機械外文翻譯--數(shù)控仿真技術(shù).doc

Thenumericalcontrolsimulationtechnology1、computersimulationconceptandtheapplicationLookedfromtheprojectanglethat,thesimulationwasthroughstudiesonetothesystemmodelexperimenttohaveorinthedesignsystem.Analyzesthecomplexdynamicobject,thesimulationisoneeffectivemethod,mayreducetherisk,reducescyclewhichdesignsandmakes,andsavestheinvestment.Thecomputersimulationisdrawssupportfromthecomputer,theusesystemmodelconductstheexperimentalstudytotheactualsystemtheprocess.Butitdevelopsrapidlyalongwiththecomputertechnologydevelopment,holdsthemoreandmoreimportantstatusinthesimulation.ThecomputersimulationprocessmaytheessentialfactorthreebasicactivitieswhichthroughshowninFigure1describe:Themodellingactivityisthroughtotheactualsystemobservationortheexamination,andcannotexaminethevariableintheneglectsecondaryfactorinthefoundation,carriesonthedescriptionwithphysicalormathematicsmethod,thusobtainstheactualsystemthesimplificationapproximatemodel.Heremodelshouldhavethesimilaritywithbetweentheactualsystemfunctionandtheparameterandthecorrespondence.Thesimulationmodelis(simplificationmodel)carriesoncertainalgorithmprocessingtothesystemmathematicalmodel,aftercausesittobecometheappropriateform(forexamplebecomesnumericalintegrationiterativecomputationmodel),becomescanbythecomputeraccept“maycalculatethemodel”.Thesimulationmodelsaystotheactualsystemisamodelwhichtwotimessimplifies.Thesimulationexperimentisrefersthesystemsimulationmodeltheprocesswhichmovesonthecomputer.Thesimulationisstudiestheactualsystemthroughtheexperimentonekindoftechnology,mayclarifythesystemintrinsicstructurevariableandtheenvironmentalconditioninfluencethroughthesimulationtechnology.Thecomputersimulationtechnologytrendofdevelopmentmainlydisplaysintwoaspects:Applicationdomainexpansionandsimulationcomputerintellectualization.Notonlythecomputersimulationtechnologyinthetraditionalprojectareaoftechnology(aspectsandsoonaviation,astronautics,chemicalindustry)continuestodevelop,moreoverexpandstothesocialeconomy,thebiologyandsoonmanynon-projectdomains,inaddition,technicalandsoonparallelprocessing,artificialintelligence,knowledgelibraryandexpertsystemdevelopmentareaffectingthesimulationcomputerdevelopment.Thenumericalcontrolprocessingsimulationsimulatestheactualprocessingprocessusingthecomputer,isconfirmsthenumericalcontrolprocessingprocedurethereliabilityandtheforecastcuttingprocesspowerfultool,reducestheworkpiecetotrytocut,enhancestheproductionefficiency.2、numericalcontrolsimulationtechnologyresearchpresentsituationNumericalcontrolenginebedprocessingcomponentsaredependonthenumericalcontrolinstructionprocedurecontroltocomplete.Inordertoguaranteethenumericalcontrolproceduretheaccuracy,preventedintheprocessingprocesstheinterferenceandthecollisionoccurrence,intheactualproduction,oftenusesthemethodwhichtriestocuttocarryontheexamination.Butthismethodrequiresalotofworkusesalotofmaterial,thepriceisexpensive,causestheproductioncostrise,increasedtheproductprocessperiodandtheproductioncycle.Afterwardsusedthetrackdisplaylaw,namelydelimitedtheneedleorthepenreplacesthecuttingtool,replacedtheworkpiecebythecolorplateorthepapertocomethesimulationcuttingtoolpaththetwo-dimensionalgraph(alsotobepossibletodemonstratetwo-dimensionalhalfprocessingpath),hadthequitebiglimitation.Regardingworkpiecethreedimensionalandmulti-dimensionalprocessing,alsousefuleasytocutthematerialreplacestheworkpiece(forexample,paraffinwax,lumber,modifiedresinandplasticandsoon)examinetheprocessingthecuttingpath.But,triestotakethenumericalcontrolenginebedvitallyandtoprocessthescene.Therefore,thepeoplecangraduallyreplacethecomputersimulationmethodcontinuouslyintheresearchwhichtriestocut,andwastryingtocutaspectsandsoonenvironmentsimulation,simulationcomputationandgraphicaldisplayhasmadetheimportantprogress,atpresenttoisenhancingthemodeltheprecision,thesimulationcalculatesthesolidcurrenteventsandimprovementgraphicaldisplaydirectionsandsoonthirddimensiondevelops.Fromtriestocuttheenvironmentthemodelcharacteristictolookthat,atpresenttheNCcuttingprocesssimulationisdividedthegeometrysimulationandthemechanicssimulationtwoaspects.Thegeometrysimulationdidnotconsiderthecuttingparameter,thecuttingforceandotherphysicalfactorinfluence,onlythesimulationcuttingtoolworkpiecegeometricsolidmovement,confirmstheNCproceduretheaccuracy.Itmayreduceortheeliminationtheenginebeddamage,thejigwhichcausesbecauseoftheprogramerrordestroysorthecuttingtoolbreaksoff,questionsandsooncomponentsabandonment；Simultaneouslymayreducefromtheproductdesignstothemanufacturetime,reducestheproductioncost.Thecuttingprocessmechanicssimulationbelongstothephysicalsimulationcategory,itthroughthesimulationcuttingprocessdynamicmechanicscharacteristicforecastthecuttingtoolbreakage,thecuttingtoolvibrate,thecontrolcuttingparameter,thusachievestheoptimizedcuttingprocessthegoal.Thegeometrysimulationtechnologydevelopmentis,includingthequalitativegraphicaldisplayandthequotainterferencewhichdevelopsalongwiththegeometrymodelingtechnologydevelopmentconfirmstwoaspects.Atpresentthecommonlyusedmethodhasthedirectentitymodeltheory,asksbasedontheimagespacemethodandtheseparatevectortohandoverthelaw.3、directentitymodeltheoryThismethodisreferstotheenvelopingbodywhichtheworkpiecebodyandthecuttingtoolmovementformstocarryontheentityBooleandifferenceoperation,theworkpiecebodythree-dimensionalmodelalongwiththecuttingprocessisrenewedunceasingly.SungurtekinandVelckerhavedevelopedamillingmachineanalogoussystem.ThissystemusestheCSGlawtorecordthesemifinishedmaterialsthethree-dimensionalmodel,usessomebasemapYuanlikecuboid,thecircularcylinder,theconeandsoon,withthesetoperation,speciallyandoperates,scansthesemifinishedmaterialsandaseriesofcuttingtoolstheregiontorecord,thentheapplicationdifferenceofsetsoperationfromthesemifinishedmaterialstheorderexcepthasscannedtheregion.So-calledtheregionwhichhasswepttheregionisrefersthecuttingtoolalongsomepathmovementwhenpassesthrough.AfterscannedeachsectionofNCcodetodemonstratechangedsemifinishedmaterialsshape.Kawashimaandsoonthejointtreelawandcutsthesemifinishedmaterialstheregiontosetupwiththejoint(graftree)toindicatethat,namelyexceptspatialandthefulltwokindofpoints,theboundarypointalsotookeightforkssetup(octtree)theleafpoint.Theboundarypointcontainsthehalfspace,thepointobjectuseexpressedonthesehalfspaceCSGoperation.Thejointtreesubdivideslevelhalfspaceintegerdecisionwhichpermitsbytheboundarypoint.Thegraduallycuttingsimulationandcutstheregionusingthesemifinishedmaterialsthedifferenceoperationtorealize.Thesemifinishedmaterialsdemonstrationhasusedthedepthbufferalgorithm,thesemifinishedmaterialsdivisionisthepolygonrealizationsemifinishedmaterialsvisualization.Withsemifinishedmaterialsreal-timevisualizationwhichrenewscontinuouslybasedontheentitymodellingmethodrealization,consumeswhentooislong,thereforesomeareraisedbasedontheobservationmethod.數(shù)控仿真技術(shù)1計算機仿真的概念及應(yīng)用從工程的角度來看，仿真就是通過對系統(tǒng)模型的實驗去研究一個已有的或設(shè)計中的系統(tǒng)。分析復(fù)雜的動態(tài)對象，仿真是一種有效的方法，可以減少風(fēng)險，縮短設(shè)計和制造的周期，并節(jié)約投資。計算機仿真就是借助計算機，利用系統(tǒng)模型對實際系統(tǒng)進行實驗研究的過程。它隨著計算機技術(shù)的發(fā)展而迅速地發(fā)展，在仿真中占有越來越重要的地位。計算機仿真的過程可通過圖1所示的要素間的三個基本活動來描述：建模活動是通過對實際系統(tǒng)的觀測或檢測，在忽略次要因素及不可檢測變量的基礎(chǔ)上，用物理或數(shù)學(xué)的方法進行描述，從而獲得實際系統(tǒng)的簡化近似模型。這里的模型同實際系統(tǒng)的功能與參數(shù)之間應(yīng)具有相似性和對應(yīng)性。仿真模型是對系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型（簡化模型）進行一定的算法處理，使其成為合適的形式（如將數(shù)值積分變?yōu)榈\算模型）之后，成為能被計算機接受的“可計算模型”。仿真模型對實際系統(tǒng)來講是一個二次簡化的模型。仿真實驗是指將系統(tǒng)的仿真模型在計算機上運行的過程。仿真是通過實驗來研究實際系統(tǒng)的一種技術(shù)，通過仿真技術(shù)可以弄清系統(tǒng)內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)變量和環(huán)境條件的影響。計算機仿真技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢主要表現(xiàn)在兩個方面：應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的擴大和仿真計算機的智能化。計算機仿真技術(shù)不僅在傳統(tǒng)的工程技術(shù)領(lǐng)域（航空、航天、化工等方面）繼續(xù)發(fā)展，而且擴大到社會經(jīng)濟、生物等許多非工程領(lǐng)域，此外，并行處理、人工智能、知識庫和專家系統(tǒng)等技術(shù)的發(fā)展正影響著仿真計算機的發(fā)展。數(shù)控加工仿真利用計算機來模擬實際的加工過程，是驗證數(shù)控加工程序的可靠性和預(yù)測切削過程的有力工具，以減少工件的試切，提高生產(chǎn)效率。2數(shù)控仿真技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀數(shù)控機床加工零件是靠數(shù)控指令程序控制完成的。為確保數(shù)控程序的正確性，防止加工過程中干涉和碰撞的發(fā)生，在實際生產(chǎn)中，常采用試切的方法進行檢驗。但這種方法費工費料，代價昂貴，使生產(chǎn)成本上升，增加了產(chǎn)品加工時間和生產(chǎn)周期。后來又采用軌跡顯示法，即以劃針或筆代替刀具，以著色板或紙代替工件來仿真刀具運動軌跡的二維圖形（也可以顯示二維半的加工軌跡），有相當(dāng)大的局限性。對于工件的三維和多維加工，也有用易切削的材料代替工件（如，石蠟、木料、改性樹脂和塑料等）來檢驗加工的切削軌跡。但是，試切要占用數(shù)控機床和加工現(xiàn)場。為此，人們一直在研究能逐步代替