 互相問候send greetings to sb. = give regards to sb 向某人問候e.g. His proposals were greeted with cheers. 他的建議贏得了一片喝彩。He raised his hand in greeting. 他舉手致意。As the New Year is quickly approaching, I take this opportunity

3、to send my greetings and best wishes to you for 2013. 值此2013年即將到來之際，我謹(jǐn)向您致以最美好的祝愿和問候。即學(xué)即用：翻譯Its a common way to greet each other by shaking hands. 握手是一種被普遍接受的問候方式。His speech was greeted with cheers. 他的講話贏得了一片喝彩。2. (P33) In South America, you can expect to be hugged when you meet someone.=It is likely

4、 / probable that you will be hugged when you meet someone.=Youre likely to be hugged when you meet someone.考點expect vt. 預(yù)料，預(yù)期；等待，期待； sth. (of / from sb.) 要求，指望；猜想，認(rèn)為e.g. You cant expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.不要指望在幾個月內(nèi)就能學(xué)會一門外語。House prices are expected to rise sharply. 預(yù)計房價會急劇上漲

5、。Many people were expecting (that) the peace talks would break down.許多人預(yù)料和平談判會破裂。It is expected that the report will suggest some major reforms. 預(yù)計這個報告會提出一些重大改革。I didnt expect him to be a successful writer. 我沒想到他會成為一個成功的作家。He is still getting over his illness, so dont expect too much from him.他仍處于康復(fù)

6、期，所以不要對他期望過高。-Are you going out tonight? 你今晚要出去嗎？-I expect so. / I dont expect so. 我想會的。/ 我想不會吧。3. (P34) Cultural differences 文化差異考點difference n差別，差異；爭端，分歧e.g. There are many differences in greeting ways in different countries. 不同國家之間的問候方式有很多差異。Theyve settled their differences and made up with each

7、other again. 他們已解決了爭端，重修舊好。拓展tell the difference 區(qū)分，區(qū)別make a (big) difference 有（很大）影響make no difference （對某物）根本沒影響；（對某人）不重要，無所謂differ vi. 不同different adj. 不同的A differs from B (in sth.) = A be different from B (in sth.) A（在方面）不同于Be.g. Lily differs from Lucy in character, although they are twins. 盡管莉莉

8、和露西是雙胞胎，但姐倆性格不同。Old English differs from the English we speak now. 古英語和我們現(xiàn)在所說的英語有差別。= Old English is different from the English we speak now.即學(xué)即用：翻譯When youre learning to drive, having a good coach makes a difference. 學(xué)駕駛，有個好教練差別可大了。ground n. (an area of interest, knowledge or ideas) （興趣、知識或思想的）范圍，領(lǐng)

9、域put sth. aside (to ignore orforget sth, usually a feeling or adifference of opinion)忽視，不理睬，忘記求同存異。 Seek common ground while putting aside differences.即學(xué)即用：改寫句子It makes no difference to me who will win the election. =It doesnt matter to me who will win the election. =Its the same to me who will win

10、the election. =Its not important to me who will win the election.4. (line 7) Waled, why dont you tell her about the British teacher who opened the present as soon as he received it at the end-of-term ceremony?瓦利德，你為什么不跟她講講那位英國老師在期末典禮上一收到禮物就打開的事呢？考點Why dont you do sth.？句型表示建議，Why not do sth.？也具有同樣的功能

11、。Why not? 作為答語時表示贊同。e.g. Why dont you buy a book about cultural differences before you go abroad?出國前為什么不買本關(guān)于文化差異的書呢？Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats where the best jobs are. 鮑勃，為什么不到市中心去碰碰運(yùn)氣呢？那兒才有最好的工作。Lets go outing this weekend! 這個周末去郊游吧！Why not? / I cant agree more. 好哇。/ 好主意！高考鏈接We coul

