2020年中考英語語法語法高頻考點(diǎn)提升訓(xùn)練專題7動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)

專題7 動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)考點(diǎn)一、動詞時態(tài)的分類及其應(yīng)用時態(tài)（表現(xiàn)在實(shí)義動詞的形式變化上時態(tài)名稱及物動詞必須跟賓語不及物動詞不直跟賓語謂動的表現(xiàn)形式一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時do/第三人稱單數(shù)形式doesdid（謂語動詞用過去式）（am/ is/ are）be+doingwas/were+doingwill+do（動詞原形）would+do（動詞原形）have/(第三人稱用has)+donehad+done(過去分詞)需要（有實(shí)在意義）有明顯的時間標(biāo)志用法表示平時經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性動作某次過去做某事現(xiàn)在正在做某事過去正在做某事現(xiàn)在將要做某事過去將要做某事到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)做某事到過去已經(jīng)做某事1、一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1) 表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 表示普遍真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。如：The earth moves around the sun.2、一般過去時的用法1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：Where did you go just now?2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1) 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情。如：We are waiting for you.2)表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行。如：Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)3)短暫性動詞的進(jìn)行時一定表示將來的含義。如：We are arriving at London.4、過去進(jìn)行時1)過去進(jìn)行時主要表示過去某個時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作，常和表示過去的狀語連用。如：What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九點(diǎn)的時候，你在做什么?2)過去進(jìn)行時也可以表示過去某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作。如：From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale .從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書。5、一般將來時1)表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)?；蛑貜?fù)發(fā)生的動作。2)will do表示主觀意愿做某事。如：I will see a movie this morning.表示客觀的不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀將來。如：Fish will die without water.3) be going to +do表示計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。如：The play is going to be produced next month。6、過去將來時立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。如：Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。7、現(xiàn)在完成時1)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如：I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作業(yè)了。(過去某時開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成。)2)表示：過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去。如：I have studied English for six years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。8、過去完成時1)以過去某個時間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。 如：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.考點(diǎn)二、時態(tài)的判斷時態(tài)判斷時態(tài)類型時間狀語一般現(xiàn)在時often,never every day等一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時ago, yesterday, last week, in 1989 now, these daysat this/ that time yesterdaytomorrow, next yearthe next day/ year/ weekso far,in the past years,since標(biāo)志頻率/真理/時間條件狀yesterday, just now,when+從句look, listen與頻度副詞連用when+過去進(jìn)行時in+時間段常用于賓語從句中already,yet,ever,never,before,for過去完成時by yesterday/then/the end ofbefore/ by+過去進(jìn)行時考點(diǎn)三、被動語態(tài)的分類及構(gòu)成定義:英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者它有各種時態(tài)。構(gòu)成:助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞（助動詞有人稱，時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化）。被動語態(tài)的用法： 1.不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。如：This kind of car is made in Shanghai.2.沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者。如：Riceis grown in southern China.3.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。如：The man is caught by the police.4.動作的發(fā)出者不是人。如：The tree was blown down by the strong wind.被動語態(tài)（表現(xiàn)在謂語動詞的形式變化上及物動詞有被動語態(tài)不及物動詞不直跟賓語謂動的表現(xiàn)形式一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時am / is / are + done（過去分詞）was / were + doneam/ is/ are + being + donewas/ were + being + donewill + be donewould + be donehave/ has + been + donehad + been + done需要（表示被動）用于強(qiáng)調(diào)用法表示平時經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性動作某事過去被做某事現(xiàn)在正在被做某事過去正在被做某事將要被做某事過去將要某事某事到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被做某事到過去已經(jīng)被做時態(tài)名稱含有情態(tài)動詞某事可能、必須被做情態(tài)動詞+ be+ done主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的一般變化，通常分三步：1把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be+ 過去分詞形式，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，放在謂語動詞之后，by短語可以省略。例：My sisterinvited me to her dinner party.I was invited (by my sister) to her dinner party.注意：1.固定短語在構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)形式時，后面的介詞或副詞要保留。You should take good care of your sister.Your sister should be taken good care of.2.主動語態(tài)中感官動詞(see, hear, feel, watch, notice等) 以及使役動詞（make, let等）后跟省略to的不定式，在被動語態(tài)中必須還原to。如：I often see him play basketball.He is often seen to play basketball (by me).3.帶有雙賓語的動詞變成被動語態(tài)時，若將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，則應(yīng)在間接賓語前加to或for。