新視野大學英語讀寫教程第三版電子教案

Unit 1Fresh StartUnderstanding and LearningOverview The first unit of the first book of our series meets students who have just entered college or university and are beginning a new phase in their lives. We hope that students will be able to talk about their expectations of their college experience, and they will be aware of the expectations their parents and their educators have of them. Text A is a university presidents welcome speech, in which the president gives valuable guidance to and expresses expectations of freshman students. Text B is a letter written by a father to his child who is about to start college, in which the father expresses his expectations of the child. We hope that the two texts will stimulate students to share their own expectations regarding their college experience; and we also hope the two texts will help students look from a new perspective at the expectations their educators and their parents have of themText A shows characteristics of a speech. Pronouns I, we and you are more frequently used than in other kinds of writing because the speaker is addressing the audience directly, hoping to motivate the audience and to gain their support and understanding. In a speech, the speaker can employ a variety of figures of speech to make his speech vivid and powerful, such as simile, metaphor, contrast, parallelism(排比), and repetition. A very common figure of speech is parallelism. In parallelism, coordinate ideas are arranged in words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs to emphasize and point out relations. In Text A, for example, the president uses many sentences of parallel structure. This makes his speech powerful, persuasive, and thought-provoking. It can even produce humorous effect as in the example: “You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally with doing your laundry!”The most obvious feature of Text B is that it contains many imperative sentences, and these sentences tend to be brief. An imperative sentence advises, instructs, requests, or commands. It begins with a verb; the implied subject is you. In Text B, a father makes use of imperative sentences to give advice and instructions to his child who has just left home for college. For example: “Dont be bound by what other people think.” “Pick friends who are genuine and sincere.” “Become the great thinker you were born to be.” In class the teacher can make the students compare the writing styles of Text A and Text B. Class activities may include pair work, group discussions, and mini-surveys about students high school experience, their families and friends, and their expectations of college life. Section A Toward a brighter future for allBackground information1. American higher education In the United States, students can choose to go to college after high school. (They can also choose to go straight to the workforce after high school.) They have the option of attending a two-year community college before applying to a four-year university. Admission to community college is easier, tuition is lower, and class sizes are often smaller than at a university. Community college students can earn an associate agree and transfer up to two years of course credits to a university.College and university students need to pay tuition, but many earn scholarships or receive loans. Although admissions policies vary from one university to another, most determine admission based on several criteria, including a students high school course of study, high school Grade Point Average (GPA), participation in extracurricular activities, SAT(Scholastic Assessment Test) or ACT (American College Testing) exam scores, a written essay, and possibly a personal interview with a representative from the admissions office.Most students in the United States take the SAT Reasoning Test or the ACT during their final year of high school. Each university sets a minimum SAT or ACT score that a student must achieve in order to gain admission. These are standardized quantitative examinations. The SAT tests critical reading, mathematics, and writing skills, The ACT tests English, mathematics, reading, science reasoning, and includes an optional writing test.Extracurricular activities may include scholastic clubs, athletic teams, student government, and philanthropic clubs. Voluntary participation in these kinds of activities is an indication that a