12、d invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party. Yes, _? Ill give them a call right now. (2011高考全國卷)A. why not B. what for C. why D. what考點as soon as 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“一就”。拓展英語中表示“一就”含義的表達(dá)方式還有：immediately, instantly, directly;the moment (second, minute, instant); hardly when, no sooner than; on/upon d

13、oing; at sth.On hearing the bad news, she burst into tears. 一聽到這個壞消息，她就失聲痛哭。= At the bad news, she burst into tears. 即學(xué)即用：單項選擇Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available.A. as soon as B. unlessC. as far as D. until5. (line 11) Well, its what we do in

14、 the West. 嗯，我們在西方就是這樣做的?？键c本句中what we do in the West為表語從句，在從句中what作do的賓語。what在名詞性從句中可以作主語、賓語和表語。如果名詞性從句中不缺少成分就用that。e.g. What I want to know is who will take my place. （what作know的賓語）What matters most is who wi11 take my place. （what作主語）China is no longer what used to be. （what作be的表語）高考鏈接Modern scien

15、ce has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. what B. which C. that D. whereBefore a problem can be solved, it must be obvious_ the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom6. (

16、line 7) Roosters are supposed to drive bad spirits away from the wedding ceremony, and hens are thought to ensure good luck for the marriage. 公雞被認(rèn)為是用來辟邪的，而母雞則被認(rèn)為能給婚姻帶來好運(yùn)?？键c1be supposed to do 應(yīng)該；被期望e.g. Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt in the car. 每個人在汽車?yán)锒紤?yīng)該系安全帶。The train was supposed to arri

17、ve half an hour ago. 火車本應(yīng)在半小時之前到達(dá)。即學(xué)即用：寫出下列句子中畫線部分的中文意思The game was not as one-sided as we had supposed. 猜想We have no reason to suppose that he has done anything illegal. 認(rèn)為You are supposed to make a copy of the contract before you mail it. 應(yīng)該The restaurant is generally supposed to make excellent di

18、shes. 被普遍認(rèn)為I dont suppose you know her telephone number. 我想你不知道-I think their new building is really impressive. -Well, I suppose so. 我想是吧Let us suppose that you spend one hour in learning English every day. 假設(shè)Suppose/Supposing you won the lottery, what would you do with the money? 假設(shè)，假如即學(xué)即用：單項選擇-Yo

19、u can have a pet dog, but _ you get bored with it in a few days, then what? - We wont, we promise! A. unless B. until C. before D. suppose高考鏈接- You should apologize to her, Barry.- _, but its not going to be easy. A. I suppose so B. I feel soC. I prefer to D. I like to考點2sb./sth. is/are thought to d

20、o = It is thought that 人們認(rèn)為 e.g. Hens are thought to ensure good luck for the marriage.= It is thought that hens can ensure good luck for the marriage. 考點3ensure = insure vt. 保證，擔(dān)保，確保句型：ensure sth.= make sure of sthensure that= make sure thatsee to it thate.g. Measures must be taken to ensure their

21、safety. 必須采取措施，確保他們的安全。This medicine will ensure you a good nights sleep. 這藥能保證你睡一夜好覺。I cant ensure his being on time. 我不能保證他的準(zhǔn)時。Please ensure (that) all lights are switched off. 請務(wù)必將所有燈都關(guān)掉。即學(xué)即用：改寫句子e.g. Ensure that all the lights are turned off when you leave. = Make sure that all the lights are tu

22、rned off when you leave.= See to it that all the lights are turned off when you leave.7. (line 20) During the ceremony, the hen laid an egg, and everyone congratulated the new couple because it was considered very luck.考點congratulate sb. (on sth.) 向（某人）祝賀 oneself (on sth.) （為成就或成功）感到高興/自豪e.g. 我祝賀你的偉

23、大發(fā)現(xiàn)。I congratulate you on your great discovery. 他慶幸自己在空難中幸免于死。 He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.拓展congratulation n. 祝賀；賀詞Congratulations! （用以向人祝賀）祝賀，賀喜e.g. I send you my warmest congratulations on your success. 我對你的成功致以最熱烈的祝賀。Youve passed your driving test! Congratulations!

