2021版新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse學(xué)案外研版選修8.docx

Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe一、語基必備知識(一)重點詞匯分類記憶.閱讀詞匯在不認(rèn)識的詞匯前劃leap ntune v.historic adj. random adj.tension n. authority n.swear v. burst v.latter n. grasp n.glory n. abstract adj.foresee v. destiny n.sympathy n. commitment n.consistent adj. faith n.dignity n. pray v.acute adj. stable adj.dramatic adj. deliberately adv.核心詞匯寫其形1accustomed_adj.習(xí)慣的2witness v. 目擊，親眼看見；親身經(jīng)歷3decade_ n. 十年4sorrow_ n. 悲傷；悲痛5view v. 看，觀察 n觀點；風(fēng)景6acknowledge v. 承認(rèn)；認(rèn)為7deed n. 行為8defeat n. 失敗9accuse v. 指責(zé)10aid n. 幫助11broad adj. 豐富的；廣泛的12impact n& v. 影響，作用.拓展詞匯通其變1assume v假定，假設(shè)assuming conj.如果assumption n假定，假設(shè)2patient adj.忍耐的，有耐性的n.病人patience n耐心_patiently adv.耐心地3advance v& n前進(jìn)；進(jìn)展 advanced adj.高級的，先進(jìn)的4depend v依靠；取決于dependent adj.依賴的dependence n依賴，依靠independence n獨立5relief n安慰；寬慰relieve vt.安慰6devote v獻(xiàn)身，致力devotion n忠誠_devoted adj.忠誠的 7consult v咨詢；請教consultant n顧問8observe v觀察observation n觀察；監(jiān)視1.“悲傷”一族sorrow n悲傷；悲痛sorrowful adj. 悲傷的heartbroken adj. 悲傷的sadness n. 悲哀grief n. 悲痛；憂傷miserable adj. 悲慘的mournful adj. 悲哀的2.與“學(xué)習(xí)”相關(guān)的詞匯集錦grasp vt.理解；領(lǐng)會attend vt. 參加；上學(xué)concentrate vi. 集中(精力)review vi. 復(fù)習(xí)功課acquire vt. 獲得；得到absorb vt. 吸收；理解master vt. 精通；掌握3.表示“人物特點”的形容詞全掃描devoted忠實的generous 慷慨的mean 吝嗇的easygoing 隨和的warmhearted 熱心腸的energetic 有活力的enthusiastic 充滿熱情的(二)重點短語記牢用活1in_spite_of不管2at_the_very_beginning_of 在一開始的時候3a_series_of 一系列的；一連串的4accuse_sb.of_doing_sth. 指責(zé)/控告某人某事5pray_for 祈望；祈求6be_similar_to 與相似的7set_in_motion 使某事開始8make_it 成功；準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)9set_out 開始做；著手進(jìn)行；陳述10get/be_accustomed_to 習(xí)慣于1.無被動語態(tài)短語小結(jié)break out爆發(fā)belong to 屬于consist of 由組成come true 變成現(xiàn)實take place 發(fā)生date from/back to 追溯到2.聚焦“對有影響”短語make/have an impact onhave an effect onhave an influence on/uponimpact on/upon make a difference to3.“不管；不顧”詞語一覽in spite of盡管；不管despite 盡管；不管regardless of 不管；不顧no matter 不管，無論leave alone 不管；不理(三)重點句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：no比較級than同一樣不 The world was in shockmaybe they assumed this space flight would be_no_more_dangerous_than getting on an aeroplane.全世界都震驚了也許人們原本都認(rèn)為這次太空飛行跟乘坐飛機(jī)一樣沒什么危險。句型2：as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句Incredible_as_it_may_seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption.盡管看起來不可思議，但科學(xué)觀測以及我們?nèi)庋劭吹降淖C據(jù)都必然會讓我們做出一個設(shè)想。二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練.語境填詞根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式A根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下列單詞1Thinking of the days, when he was looked down upon as a poor peasant, he was in great sorrow(悲傷)2Life is a series of choices and we cant always foresee(預(yù)知) the consequences.3There are many good deeds(行為) in our class, indeed in the whole school.4It is universally acknowledged(承認(rèn)) that dogs have a good sense of smell.5A large number of young people are accustomed(習(xí)慣的) to ordering more food on the Internet.B根據(jù)所給單詞寫出適當(dāng)形式6His assumption(assume) about that human can clone animals has been confirmed in the end.7The past 30 years has witnessed(witness) the greatest changes in China.8Her assistant was accused(accuse) of theft and arrested by the police.9We dont intend to sign any documents without consulting(consult) our lawyer.10Learning to walk again after his accident required great patience(patient).語境品詞寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義1(2019江蘇卷)However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.影響2(2019浙江卷6月)The Beatles were described as a British invasion by local and nationwide newspapers at that time.入侵3(2019江蘇卷)We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages.假設(shè).選詞成篇in spite of; at the very beginning of; make/have an impact on; be similar to; set out; accuse sb. of doing sth.; be accustomed to1At_the_very_beginning_of last term, Tom 2.was_accustomed_to playing computer games. 3.In_spite_of the fact that his parents 4.accused him of not working hard, he just ignored. However, his teacher showed to him how great 5.an_impact it would have_on him if he continued playing it. With his teachers encouragement, he 6.set_out to make up for the lost time.break out; (be) aware of; make it; a series of; result in; pray forEvery time a disaster 7.broke_out,_people 8.prayed_for a better world. Actually, human activities in the past years have 9.resulted_in extreme disasters including 10.a_series_of heavy storms, floods and earthquakes. We need to 11.be_aware_of the importance of protecting the environment. Only by doing so can we 12.make_it and live in a better world.