被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(2) The passive voice

Thepassivevoice,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài),主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),表示句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。,結(jié)構(gòu):,主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(pp),定義：,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：,表示句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：,/,有人稱，數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣,EnglishisspokeninCanada.,不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：,時(shí)態(tài),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí),一般將來(lái)時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,am/is/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞（pp）,was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞（pp）,shall/will+be+pp,is/am/are+goingtobe+pp,is/am/are+being+pp,was/were+being+pp,should/would+be+pp,was/were+goingtobe+pp,have/has+been+pp,hadbeen+pp,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+pp,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法:,2.只需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。,1.當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，,或者沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)。,Mybikewasstolenyesterday.,Thousandsofbeachesarepolluted(污染).,Romewasnotbuiltinaday.,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟:,3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)，,主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，,如果賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，要把賓格變成主格。,2.主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。（不能改變時(shí)態(tài)),放在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后或句尾。,如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，應(yīng)把主格形式變成賓格形式。,Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.,in1876.,Thetelephone,wasinvented,byBell,注意：,1）含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，,如：,give,show,pass,teach,bring,take,send,tell,lend,等可帶雙賓語(yǔ)，,一個(gè)叫直接賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)叫間接賓語(yǔ)。,a)將代表人的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)不變。,MrYanggavemeabook.,Iwasgivenabook(byMrYang).,b)將代表物的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，,要在間接賓語(yǔ)前,加介詞to.,Abookwasgiventome(byMrYang）.,2)少數(shù)動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中后接省略to的不定式，,但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中被省略的不定式符號(hào)必須還原，,如：,make,see,hear,let,watch,notice等.,Thebossmadetheworkerswork14hoursaday.,Theworkersweremadetowork14hoursaday(bytheboss）.,3）相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，,不可丟掉詞組末尾的介詞或副詞。,Theytookgoodcareofthechildren.,Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof.,沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的詞：,1）不及物動(dòng)詞是沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的，,常見(jiàn)的詞有：,happen（發(fā)生）,takeplace(發(fā)生），,rise(上升，上漲）,grow（生長(zhǎng)）等.,注：grow當(dāng)“種植”講時(shí)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).,2）一部分表狀語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,eg:have,fit(適合),cost,weigh(重)等,3）一般系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,如:look,sound,smell,taste,feel,turn,get等。,practice,1)Thestudents_often_(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.2)Theroom_(clean)bymeeveryday.3)Someflowers_(water)byLiMingalready.4)Thefood_(smell)delicious.5)Thelab_(build)aboutfiveyearsago.6)Alotoftallbuildings_(setup)inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.7)Itsdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstherivertogettoschool.Wethinkabridge_(shoul