student has learned valuable life lessons, such as teamwork, leadership, or civic responsibility.University students pursuing a bachelors degree are called “undergraduates”; students pursuing a masters or doctoral degree are called “graduate students”. Most universities give under graduate students a liberal education, which means students are required to take courses across several disciplines before they specialize in a major field of study. Graduate and professional programs, such as medicine or law, are specialized. All degree programs require students to complete a minimum number of credit hours before graduating.Selection for admission to a graduate program is based on several criteria. These include completion of a bachelors degree, the students undergraduate coursework and GPA. Students are also expected to write an essay as part of their application or to submit a writing sample. Most masters programs require students to have a minimum score on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), which tests verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills.Students continue to take course at the graduate level. A final thesis is required for most masters programs. Doctoral students take course until they have earned enough credit hours to attempt their qualifying examinations. These are usually taken over several days and often include a written and oral component. After doctoral students pass their qualifying exams, they are advanced to candidacy and can begin writing their dissertation. Before the degree is given, the completed dissertation must be orally defended before the candidates faculty committee.2. Vera WangVera Wang is a Chinese-American fashion designer. She was born and raised in New York City. While trained as a figure skater in high school, she eventually earned a degree in art history from Sarah Lawrence College in 1971. But a career in fashion was her dream. She worked as a senior fashion editor for Vogue magazine for 15 years. In 1985, she left vogue and joined Ralph Lauren as a design director for two years. In 1990, she opened her own design salon in New York, and featured her trademark bridal gowns. Wang has made wedding gowns for many celebrities and public figures, such as Jennifer Lopez (詹尼佛洛佩茲), Sharon Stone (莎朗斯通) and Chelsea Clinton (切爾西克林頓). Detailed study of the text1. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. (Para. 1)Meaning: Your entering this university is an important success. This success is due to many years of your hard work, and many years of your parents and teachers hard work.triumph: n. C an important victory or success after a difficult struggle (尤指苦戰(zhàn)后獲得的)勝利，成功，成就Winning the championship was a great personal triumph for this young tennis player.贏得冠軍對這個年輕的網(wǎng)球運動員來說是很大的個人成就。2. Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible. (Para. 1)Meaning: Here at the university, we promise to make your educational experience as worthwhile as possible. pledge: vt. make a formal, usu. public, promise that you will do sth. 發(fā)誓；作保證The new president pledged to cut taxes and increase employment.新總統(tǒng)承諾要消減稅收、就業(yè)。n. C a series promise or agreement, esp. one made publicly or officially(尤指公開或正式作出的)誓言，誓約；保證All the candidates have given pledges not to raise taxes if they are elected. 所有的候選人都保證如果他們當選，他們不會提高稅收。rewarding: a. giving you satisfaction, pleasure, or profit 值得的；有意義的；有回報的Our journey to the orphanage was a very rewarding experience. 我們的孤兒院之行非常有意義。Word formation形容詞后綴-ing1. -ing加在某些及物動詞后，構(gòu)成形容詞，主要用于表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，或某物或某事給人的感覺、情感、印象等。這類詞包括welcoming, charming, discouraging, disgusting, frightening, alarming, surprising等。 例如：a welcoming smile 熱情的微笑a charming house on the outskirts of the town 在城鎮(zhèn)郊外的一棟漂亮的房子an alarming increase in housing prices 房價的驚人增長A surprising number of men stay bachelors. 有相當多的男子仍然是單身。2. ing 加在不及物動詞之后，構(gòu)成形容詞，表示某事或某人仍然處于某種狀態(tài)。例如：A recurring problem 反復出現(xiàn)的問題his aging mother 他那日漸蒼老的母親He wore his hair in the prevailing fashion. 他的頭發(fā)理的是當時流行的發(fā)型。3. In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. (Para. 2)Meaning: When I am welcoming you to this university, something I remember is my own high school graduation and the photo my mom took of my dad and me.remind sb. of sb./sth. 1) make sb. remember sb. that they know or sth. that happened in the past. 