24、你駕駛測驗合格了! 恭喜！ 8. (line 25) Another difference is that while we serve food, soft drinks, tea and coffee, alcohol is not permitted at the wedding reception-in fact, alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei. 另一個不同點是：婚宴上我們供應(yīng)食物、軟飲料、茶和咖啡，但不許喝酒 事實上，酒在文萊是完全禁止的。考點1permit v. (permitted, permitted) 允許，準(zhǔn)許；使有可

25、能e.g. Students are not permitted to take the books out of the reading room.學(xué)生不準(zhǔn)把書帶出閱覽室。Well discuss both questions if time permits. = Well discuss both questions, time permitting.如果時問允許，我們將把兩個問題都討論一下。拓展permit n.（管理部門頒發(fā)的）許可證e.g. You mustnt park here unless you have a permit. 沒有許可證此處禁止停車。辨析permit和allo

26、w兩者均可表示“允許”，從用法上看，兩者后接動詞作賓語時，均要用動名詞形式，而不能用動詞不定式，即：allow/permit doing sth. 若其后接有名詞或代詞，那么其后須接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。即：allow/permit sb. to do sth.1) permit通常指上級、規(guī)則或法令等表示的準(zhǔn)許，其語氣較重、較正式。2) allow通常指不加反對，有時含有聽任或默許之意，語氣較輕。e.g. The nurse allowed him to remain there, though it was not permitted. 護(hù)士讓他留在那兒，而按規(guī)定那是不允許的。即學(xué)即用：

27、改寫句子Weather permitting, well go for a picnic tomorrow.= If the weather permits, well go for a picnic tomorrow. 即學(xué)即用：單項選擇Micro blogging, or Weibo, as is known in China, _ users to send short messages up to 140 characters, is very popular among young people. (2012南京高三二模)A. expecting B. taking C. encou

28、raging D. allowing高考鏈接Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carry B. carryingC. to be carried D. being carried考點2prohibit vt.（以法令，規(guī)定等）禁止；阻止；使不可能prohibit sth. 禁止某事（指法律層面禁止，比ban更正式）prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事e.g. Smoking is str

29、ictly prohibited inside the factory. 工廠內(nèi)嚴(yán)禁吸煙。Nuclear powers are are prohibited from selling this techno1ogy. 禁止核大國出售該項技術(shù)。拓展1prohibition n.U（尤指通過法律的）禁止，阻止； C禁令e.g. The government will issue a prohibition against selling alcohol to people under the age of 18.政府即將出臺一條禁令，禁止向18歲以下人群售酒。拓展2forbid vt. (forb

30、ade，forbidden) “禁止，不許”，普通用語，比prohibit通俗，用于較小事物，或個人、上級、官方、長輩做出的禁止命令、規(guī)定，或客觀條件不允許。forbid sb. from doing sth. 不準(zhǔn)某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 不準(zhǔn)某人做某事ban n. / vt.“禁止，禁令”，指合法地或由于社會壓力而禁止，含譴責(zé)或不贊成的態(tài)度。ban sth. 禁止某事（指法律層面禁止）ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事lift the ban on sth. 解除對禁令e.g. The government has lifted th

31、e ban on the fireworks.政府解除了燃放煙花爆竹的禁令。即學(xué)即用：翻譯e.g. They made a law to prohibit doctors from advertising their services. 他們制定了一條法規(guī)來禁止醫(yī)生為他們的服務(wù)做廣告。9. (line 36) However, in Brunei that can cause offence, so we use our thumb to point. 但在文萊這樣做會冒犯別人，所以我們用大拇指來指東西?？键coffence nc罪行，犯罪，犯罪活動(=crime)U冒犯；侮辱e.g. He w

