wn英語虛擬語氣的用法詳解fb

虛擬語氣的用法薈萃一概念虛擬語氣是指和現(xiàn)實情況相反的假設，是對真實情況的主觀臆想或是一種主觀愿望。二虛擬語氣涉及的情況1用在由IF引導的非真實條件句中。條件句分為真實條件句和非真實條件句。A真實條件句即條件是可實現(xiàn)的客觀事實或者真實情況。如IFYOUHEATICE,ITMELTS融化IFIMAKEAPROMISE,IKEEPITIFWECATCHTHEEARLYBUS,WEWILLSHALL,CAN,MAY,GETTHEREBYLUNCHTIMEIFITISFINETOMORROW,WECANPLAYBASKETBALL客觀事實IFITRAINS,IGOTOSCHOOLONFOOTBIF引導的非真實條件句中，即虛擬條件句中。主要涉及到對三種情況的虛擬對過去的虛擬；對現(xiàn)在的虛擬；對將來的虛擬。謂語動詞的時態(tài)變化符合“倒退一步法”。對過去真實情況的虛擬，或者對過去事實完全相反的假設公式IFHADVED分詞（從句）,WOULD（COULD,MIGHT,SHOULD）HAVEVED分詞（主句）如IFWEHADSTARTEDEARLIER,WESHOULDNOTHAVEMISSEDTHETRAINIFSHEHADNTBEENILL,SHEMIGHTHAVECOMEIFTHEYHADHELPEDUS,WEWOULDHAVEFINISHEDTHETASK實際上沒幫IFIHADMADEGOODPREPATATION,IWOULDNTHAVELOSTTHEJOB對現(xiàn)在真實情況的虛擬，或者對現(xiàn)在真實情況相反的假設公式IFV過去式BE多用WERE,WOULD/SHOULD/COULD/MIGHT動詞原形IFIWEREABIRD,IWOULDFLYTOTHETOPOFMOUNTHUAIFIHADTIME,IWOULDGOTOTHEMOVIESWITHYOU實際上沒時間IFIHADENOUGHMONEY,IWOULDBUYTHATNEWTOYFORYOU對將來情況相反的假設公式IF。動詞過去式/SHOULD動詞原形/WERETO動詞原形,。WOULD/SHOULD/COULD/MIGHT動詞原形IFITSHOULD/WERETO/RAINTOMORROW,IWOULDSTAYATHOME下雨的可能性很小IFKOBESHOULDCOMETOOURVILLAGE,IWOULDTAKEPHOTOSWITHHIM注意虛擬語氣的倒裝語序上述1,2,3三種時態(tài)的虛擬句中,如果IF從句里含有SHOULD,HAD,WERE或其他助動詞,則可將從屬連詞IF省去,將助動詞情態(tài)動詞BE或HAVE放在句首形成部分倒裝IFIHADTIME,IWOULDHAVEDONETHATYESTERDAYHADIHADTIME,IWOULDHAVEDONETHATYESTERDAYIFIWEREYOU,IWOULDGOTOTHEPARTYWEREIYOU,IWOULDGOTOTHEPARTYIFITSHOULDRAINTOMORROW,IWOULDSTAYATHOMESHOULDITRAINTOMORROW,IWOULDSTAYATHOME2）錯綜時間IF虛擬條件句通常情況下,在非真實條件句中主句和從句的謂語動詞所指時間是一致的,但有時也可能指不同的時間,這時要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語動詞形式如IFIWEREYOU,IWOULDHAVETAKENHISADVICE從句指一般情況,主句指過去IFIHADTAKENMYRAINCOATWITHMETHISMORNING,IWOULDNOTBEWETNOW從句指過去,主句指現(xiàn)在IFIHADBOUGHTTHATTICKETLASTNIGHT,IWOULDGOTOTHETHEATER劇院WITHYOUTOMORROW3）THAT從句及其他特殊句型中的虛擬語氣A在SUGGEST,ORDER（命令）DEMAND（要求）,REQUEST（要求），REQUIRE（要求），PROPOSE（建議）,MOVE（提議），COMMAND,（指揮）,RECOMMEND（推薦）,DECIDE,INSIST（堅持）,DESIRE（渴望）,URGE（督促）等動詞后的賓語從句中要用“SHOULD動詞原形”來表示愿望,建議,命令,要求等注意由上述動詞派生或轉化的名詞形式，如SUGGESTION,PROPOSAL,PLAN,MOTION,RECOMMENDATION,DEMAND,ORDER,DESIRE,REQUEST,REQUIREMENT,INSISTENCE,ADVICE,DECISION,）等的同位語從句或表語從句中也要用相應的虛擬形式如賓語從句如下表HEORDERED（THAT）ALLTHEBOOKSSHOULDBESENTATONCEIPROPOSETHATHESHOULDBECHOSENASTHEMONITOR班長THETEACHERDEMANDEDTHATALLTHESTUDENTSSHOULDHANDINTHEIRNOTEBOOKSAFTERCLASSTHEDOCTORINSISTED/DECIDEDTHATHESHOULDNOTEATMEAT表語從句及同位語從句如下