使某人想起某人或某事The song always reminds me of our holiday in Mexico. 那首歌總讓我想起我們在墨西哥的那次假期。2) be very similar to sb. or sth. else 使某人想起（相似的）人或事Nancy was tall and slim, and reminded me of my cousin Sarah. 南希身材高挑，讓我想起了我的表妹薩拉。4. “Pose naturally,” Mom instructed us. (Para.2)pose: vi. sit or stand somewhere so that sb. can take a photograph of you or paint a picture of you(為照相或畫像而)擺姿勢The leaders posed briefly for photographs before entering the conference room.領(lǐng)導們進入會議室之前匆匆地擺個姿勢拍照。vt. create a difficult or dangerous situation造成，導致（困難或危險）We are very glad to hear that the incident in the chemical plant poses no threat to the environment.我們很高興地得知化工廠的事故沒有對環(huán)境造成危害。5. You will miss your old routines and your parents reminders to work hard and attain your best. (Para.3)Meaning: You will miss your usual life patterns and your parents reminding words that you should work hard and achieve the best you can.routine: n. C,Uyour usual way of doing things, esp. when you do them in a fixed order at the same time 例行公事；常規(guī)；慣例Arriving at the office at 8 a.m. and staying there until 5 p.m. has become my routine.早上8點到辦公室，一直呆到下午5點，這已經(jīng)成了我的慣例a. happening as a normal part of a job or process 常規(guī)的；例行的；慣常的The problem was discovered during a routine check. 這個問題是在一次例行檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的。reminder: n.C sth. that makes you notice, remember, or think about sth.起提醒作用的東西The cold served as a reminder that winter wasnt quite finished.寒冷的天氣提醒人們冬天還沒有過去。attain: vt. (fml.) succeed in achieving sth. after trying for a long time 得到；獲得；贏得Not all athletes attain this standard of physical fitness. 并非所有的運動員都能達到這種身體素質(zhì)水平。6. You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! (Para.3)Meaning: Perhaps you were so happy that you cried because at last you finished high school, and perhaps your parents were so happy that they cried because eventually they wouldnt have to do your laundry any more. Note: Pay attention to the humor the president creates by contrasting the different responses from children and their parentsthey all cried, but for different reasons!may have done sth.: used for talking about past possibilities She might have changed her mind and decided not to come. 她可能已經(jīng)改變了主意，決定不來了。finished: a.1) (not before noun) no longer doing, dealing with, or using sth.結(jié)束了的When you are finished with the book, give it back to me. 你看完這本書后就還給我。2) (only before noun) fully and properly made or completed 完成了的Joanna promised to send me the finished painting as soon as possible.喬安娜向我保證會盡快把完成的畫作寄給我。3)(not before noun) no longer successful, effective, or able to continue 沒有希望的；完蛋了的If Mom finds out that we lied to her, we are finished. 如果媽媽發(fā)現(xiàn)我們對他撒謊了，我們就完了。Collocation1. do 是最常見的表示“做”的動詞， 說明某人進行某項行動、活動、或任務(wù)，常和事情或工作搭配。例如：Today I have a lot of work to do.我今天有好多工作要做。2. do 也常常和表示鍛煉或勞動等方面的名詞或動名詞連用。例如：Do physical exercise/ the dishes / ones cooking進行鍛煉/洗碗/做飯7. But know this: The future is built on a strong foundation of the past. (Para.3)Meaning: But you should know that your future success can only be attained when it is built on a solid past. foundation: n. C the most basic part of sth. from which the rest of it develops基礎(chǔ)The course gives students a solid foundation in English writing skills. 這門課為學生的英語寫作能力打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。8. For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other. (Para.4)Meaning: For you, the next four years in university will be different from any other period of time in your life.9. Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students from all over the country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and student organizations covering every possible interestfrom the arts to science, to community service and so on. (Para.4)Meaning beyond words: Here the president is introducing to students the many resources available on campus: interesting schoolmates, knowledgeable and helpful teachers, a big library, great sports equipment, various student organizations, etc. all these will help make students campus life colorful and fulfilling. resource: n. 1) C sth. you can use to help you to achieve sth., esp. in your work or study 資源Museums are important resources for teaching history. 博物館為歷史教學提供重要資源來源。2) C, usu. pl. things such as coal, trees, and oil that exist in nature and can be used by people 自然資源Many of these countries are rich in natural resources such as iron and coal. 