如：He showed me a nice photo.I was shown a nice photo.或 A nice photo was shown to me. 4.帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+ 賓補(bǔ))的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如：We always keep our schoolcleanand tidy.Our schoolis always kept cleanand tidy. 如：5.以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用by whom放在句首。如：Who wrote the story?By whom was the storywritten?或Who was the storywritten by?6.不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。如：When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.7.賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，Ving形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z。如：I taught myself math. We helpeach other.一、選擇填空1. A mother who _ her son will do everything for his happiness.A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved2. Look at John! What _ ?A. does he B. he is doing C. is he doing D. does he do3. He _ home for nearly three weeks.A. has gone away from B. has left C. has been away from D. went away from4. Since you dont want to go, I _ alone.A. will go B. go C. went D. have gone5.They wanted to know when they _ have an examination.A. had gone to B. were going to C. would be going D. had been going6. He _ out when somebody called at his office.A. has just gone B. had just gone C. just went D. just now went7._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is，built B. Was , built C. Does ; build D . Did ; build8.Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A. is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow9.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visitedB. will be visitedC. has been visitedD. was visited10.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives11.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doingB. are being doneC. has been done D. will be done12.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after13.Our teacher _ carefully.A. should be listened toB. should be listenC. be listened D. is listened14.It was reported that the murderer _ arrested.A. has been B. had been C. has D. had15.Great changes _ in China since the Peoples Republic of China _ in 1949.A. have taken place; was founded B. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; foundedD. took place; founded二、用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.No country_ (make) such great progress as China in the thirty years.2.The little girl will give the flower to the hero when he _ (appear).3.He said that he _ (come) back in five minutes.4.My brother likes English very much, and he _ (practice) reading every morning.5.The old car _ (produce) in Germany in 1960S.6.The door of the classroom must _ (lock) more beautiful.7.He said he_ (go) to visit the writer.8.Mr.Brown said he would call us as soon as he_ (arrive) in Beijing the next day. 9.He met many problems while he _ (go) over his lessons.10.I didnt know that you _ (be) in the room.11.I hope that everything _ (be) ready tomorrow.12.Mr,Wang _ (work) in the factory since it opened in 1995. 13.the children _ (watch) TV when the mother came in. 14.Of all the rubbish about 35 percent can (recycle).15.I dont aliens can (find) in space.三、詞語運(yùn)用閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。get use say believe get make taught see watch give Can animals 1_ to work for us ? Some scientists think that one day animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs. They 2_ that in a film or on TV we may 3_ elephants , monkeys ,dogs ,bears ,or other animals doing a lot of things .If you 4_ carefully , you may find that those animals are 5_ something to eat in return for doing them . The scientists say that many different animals may 6_ to do a number of simple jobs if they 7_ something to eat . Of course, as we know , dogs can be used to guard a house ,and elephants can be used to do some heavy job. And we can also teach animals to work in factories. Apes ,for example 8_ in America to help make cars and scientists 9_ that these monkeys may one day 10_ in crops and even drive trains . 四、完形填空It was a sunny Sunday afternoon. Johns parents were not in. John _1_ to go to the Happy Theater to watch a talent show, so he _2_ home. Only Barky, Johns pet dog stayed at home. Just after John left, a bad man _3_ the window, and then he _4_ into the house through it. He _5_ for expensive things in the rooms. He found some money in the box. He _6_ the money, but as he _7_, he heard a dogs barking(叫聲). He looked around and found Barky looking at him angrily. He was very scared. Barky _8_ him when John came home. John let Barky sit down and told the bad man loudly, “ Come with me to the police station, or Barky will bite you!” So the bad man had to _9_ John with Barky close behind. A policeman cuffed(銬) the bad man after John _10_ him the thing. Barky had a ta