lsat真題1-72lsat_pt_29

1、LSAT*PrepTest 29Test ID: LL3029A complete version of PrepTest XXIX has been reproduced with the permission of Law School Admission Council, Inc.Prep Test XXIX 1999 Law School Admission Council, Inc.All actual LSAT questions printed within this work are used with the permission of Law School Admissio

2、n Council, Inc., Box 2000, Newton, PA 18940, the copyright owner. LSAC does not review or endorse specific test preparation or services, and inclusion of licensed LSATquestions within this work does not imply the review or endorsement of LSAC.2002 Kaplan Educational CentersAll right reserved. No par

3、t of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of Kaplan Educational Centers.Logical ReasoningSECTION IReading ComprehensionSECTION

4、IIAnalytical ReasoningSECTION IIILogical ReasoningSECTION IV111-2-SECTION ITime35 minutes 25 QuestionsDirections: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question

5、. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken t

6、he corresponding space on your answer sheet.Thereshouldbeagreateruseof gasohol.Gasoholisa mixtureof alcoholandgasoline,andhasahigher octane rating and fewer carbon monoxide emissions than straightgasoline. Burninggasohol adds no more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than plants remove by photosynthe

7、sis.Each of the following, if true, strengthens the argument above EXCEPT:Questions 12Politician: The funding for the newnationwide health- awareness campaign should come from an increase in taxes on cigarettes. It is well established that cigarette smoking causes many serious health problems, and i

8、t is only reasonable that people whose unhealthful habits cause so manyhealthproblems shouldbear the costs of that campaign.Smoker: But it isequallywell established thatregularly eating high-fat, high-cholesterol foods causes as many serious health problems as does smoking, yet is would be manifestl

9、y unreasonable to force those who purchase suchfoods tobear theburden of financing this campaign.3.Cars runlesswellon gasoline than they do on gasohol.Since less gasoline is needed with the use of gasohol,anenergy shortageis less likely.Cars burn on the average slightly more gasohol per kilometer th

10、an they do gasoline.Gasohol is cheaper to produce and hence costs less at the pump than gasoline.Burning gasoline adds more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than plants can remove.(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)Whichone of the followingisthe pointatissue between the politician and the smoker?1.whether the politicia

11、ns proposal for financing the health-awareness campaign is an unreasonable one whethersmokersaremoreawareof theharmful effects of their habit than are people who regularly eat high-fat, high-cholesterol foods whether the effects of smoking constitute a greater health hazard than do the effects of re

12、gularly eating high-fat, high-cholesterol foods whether it is unreasonable to require people who do not benefit from certain governmental programs to share the costs of those programs whether the proposed increase on cigarette taxes isanefficient meansof financing the health-awareness campaign(A)Cat

13、s spend much of their time sleeping; they seem to awakenonlytostretchandyawn.Yettheyhavea strong,agile musculature that most animals would have to exercise strenuously to acquire.Whichone of the following,if true,most helps to resolve the apparent paradoxdescribedabove?4.(B)(C)Cats have a greater ph

14、ysiological need for sleep than other animals.Many other animals also spend much of their time sleeping yet have a strong, agile musculature.Cats are able to sleep in apparently uncomfortable positions.Cats derive ample exercise from frequent stretching.Catsrequire strength andagility in order tobe

15、effective predators.(A)(B)(D)(E)(C)(D)(E)2.The smokers response to the politicians argument(A) offers a counterexample that calls intoquestion the politicians reasoning(B) presents an alternative solution to that proposed by the politician(C) argues that the method proposed by the politicianwouldbei

16、nadequateforits intended purpose(D) questions the accuracy of the information cited by the politician in reaching a conclusionGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.illustrates how the politicians proposal could aggravate the problem it isintended tosolve(E)11-3- 15.Barnes: Thetwonewestemployees at this company hav

17、e salaries thatare too high for the simple tasks normally assigned to new employees and duties that are too complex for inexperienced workers. Hence, the salaries and the complexity of the duties of these two newest employees should bereduced.Which one of the following is an assumption onwhich Barne

18、ss argument depends?7.In Debbies magic act, a volunteer supposedly selects a card in a random fashion, looks at it withoutshowing it to her, and replaces it in the deck. After several shuffles, Debbie cuts the deck and supposedly reveals the same selected card, A skeptic conducted three trials. Inth

19、efirst,Debbie was videotaped, and no sleight of hand was found. In the second, the skeptictead supplied a standard deck of cards. For the third trial, the skeptic selected the card. Each time,Debbie apparently revealed the selectedcard. The skeptic concluded that Debbie uses neither sleight of hand,

20、 nor a trick deck, nor a planted “volunteer” to achieve her effect.Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the skeptics reasoning?(A)(B)The duties of the two newest employees are not lesscomplexthananyothers in the company. Itis becauseof thecomplexdutiesassignedthat the twone