這些國家中有許多國家都擁有豐富的諸如鐵和煤炭這樣的自然資源。learned: a. (fml.) learned people have a lot of knowledge because they have read and studied a lot 有學問的，博學的My advisor is a very learned person and she could answer any question I asked. 我的導師是一位非常博學的人，她能夠回答我提出的任何問題。caring: a. thinking about what other people need or want and trying to help them 關(guān)心他人的；樂于助人的The school aims to provide a caring environment for students. 學校旨在為學生提供一個充滿關(guān)會的環(huán)境。faculty: n. 1）U(AmE) all the teachers in a university, college, or school 全體教員Both the faculty and students opposed the proposal to turn one of the playgrounds into a parking lot. 老師和學生都反對把其中一個運動場改為停車場的提議。2）C, usu.pl. a natural physical or mental ability that most people have 天賦，能力，本領(lǐng)She had her mental faculties even in her 90s.她九十多歲了，但仍然思維清晰。comprehensive: a. including many details or aspects of sth. 綜合的；多方面的This booklet offers a comprehensive guide to out goods and services. 這本小冊子對我們的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)提供了綜合指南。facility: n.(-ies)pl. rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose（為某種目的而提供的）設(shè)施，設(shè)備The hotel has an indoor swimming pool and other leisure facilities. 這家賓館有室內(nèi)游泳池和其它休閑設(shè)施。community: n.C1) the people who live in the same area, town, etc.（同住一地的人所構(gòu)成的）社區(qū)The new arts center will serve the whole community.這個新的藝術(shù)中心將為整個社區(qū)服務(wù)。2) a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race, etc. 群體；團體The conference will make further efforts to gain the support of different ethnic communities. 會議將進一步努力，以取得不同少數(shù)名族團體的支持。10. You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subjects. (Para.4)explore: vt. examine or discuss a subject, idea, etc. thoroughly 探討，研究（主題、思想等）We are exploring the possibility of taking legal action against the company. 我們正在探討對這家公司采取法律行動的可能性。v. travel around an area in order to learn about it or to search for sth. valuable such as oil 勘探；探測；考察A group of experts have set out to explore for minerals in this area. 一組專家已經(jīng)出發(fā)前往該地區(qū)勘探礦物。 11. You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet fascinating people, and pursue new passions.(Para.4)Meaning: You will learn to manage with very little sleep, meet very interesting people, and find new interests.get by: have just enough of sth. such as money or knowledge so that you can do what you need to do 過活；過得去；勉強應(yīng)付I couldnt possibly get by on $300 a month with everything so expensive.什么都很貴，一個月300美元我恐怕無法生活。on: prep.1) eating or drinking a particular type of food or drink in order to stay alive 靠生存Using a cave as shelter, the man survived on wild berries and raw fish.這人以一個山洞作為避身之處，靠吃野果和生魚活了下來。2) using a particular type of fuel or electrical power in order to operate 靠運行Why cant we make a car that runs on water? 我們?yōu)槭裁床荒苤圃斐隹克?qū)動的汽車呢？fascinating: a. making you very interested or attracted 吸引人的；迷人的；使人神魂顛倒的He is such a great writer that his stories are always fascinating.他是個了不起的作家，他寫的故事總是引人入勝。pursue: vt. 1) try to achieve sth. 追求；致力于He wanted to pursue a bachelors degree after working for two years.他想工作兩年以后再去讀學士學位。2）chase sb. or sth. in order to catch them 追趕；追逐The police officer pursued the speeding car and eventually stopped it with the help of another police car.這名警官追趕一輛超速行駛的車，最終在另一輛警車的協(xié)助下，截下了那輛車。passion: n.1) C a very strong liking for sth .強烈的愛好；熱愛Her lifelong passion for music began in childhood.她對音樂的畢生熱愛始于孩提時代。2）C,U a very strong belief or feeling about sth.強烈的情感；激情The young man gave a speech with great passion and moved all those who were present.這個年輕人的演講充滿激情，感動了所有在場的人。12. I want to encourage you to make the most of this unique experience, and to use your energy and enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity. (Para.4)Meaning: I want to encourage you to do all you can to take advantage of this special experience, and to use your energy and passion to gain rewards/good results from this chance.make the most of sth.: gain the greatest possible advantage from sth.最大限度地利用某物Since the Internet is a very useful tool, we should make the most of it in our study.既然物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是很有用的工具，我們就應(yīng)該在學習中最大限度地利用它。unique: a.1) very special, unusual, or good 特別的；極不尋常的；極好的You will be given a unique opportunity to interview the CEO of the company.你將獲得一個難得的機會去采訪那家公司的首席執(zhí)行官。2) not the same as anything or anyone else不同的；獨特的Each persons fingerprints are unique, so you wont find two p