表HISORDERWASTHATALLTHEBOOKSSHOULDBESENTATONCE表語從句HEGAVETHEORDERTHATALLTHEBOOKSSHOULDBESENTATONCE同位語從句MYPROPOSEWASTHATHESHOULDBECHOSENASTHEMONITOR表語從句THETEACHERSDEMANDWASTHATALLTHESTUDENTSSHOULDHANDINTHEIRNOTEBOOKSAFTERCLASS（表語從句）THEDOCTORSDECISIONTHATHESHOULDNOTEATMEATWASREASONABLE合理的B在ITIS/WAS某些形容詞THAT從句的句型中,THAT從句中的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣,即“SHOULD動詞原形”。這些形容詞有IMPORTANT,NECESSARY（必要的）,ESSENTIAL（關鍵的，及其重要的）,IMPERATIVE（必需的）,NATURAL,STRANGE,ADVISABLE（可取的，明智的）,DESIRABLE（可取的）,POSSIBLE,PROBABLE（很可能的）,ASTONISHING（令人震驚的）,SURPRISING,DESIRED,SUGGESTED（被建議的）,REQUESTED,（被要求的）RECOMMENDED（被推薦的）,ORDERED,PROPOSED,DECIDED,OBLIGATORY（義不容辭的,必須的,MOVED（被提議的）等如ITISNECESSARY/ESSENTIAL/IMPERATIVE/IMPORTANTTHATHESHOULDBEGIVENTHECHANCEITSORDEREDTHATHESHOULDCOMEBACKWITHOUTDELAY他被命令不許回來遲了。ITSVERYESSENTIALTHATWESHOULDLEARNTOSPEAKENGLISHUNDERTHEBACKGROUNDOFECONOMICGLOBALIZATIONITSADVISABLETHATHESHOULDTAKEPARTINTHEPARTY注意SHOULD動詞原形或完成形式”可表示驚奇,遺憾,懷疑,不滿等。I用于EXPECT,BELIEVE,THINK,SUSPECT等動詞的否定或疑問形式后的賓語從句中如INEVEREXPECTEDTHATTHENEWAPARTMENTSHOULDBESOSMALLII用于“ITISAPITY,ITISASHAME,ITISNOWONDER等THAT”等結構后的主語從句中如ITISAPITYTHATHESHOULDBESOCARELESSIII在由FORFEARTHAT,INCASE,LEST（以防）等引導的狀語從句中,用“SHOULD動詞原形”表示“惟恐，防備，推測”的意思SHOULD可以省略。EGHEHANDLEDTHEINSTRUMENTWITHCAREFORFEARTHATITSHOULDBEDAMAGEDHEWALKEDOUTOFTHEROOMQUIETLYLESTHISMOTHERSHOULDNOTICEHIM4）用在WISH之后的賓語從句中。表示現(xiàn)在的愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時，BE換成WEREIWISHIWERENOTATTHEPARTY我希望現(xiàn)在自己沒在這個晚會上。表示過去的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時或COULDHAVEVEDIWISHIHADSTUDIEDHARDERLASTTERM我希望上學期我學習更努力就好了。表示將來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句謂語用WOULDVIWISHHEWOULDINVITEMETOTHEPARTYTHISWEEKEND5用在ITISABOUTHIGHTIMETHAT從句中（表示應該做，但還沒做）。THAT從句的謂語用一般過去時，THAT可省略。如ITSHIGHTIMEWEWENTTOBED6在WOULDRATHER,WOULDSOONER寧愿,WOULDJUSTASSOON寧愿的賓語從句中，從句謂語動詞有兩種情況表示現(xiàn)在或將來虛擬時，謂語一般都用一般過去時；如IWOULDRATHERYOUCAMENEXTWEEKINSTEADOFTODAY表示過去虛擬用過去完成時。如；IWOULDRATHERTHATIHADNTFINISHEDTHETASK7在“ASIF/ASTHOUGH”引導的狀語從句中,謂語動詞與WISH的賓語從句的虛擬形式相同如HEWORKSWITHSUCHENTHUSIASM（熱情）ASIFHENEVERKNEWFATIGUE（疲勞）HESPEAKSENGLISHASTHOUGHHEWEREANAMERICAN注意若ASIF從句表示的是真實情況，則不用虛擬語氣，照常用陳述語氣。如ITSEEMSASIFTHEYKNOWEACHOTHER真實情況ITSEEMSASTHOUGHITWEREALREADYSPRING虛擬語氣8）用在IFONLY（要是。就好了）引起的感嘆句中EGIFONLYTH