21、westemployeesarebeingpaidmore thanis usuallypaid to newlyhiredemployees. The two newest employees are not experienced at their occupations.Barnes was not hired at a higher-than-average starting salary.The salaries of the two newest employees are no higher than the salaries that other companies pay f

22、or workers with a similar level of experience.(C)(D)(E)(A)The skeptic failed to consider the possibility that Debbie did not always use the same method to achieve her effect.Theskepticfailed toconsider the possibility thatsleight of handcouldalso bedetected by some means other than videotaping.The s

23、keptic failed to consider the possibility that Debbie requires both sleight of hand and a trick deck to achieve her effect.The skeptic failed to consider the possibility that Debbie used something other than sleight of hand, a trick deck, or a planted “volunteer” to achieve her effect.The skeptic fa

24、iled to consider the possibility that Debbies success in the three trials was something other than a coincidence.(B)(C)6.These days, drug companies and health professionals alikearefocusingtheirattention on cholesterolinthe blood.Themorecholesterolwehaveinourblood,the higher the risk that we shalldi

25、e of a heart attack.The issue is pertinent since heart disease kills more North Americansevery yearthananyothersingle cause.At least three factorssmoking, drinking, and exercise can each influencelevels of cholesterolin theblood.Which one of the following can be properly concluded from the passage?(

26、D)(E)(A)(B)(C)(D)If a person has low blood cholesterol, then that persons risk of fatal heart disease is low. Smoking in moderation can entail as great a risk of fatal heart disease as does heavy smoking. A high-cholesterol diet is the principal cause of death in North America.The only way that smok

27、ing increases ones risk of fatal heart disease is by influencing the levels of cholesterol in theblood.The risk of fatalheart diseasecanbe altered by certain changes in lifestyle.GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.(E)111-4-8.Nutritionist: Many people claim that simple carbohydrates are a reasonable caloric repl

28、acement for the fatty foods forbidden to those on law-fat diets. This is now in doubt. New studies show that, for many people, a high intake of simple carbohydrates stimulates an overproduction ofulin, a hormone that is involved in processing sugars andstarches to create energy when the bodyrequires

29、 energy, or,when energy isnot required, to store the resulting by-products as fat.Which one of the following is most stronglysupported by the nutritionists statements?10.The symptoms of hepatitis A appear no earlier than 60 days after a person has been infected. In a test of a hepatitis A vaccine, 5

30、0 people received the vaccine and 50 people received a harmless placebo. Although some peoplefrom each group eventually exhibited symptoms of hepatitis A, the vaccine as used in the test is completely effective in preventinginfection with the hepatitis Avirus.Which one of the following, if true, mos

31、t helps resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?(A)The placebo did not produce any side effects that resembled any of the symptoms of hepatitis A.More members of the group thathadreceived the placebo recognized their symptoms as symptoms of hepatitis A than did members of the group

32、 that had received the vaccine.The people who received the placebo were in better overall physical condition than were the people who received the vaccine.The vaccinated people who exhibited symptoms of hepatitis A were infected with the hepatitis A virus before being vaccinated. Of the people who d

33、eveloped symptoms of hepatitis A, those who received the vaccine recovered more quickly, on average, than those who did not.(A)People on low-fat diets should avoid consumption of simple carbohydrates if they wish to maintain the energy that their bodies require.(B)(B)People who produce enoughulin to

34、 processtheirintake of simplecarbohydrates should(C)not feel compelled to adoptlow-fat diets. People whoconsumesimplecarbohydrates should limit their intake of foods high in fat. People who wish to avoid gaining body fat(C)(D)(D)(E)(E)People who do not produce an excessive amountthey restrict only t

35、heir intake of these foods.Ournavigationalequipment sells for $1,100 anddominates the highend of the market, but more units are sold by our competitors in the$700 to $800 range. We should add a low-cost model, whichwould allow us to increase our overall sales while continuing to dominate the high en

36、d.9.Jean:GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.Tracy: I disagree. Our equipment sells to consumers who associate our company with quality. Moving into the low-cost market would put ourcompetitors in the high-cost market on an equal footing with us, which could hurt our overall sales.Jeans and Tracys statements mos

37、t strongly suggest that they disagree over which one of the following propositions?(A)There is a greater potential for profits in the low-cost market than there is in the high-cost market.The proposedcheaper model, if it were made available, would sell to customers who would otherwise be buying the

38、companyspresent model.The company could dominate the low-cost market in thesamewayithasdominated the high-cost market.The company would no longer dominate the high-cost market if it began selling a low-cost model.Decreased sales of the high-cost model would result in poor sales for the proposed low-

39、cost model.(B)(C)(D)(E)11-5- 1Questions 1112It is well known thatmany species adapt to their environment, butit is usually assumed that only the most highly evolved species alter their environment in ways that aid their own survival.However,thischaracteristic is actually quitecommon. Certapecies of

