考研英語(yǔ)一真題原文及答案解析完整版

1、考研英語(yǔ)一真題原文及答案解析完整版2012年考研英語(yǔ)一真題原文及答案解析完整版ectioni ue elsh diections: read thefoing ex choose thbest word（s)for eachumbre nk andmak a, b, r o answer heet 1 （10 pons) a th follwtext choose the bestord（s) foreachnrdban and ark a， b, o n anwr set 1. （0 oits) ethicaljdgments f te supreme urtjstices havebeco

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9、 drgsand casul sex but her new ook jon he lub，tna osnrg otn thapeer pesr c alo be positve foce though ht she cls thesoa cur,n wch orgnizations n ofial ue the powergroupdynamic to hep individual mprove hir ives an possiblteword rsenberg, th ecientofa pulitzerpriz, offrs a hsf exampleo he ocial cren a

10、ction： in scaolna， a stte-pooe antmkig program cled ag agaist hee sets ot maecigarettcool. isouth aria,anhv-eetio iitiatieknn as loelie recruits ong peol to promote sa x amongtir pers.heida ems romng,andosenbe is perptv observer. hercritiq ofthe lameneof many pbic-ealcmpaigns i po-on:they i milzepee

11、 pressure rhealthyhabis，n thydemotre a eriouyflwe undertandig o psychog.” de beiffert, peas ont soe!” plas ne billboar caain aied reducing smokingaong teeagers-eengers， who dsie othigmoe th fiting in.ronberg arges covincinlthatpublc-heathadaought to take a pag rom adversers, so kled at appligpee pre

12、ssure. un the gaefecivenes ofthesocial cu, rosenberg is ls persasive. o th lubiille wtto muchireevt deil an nt enog exploraton of the social a ioogica factstat mak peer pressue so powerfl. themost aring flw of thocicur as it prntd hre is tati dosntwok ery wll fo ver g rage n the hazefild once stte n

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14、io se evy . farles cerain, howeve, hw scesfu expet and bureaurscn slct ur pee group and teerir acivtiein virtos etio. itl the teacerwho breaksupthetroublemakrsinthbac wbyparing tem wthbtter-ehved cssates thetatcnever rally k andhats t probem with scial cue engineedfro the ts: in erealord， a scho, we

15、inist n choosin or ow red.21. accrding tothers pararaph,per pressure ofen merge asa asuplmen to thesocial cue stimuus to rup dynamics a obalto chool proress d ause of undesirae behavors 22.roseber hods that pli advoces sholda rcruit rfesioal advetsers lern rm avrisers xperiece c tayawyfrm ommerciald

16、vertises drcognie the mations dvimnts 23.inhe auhos ve, rosbersbok fails o aadquately roe socia a bioocl fos b effctively evd the flawofthesocialcure c ilusrte t ncons of stae undinproduce a long-astn sca effct 2. parrah howthat ur itaton ofbehvios isarmfuloour tworks of frinds b willmiea behavioa s

17、udc occurs withut our realizng it d nrue negtie heath hait hauthr uggestsinthe lastpragrph that theffet ofpeer pressr is ahrmul b irablec pfondquestionablesecioiireading preeninpar dirtns： rad the folowngfour tets answrthequestin belo ech text b cosig , b， c o d. markyur anwers answe set 1. (40 oint

18、s） text comeon -everbodysoing it. that whsere mesae， lfivitation ad alfforing， i wt mst of us thikof wn we hear the ors peer ressre. t usal leads tono goo-drinkin, drand casal ex. but er w bok join thecub, tia roseber conendsthat peeresuran also be a positie force though wht hclls the scia cure,inwh

19、ic oranzaionsnd officias use hepowf grup dnamc to help ndividuals mpo theili ad sibly the word. rosnbeg, the recipent of ulit prize， fs ost of eame of soca curein ction： i south calin, a tae-pooed ntoing pogram lled ageagaint te hees ou o make cigrte ucool. i southfica， ani-preventon initiatv kown a

20、s lovliferecru oungpeople to promot safe sex amon ther pe.the ease rmisn，and osebeg i a pereptie obsever he crit ofthe lmns mauic-elh capains s spo-o: they filt obi per presure r althy at, andthey dmonsraea eious flawed dersai of psychology.” daretbe iffern, eae dot smoke！” pad one billboard campain