32、as not aware that he had committed an offence他沒意識到自己的行為已經(jīng)構(gòu)成了犯罪。Im sure he meant no offence when he said that. 我確信他的那番話不是故意要冒犯你。拓展offensive adj冒犯性的；攻擊性的；無禮的offend vt. 冒犯，得罪；觸怒 (hurt the feelings of sb.)e.g. Try to avoid using_offensive words while speaking. 說話時盡量避免用一些攻擊性話言。即學(xué)即用：改寫句子His comments offen

33、ded many single women. =His comments were offensive to many single women. 即學(xué)即用：翻譯如果有冒犯之處，請原諒。Im sorry if Ive offended you.I cant afford to offend such an important official. 這樣重要的官員我惹不起。10. (line 36) Its quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.看新來的外教努力學(xué)這個動作的樣子很是滑

34、稽?？键c1動名詞作主語常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：It + be / seem + no good / no use / useless / funny + doing sth.e.g. Its no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。Its no good reading without full understanding. 讀書而不充分理解是沒有益處的。考點2adjust vt. sth. (to sth.) 調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)，校準(zhǔn)vi. (to sth. / to doing sth.) / (oneself to sth.) 適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣e.g. This button

35、is for adjusting the volume. 這個按鈕是調(diào)節(jié)音量的。You can adjust the table to the height of any child. 你可以根據(jù)孩子的身高來調(diào)節(jié)桌子。He adjusted very quickly to the climate of the country. 他很快適應(yīng)了該國的氣候。After a while his eyes adjusted to the dark. 過了一會兒他的眼睛習(xí)慣了黑暗。It took her a while to adjust to living alone. 她過了一段時間才適應(yīng)獨(dú)自生活。Y

36、oull quickly adjust yourself to college life. 你將很快適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活。辨析adjust和adapt adjust（內(nèi)容見上） adapt vt. 改編；改裝；改變以適應(yīng)。當(dāng)表示“改變以適應(yīng)”時，adjust和adapt可以互換。e.g. He adapted the world-famous novel for a movie.他把這部世界著名的小說改編成了一部電影。He adapted his old car engine to the boat. 他把他的舊汽車上的引擎用到那只船上。The cars fuel system was adapted

37、 to take unleaded gas. 汽車的燃油系統(tǒng)已被改成使用無鉛汽油。The body adjusts /adapts (itself) to changes of temperature. 身體會自行適應(yīng)溫度的變化。You must adjust /adapt (yourself) to new conditions. 你必須使自己適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。即學(xué)即用：完成句子e.g. 她用了很長時間才適應(yīng)離婚后一個人的生活。It took her quite a while to adjust / adapt to living alone after the divorce.這部熱播的電視

38、劇改編自一部知名小說。The popular TV play is adapted from a well-known novel.11. (line 39) Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it. 很多外國朋友很難適應(yīng)這種做法?？键caccustom vt. 使習(xí)慣于accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己習(xí)慣于be/get accustomed to (doing) sth. = be/get used to (doing) sth習(xí)慣于（to為介詞，后接動名詞作賓語）e.g. Childr

39、en are quick to accustom themselves to new surroundings. 孩子們很快就可以適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。I have been accustomed to staying up (late) at night. 我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了晚上熬夜。拓展類似的搭配還有:be devoted to (doing) sth. 專注于做某事be committed to (doing) sth. 承諾做某事；致力于e.g. She is committed to the education of the children from remote mountainous are

40、as. 她致力于偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)孩子的教育。即學(xué)即用：完成句子e.g. People living in large cities have got used / accustomed to waiting for a long time because of heavy traffic jams every day. 住在大城市的居民每天因為交通擁堵不得不等很長時問，他們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了。即學(xué)即用：改寫句子e.g. Villagers in the distant mountainous area have got accustomed to living without electricity .=Vi

41、llagers in the distant mountainous area have got used / accustomed to living without electricity.12. (line 43) Even though we share the same language-with different accents, of course-our customs are not always alike. 盡管我們的語言是相同的當(dāng)然口音不同然而我們的風(fēng)俗并不總是相似。考點alike adj. 相像；十分相似 adv. 十分相像地；同樣地e.g. The two off