40、plankton, for example, generate a gas that is converted in the atmosphere into particles of sulfate. These particles cause water vapor to condense, thus forming clouds. Indeed, the formation of clouds over the ocean largely depends on the presence of theseparticles.Morecloudcover means more sunlight

41、 is reflected, and so the Earth absorbs less heat. Thusplanktoncause the surface of the Earth to be cooler and this benefits theplankton.13.The top priority of the school administration should be student attendance. No matter how good the teachers, texts, and facilities are, none of these does any g

42、ood if few students come to school.The pattern of reasoning in the argument above is LEAST similar to that in which one of the following?(A)The top priority of asalesperson shouldbenot to alienate customers. Honesty and a good knowledge of the product line are useful to a salesperson only if the cus

43、tomer feels at ease. The top priority of a person lost in the wilderness should be food-gathering.Knowing how to find ones way back or how to build a comfortable shelter does one no goodif onedoes nothaveenoughfood to survive.The top priority of a detective should be to gather physical evidence. Hig

44、h-tech crime lab equipment and the most sophisticated criminological analysis are of no use if crucial clues are not gathered.The top priority of a library should be to maintain its collection of books. A knowledgeable staff and beautiful facilities are of no value if there is an inadequate supply o

45、f books to lend.The top priority of a criminal defense lawyer should be to ensure that innocent clients are found not guilty. Suchclients can justlybe released from jail and resume their normal lives if they are found not guilty.(B)11.Of the following, which one most accurately expresses the main po

46、int of the argument?(C)(A)(B)The Earth would be far warmer than it is now if certa pecies of planktonbecameextinct. By altering their environment in ways that(D)whole.Improving their own chances of survival by altering the environment is not limited to the most highly evolved species.The extent of t

47、hecloud cover over theoceans is largely determined by the quantity of plankton in those oceans.Species such as plankton alter the environment in ways that are less detrimental to the well- being of otherspecies than are the alterations to the environment made by more highly evolved species.(C)(D)(E)

48、(E)12.Which one of the following accurately describes the argumentative strategy employed?GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.(A)A general principle is used to justify a claim made about a particular case to which that principle has been shown to apply.An explanation of how a controversial phenomenon could have

49、come about is given in order to support the claim that this phenomenon did in fact come about.A generalization about the conditions under which a certain process can occur is advanced on the basis of an examination of certain cases in which that process did occur.A counterexample to a position being

50、 challenged is presented in order to show that this position is incorrect.A detailed example is used to illustrate the advantage of one strategy over another.(B)(C)(D)(E)111-6-14.Prosecutor: Dr. Yuge has testified that, had the robbery occurred after 1:50 A.M., then, the moon having set at 1:45 A.M.

51、, it would have been too dark for Klein to recognize the perpetrator. But Yugeacknowledged that the moon was full enough to provide considerable light before it set. And we have conclusively shown that the robbery occurred between 1:15 and 1:30 A.M. So therewas enough light for Klein to make a relia

52、ble identification.The prosecutors reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism because it overlooks which one of the following possibilities?16.We can learn about the living conditions of a vanished culture by examining its language. Thus, it is likelythatthepeople whospoke Proto-Indo- European, the l

53、anguage from which all Indo- Europeanlanguagesdescended,lived inacold climate, isolated from ocean or sea, because Proto- Indo-European lacks a word for “sea,”yetconta words for “winter,”“snow,” and “wolf.”Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?(A)(B)A word meaning

54、“fish” was used by the people who spoke Proto-Indo-European.Some languages lack words for prominent elements of the environments of their speakers.There are no known languages today that lack a word for “sea.”Proto-Indo-European possesses words for“heat.”The people who spoke Proto-Indo-European were

55、 nomadic.(A)Klein may be mistaken about the time of the robberyand so itmayhave takenplaceafter the moon had set.The perpetrator may closely resemble someone who was not involved in the robbery.Klein may have been too upset to make a reliable identification even in good light. Without having been th

56、ere, Dr. Yuge has no way of knowing whether the light was sufficient.During the robbery the moons light may have been interfered with by conditions such as cloud cover.(C)(D)(E)(B)(C)(D)17.Columnist: It is impossible for there to be real evidence that lax radiation standards that were once in effect

57、 at nuclear reactors actually contributed tothe increase incancerrates near suchsites. The point is a familiar one: who can say if a particular case of cancer is due to radiation, exposure to environmental tox, smoking, poor diet, or genetic factors.The argumentsreasoning is most vulnerable to criti

58、cism on which one of the following grounds?(E)15.Ordinary mountaickness, a common conditionamong mountain climbers, and one from which most peoplecanrecover,is caused by thecharacteristic shortage of oxygen in the atmosphere at high altitudes. Cerebral edema, a rarer disruption of blood circulation in the brain that quickly becomes life- threatening