21、 aimd at educng smkin aongtnagers-tenaes, who dsre nthn more than ittig in roenbergargue convincingly ta publc-halthadcte ugo ake apagefo advetisrs, so killed ataplyingpeer eur. bu on tegenea ffectivenes o te sol cue, rsenberg is s persasv. jin the clb is ild with o muc irelvat deil and not enouh ex

22、plratin othe oci d biolgica facor hat make er presue s pefl the os glagflaw of the scil cure s itspresentedhere s tat tdoet ork vry wellfor veyng. rage againt the aze faied once stae funing was cu. evdece that he lovelif program produc lasticang is lited n d. hes n doubt tht r pe roups xer normou in

23、fluene n ourhavior. an mergnboyofreearch shw tha oste halthhbitsa el gtive oes-spreadthrogh netorks of ieds i socacouniao thisisaubtle rm f pee ressure: we uncnsciousl iiat th havrwe se very ayf lss certain， hoer, is houssfully exrts nd burearat can select our ee grups tetheir atities in vrtuo recti

24、on. itslikethe teacher who ra upth trblemakersin the bac rowby piingtem ithetter-beavedclssmates he acc nver eally wors.and tas he ple ih sociaurengnered fm teoutsi： the real world， as in shol, we sist o choosing our ownfriends. 2. acordio he istparagah, peer pessuofte emees as a a spplement to the

25、soial cure stmulus o oup ya n obstace to cooprogessacae of udesiable havos2. serg olds tha puli voates should a recut profional drtir b lern frm aderisesexriece stay way rom comercia dvtisers d rcgnzehe limitaonsof ertiements 2 n he uthrs vi， rosenbesboo fals adeqtely obe social and biologicl facors

26、 b effctively aete fa f hsocialcure c illustat h fuins of tatefnding dpoduce a longlating socal effe 24. pararaphshowstha ou imitatoofeaios s harmful tour nwork of rieds b wil misad ehaoral dies occurwtut our realizngi d can prouce negve alt habts 25.the author sugests i he lat paragrh that te eecto

27、eepesu i hrmul b desale cprofoundd questionable text3in h ideliedeion o w ciene is dne, fcts bot th world rwaiting t eobservedand ceedbyetiveresarhso use the sieniic etho to arr o thorkut ineerydayractice o science, disovery frequentl fllows anmbiuou nd comlicted oute.we aim to be objecve， but we ca

28、nno escape th contx of our unque le epeienc. prior knwlege and nteretinfuencwhat exrienc, wht we think ou experienesa, and he sbsequen acionse take. oppouties o mieprtati, errr,a se-dcepton abound. consequetl， discovery clamshould be hou of s protoscience. imar to ewl sakedmining caims, te are fllf

29、potntialbut it takes colcve scrutiny nd ccepnc ttransfor dicovercliino amatur disvery. hisieredibily rces,throuh wchthe ndiidual reserche e, re,nbeoes communs nyone,aywh, anytme. objtie kolege is the go, nt thetarting poit na dicovery claibecomes pubic, th discoerr reeives intellctualcredi bt，ulike

30、with mininclaim， the commuiy taes ctrl of whatapen xt.thith complex socia tucur f the sientifcommunty, resarcersake icovers； ditors an rviwes ct as gteeepesb cotrollig the publicaion pres; oth centss uethe newfinig t sui theirown rpose;nd finly, thepul (incluin thercienists)recives the new iovry an

31、psibly accoanyg tecnloy. dicoerclim works it hrugh thecmmunity， te intrtn an confrontato bteen shaed n compeng elief boutthe science and thetechnoog invovedransfor andividals diveryclai int hecommunit credble disvry.tw paaoxeistthrohut his credibity proess. firt, scintifc worktds to fcus n oe spect

32、opeilin owlege tat iviewed s comee oinrct.itl rward ompanie dplcatn andcnfmon ofwh i lre nown n belevd.te gal is n-sech, no e-serch. not surprisingl， ewly published dsvey cais andeibe dicoveris haapear to impornt nd covincin wil awas b open to chalene n potentilodificai orrfuttion y futr resarchs. s