42、ice buildings are somewhat alike in appearance. 這兩座辦公樓在外形上有點相似。Good management benefits employers and employees alike. 良好的管理對雇主和雇員同樣有利。13. (line 46) I have fond childhood memories of Bonfire Night, but my American friends are not familiar with that particular festival. 我有童年時篝火節(jié)的溫馨回憶，但我的美國朋友對那個特別的節(jié)日竟

43、然不太了解?？键c1fond adj. of sb. / of (doing) sth. 喜愛，喜歡only before noun深情的，溫情的，慈愛的；（指希望）難以實現(xiàn)的，癡想的e.g. a fond look / embrace / farewell 慈愛的目光；溫情的擁抱；深情的告別I have very fond memories of my time in Paris. 我十分懷念以前在巴黎的時光。I waited all day in the fond hope that she would change her mind. 我整天等待，癡心希望她回心轉(zhuǎn)意?？键c2familiar

44、 adj. 熟悉的；常見的(sb) be familiar with sth（某人）對很熟悉(sth) be familiar to sb （某物）為某人所熟知e.g. I am familiar with his character. 我熟悉他的性格。The play is nearly familiar to everyone in this country. 這部戲在這個國家?guī)缀跏羌矣鲬魰?。拓展unfamiliar adj. (to sb.) 陌生的，不熟悉的； (with sth.) 無.的知識（或經(jīng)驗）即學(xué)即用：翻譯我對他的伎倆非常了解，所以我才沒有上當(dāng)。 (familiar; fa

45、ll for) I was familiar with his tricks, so I didnt fall for them.如果你對所申請的大學(xué)很熟悉，成功的把握會大些。 You are more likely to succeed if you are quite familiar with the university you will apply for.I began to feel at home in the new school when I saw some_ faces.A. familiar B. similar C. particular D. popular13.

46、 (line 49) Oh, its a celebration that takes place on November 5th every year. 喔，這個慶?；顒釉诿磕甑?1月5日舉行。考點celebration n. U慶祝，祝賀； in celebration of 為了慶祝.C慶典 hold a celebration 舉辦慶典celebrate vt. 慶祝，慶賀（節(jié)日、生日、勝利）；贊美，歌頌celebrated adj. 著名的，聞名的e.g. John and I will celebrate our fiftieth wedding anniversary next

47、month. 我和約翰準(zhǔn)備下個月慶祝我們的金婚紀(jì)念日。即學(xué)即用：單項選擇A party was held _ the breakthrough made in the development of the new material.A. in favour of B. in case of C. in need of D. in celebration of14. (line 46) Though the festivals may share some things in common, they are not the same. 盡管這些節(jié)日有一些共同點，但他們并不完全相同?？键c1sha

48、re vt共有，分享；n. 份額e.g. Two Americans will share this years Nobel Prize for Medicine.兩位美國人將共同摘得今年的諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎。They share a common interest in playing golf. 他們倆有個共同的興趣愛好就是打高爾夫球。考點2common adj普通的事物adj普遍的，常見的；共同的；普通的，平凡的 (=ordinary)e.g. Heart disease is one of the common causes of death. 心臟病是常見的死因之一。Cars have b

49、ecome part of life of common families in China. 在中國，汽車已經(jīng)步人普通百姓家。拓展in common共有have in common (with sb.) （與）有共同之處（或相同的特點）be in common with sb. /sth與相同common sense 常識common practice常規(guī)做法e.g. What do these statements have in common? 這些陳述有何共同之處呢？Common sense is not sense common to everyone, but sense in common things. 常識不是人人都有的知識，而是關(guān)于常見事物的知識。即學(xué)即用：翻譯盡管我們倆是兄弟，但我們沒有共同之處。Although we are brothers, we have nothing in common