細胞分子生物學 第 1 章 生命源于細胞

1、1 生命源于細胞,1.1 細胞共性與多樣性 1.2 細胞內(nèi)分子 1.3 細胞的作用 1.4 基因的進化,A single 200 micrometer (m) cell, the human egg, with sperm, which are also single cells. From the union of an egg and sperm will arise the 10 trillion cells of a human body. Photo Researchers, Inc.,1.1 細胞的共性和多樣性,不同生物的尺寸,Prokaryotic cells have a si

2、mpler internal organization than eukaryotic cells,1.2 細胞內(nèi)分子,Small Molecules Carry Energy (ATP), Transmit Signals (hormone), and Are Linked into Macromolecules (polysaccharides) Proteins Give Cells Structure and Perform Most Cellular Tasks Nucleic Acids Carry Coded Information for Making Proteins at

3、the Right Time and Place,Nucleic Acids Carry Coded Information for Making Proteins at the Right Time and Place,DNA consists of two complementary strands wound around each other to form a double helix.,1.3 細胞的作用,胞內(nèi)分子的生產(chǎn)和調(diào)節(jié) 細胞感應和傳遞信息 細胞調(diào)節(jié)基因表達 細胞的生長和分裂 細胞死亡,細胞感應和傳遞信息,細胞的生長和分裂,細胞死亡,破壞性損傷 細胞自然凋亡,1.4 基因的進

4、化,人類和其他動物控制發(fā)育的很多基因是非常相似的 達爾文有關生物進化的觀點都與基因有關 人類許多藥物的研究得益于對其它生物的研究,類似基因,Development of the large compound eyes in fruit flies requires a gene called eyeless Flies with inactivated eyeless genes lack eyes. Normal human eyes require the human gene, called Pax6, that corresponds to eyeless. People lacking adequate Pax6 function