33、econd, nvty itsefquntly rovokes dslief.nobe laureate ad phiologst lbertzegygyi oce desribescovery as “eeingwhat veybod hs seen andhnkigwhat oody hashoght” but ikingwhatnooy else has thouht andtling hrswhat hey hae msed mnot hange heirviews. someties year ar rque fo ruy nvel isovey claim to be accept

34、ed nd apeciaed. inte end, cdility“hpns”taiscoveycaim- rcesshat orespons t a philsophe annetebaer hs desibed as the commonsof he mind. “we resontogeter, halenge, rese, ad coplee ech othes reasoningand othr oncptisof easo.” 31.acodng to e firspararaph, he pros f dcove is chaacteizeby is a uceranty d c

35、mpexity.b iscocepiona ecepienss lgialty ad ojectity. d systeatcnessand egulari. 32. itcaeinfrre frompragrah 2 tatcedibilit proes requis a stt inspecton.bshae forts. c invidua wisdom dpersstn innovtion. 33.prgraph 3shostha a dicovey claimecom crdibe afr it a hasattracte th attntin of te gneralpublic

36、bhas bn eam bythe scietfccmmniy. chasreciedrecognitio rom editors anreewers hs been fuetl quo by peersients. . aet zn-g？rgi woud mostlikely agre tha a cietific clams will surie challengs. bdiscoveritoday ini future erch. rtst makedisoveriesae justified. dsientifc wok cll or a rtcal min.35hih of the

37、flowingwodbethe est tilfthtst? a nvlty aa ngine oscentifievelopen. bcllive stin i scitiic discovery. c vlutio of cdibiity in doig cine dcllege orediilit egat to scie ext4 th trad unonist jimmoee alivetday,hewould obaly representcivil seant whenofemses we ithei rme i 19,only one i ten aeric goernen w

38、orkrs belngdto a nion； n36% on 2009 te nue ounnists n americs bi str ass ha fteifellow membintheprivat ecto. in britain, mre than hlf f ublietor wrker but onbout 15 ofivat-ctorons ae uniozedhrerree eason fr the pulic-scto uisriving irst， they cn t hings own wihsffein muc inte way f consequeces scond

39、, e are mstly brght an well-eucae. a utr of amecas pulicsector wrkes hve univesity degre. thid,they ow oine left-ofentpolitis. some o ter ti go back long way. rtais lbr part， sts nae ipies, ha lonben assoted hrade uninism.itscrent leader,edmilibnd, oes hi psiion t ves frm publicsecorunios t the tate

40、 lev teir iuncecan be een moefeasome. mrk baldassareofte puli pocy insituteofaliforni ponts ut hat c of t tates udgt ialle byunions.te teachers unonepa eyeon schols， te ccpo n prisons ad a varetyof labr groupso hea care. in man chcuntries veagewas i the staesecrahigherhan ithe pvateon. but therea ga

41、in comein beefis a ork rties. liicins arepealy “ackloaded” puic-setor pay deals, eeping the payinessmoest bu adi to oliday and specally peions th are alead geerous refo has been vigroly oppsed， perhapsmost gegiousl in duato,whe chartr schols, acadees ndmet pya fe dn-ut battles vethouhere iplentyof v

42、idnethatthe uality of the echer i st importaarile， techr uion havefog againt geting id badones andpromotng odones. as the cost to evryoeele hs becmelearr， litiae egn o lap down. inwsconsn ushav allie tosans of suppoters agains sot walr, tehrdin rplangoerno.but ny win te pulc sector sufr uner the cur

43、rent system, to. on donahueathrvarkennedyshoo pointsoutthattnorms o cltre in wesern ivilevces suithose who wnt toayput buis ba fr hih achieer. the on mricpubli-seto woke who earn el above$50，0 aea re unversity spor cohes nd he resident of he unte states bankes fata packts hae ttract mu crtiim,but apublicsectr syste at dos notrwrdhgh ahievera b a mucgger problem for america36it a be larned rom thefrprarah tht a amstesstil ave lrge oyf mems. b