細(xì)胞分子生物學(xué) 第 1 章 生命源于細(xì)胞

1、1 生命源于細(xì)胞,1.1 細(xì)胞共性與多樣性 1.2 細(xì)胞內(nèi)分子 1.3 細(xì)胞的作用 1.4 基因的進(jìn)化,A single 200 micrometer (m) cell, the human egg, with sperm, which are also single cells. From the union of an egg and sperm will arise the 10 trillion cells of a human body. Photo Researchers, Inc.,1.1 細(xì)胞的共性和多樣性,不同生物的尺寸,Prokaryotic cells have a si

2、mpler internal organization than eukaryotic cells,1.2 細(xì)胞內(nèi)分子,Small Molecules Carry Energy (ATP), Transmit Signals (hormone), and Are Linked into Macromolecules (polysaccharides) Proteins Give Cells Structure and Perform Most Cellular Tasks Nucleic Acids Carry Coded Information for Making Proteins at

3、the Right Time and Place,Nucleic Acids Carry Coded Information for Making Proteins at the Right Time and Place,DNA consists of two complementary strands wound around each other to form a double helix.,1.3 細(xì)胞的作用,胞內(nèi)分子的生產(chǎn)和調(diào)節(jié) 細(xì)胞感應(yīng)和傳遞信息 細(xì)胞調(diào)節(jié)基因表達(dá) 細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)和分裂 細(xì)胞死亡,細(xì)胞感應(yīng)和傳遞信息,細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)和分裂,細(xì)胞死亡,破壞性損傷 細(xì)胞自然凋亡,1.4 基因的進(jìn)

4、化,人類(lèi)和其他動(dòng)物控制發(fā)育的很多基因是非常相似的 達(dá)爾文有關(guān)生物進(jìn)化的觀點(diǎn)都與基因有關(guān) 人類(lèi)許多藥物的研究得益于對(duì)其它生物的研究,類(lèi)似基因,Development of the large compound eyes in fruit flies requires a gene called eyeless Flies with inactivated eyeless genes lack eyes. Normal human eyes require the human gene, called Pax6, that corresponds to eyeless. People lacking adequate Pax6 function