完成句子1這兩個故事我都不喜歡，因為這個故事和那個故事一樣無趣。I like neither of the two stories, for this story is no_more_interesting_than that one. 2盡管他對報酬感到不滿意，但是為了獲得一些工作經(jīng)驗他還是接受了這份工作。Unsatisfied_as_he_was with the payment，he took the job just to get some work experience. accustomedadj.習(xí)慣的；通常的，慣常的基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空For those accustomed(accustom) to a comfortable life, the change to remote areas must have been very hard indeed.Not accustomed to staying(stay) up so late at night, she has to work extra hours at daytime.能力提升句式升級(普通表達(dá))I accustom myself to living in the countryside, and I always find it hard to live in the city.(高級表達(dá))Accustoming_myself_to_living_in_the_countryside,_I always find it hard to live in the city.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)(1)be/get accustomed to (doing) sth.be used to (doing) sth.習(xí)慣于做某事(2)accustom vt. 使習(xí)慣于accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人習(xí)慣于做某事 佳句背誦 Once we achieve our goals, we will become accustomed very quickly to our new situation.一旦我們達(dá)成了目標(biāo)，我們很快就會適應(yīng)新的形勢。 assumev假設(shè)，假定；認(rèn)為；承擔(dān)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空Where unemployment and crime rates are high, it can be_assumed(assume) that the latter is due to the former. (2018江蘇卷)Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the assumption(assume) youve made.能力提升詞匯升級(普通表達(dá))If I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.(高級表達(dá))Assuming_(that) I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.(1)assume that.假定，認(rèn)為assume.to be. 認(rèn)為是；假定是(2)assuming (that) 假定(作狀語) (3)assumption n. 假定；假設(shè) 佳句背誦 It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍認(rèn)為，壓力是工作過重所致。詞塊助記assume the worst做最壞的假設(shè)assume responsibility 承擔(dān)責(zé)任 acknowledgev承認(rèn)；認(rèn)為；告知(收到)；確認(rèn)；(公開)感謝基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空a.(2019全國卷)Her years of hard work have finally been_acknowledged(acknowledge) after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.bGenerally acknowledged(acknowledge) as the finest poet in the country, he still lives a lowprofile life. a.With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing(steal) the ladys purse.bHe acknowledged being_defeated(defeat) publicly by his friend in the game, which made us surprised.能力提升完成句子It_is_universally_acknowledged_that(大家公認(rèn)) we can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.(1)acknowledge doing sth. 承認(rèn)做了某事acknowledge sth./that從句 (承認(rèn))acknowledge sb.as./to be. 認(rèn)為是 (常用于被動語態(tài))(2)It is widely/universally acknowledged that. 大家公認(rèn) 佳句背誦 Frequent travelling is widely acknowledged to be/as the easiest way to broaden our mental horizons. 大家公認(rèn)，經(jīng)常旅游是開闊我們視野的最簡單的方法。詞塊助記acknowledge my error承認(rèn)錯誤acknowledge the greeting with a nod 點頭回應(yīng)了問候 consultv咨詢；請教；商討；查閱基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空He often goes to my office to consult me about the method of learning English.(天津卷)Im a 34yearold man, married, live in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant(consult)能力提升句式升級/完成句子(普通表達(dá))After I consulted with my teacher, I made up my mind to major in English. (高級表達(dá))Having_consulted_with_my_teacher,_I made up my mind to major in English.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語) 當(dāng)你閱讀時很頻繁的查詞典是不好的。It is not good to_consult_a_dictionary too often while you are doing some reading.(1)consult with sb. 與某人商量，與某人磋商consult sb. about sth. 就某事請教/咨詢某人(2)consult a dictionary/ones notes 查閱字典/筆記(3)consultant n. 顧問；會診醫(yī)生 佳句背誦 To work out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.為了解出那道數(shù)學(xué)難題，我去向Russell教授咨詢過好幾次。(陜西卷)名師點津 關(guān)于“查詞典”的表達(dá)法：consult a dictionary, refer to a dictionary, look up a word in a dictionary等。 accuse sb. of sth.控告/指責(zé)某人基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空The boy made trouble for his teacher because he was accused of destroying property.For lack of enough evidence, the accused(accuse) was allowed to go free.能力提升一句多譯由于被指控偷錢，這個人被帶到了法庭。Accused_of_stealing_money,_the man was brought to the court.(accuse)Charged_with_stealing_money,_the man was brought to the court.(charge)(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth.charge sb. with (doing) sth.指責(zé)/控告某人(做)某事accuse sb. as . 控告/指責(zé)某人為(2)the accused 被告 名師點津 與accuse sb. of sth. 意義相近的短語：condemn sb. for (doing) sth.譴責(zé)某人blame sb. for (doing) sth. 責(zé)備某人scold sb. for (doing) sth. 指責(zé)某人as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句(教材原句)Incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption.盡管看起來不可思議，但科學(xué)觀測以及我們?nèi)庋劭吹降淖C據(jù)都必然會讓我們做出一個設(shè)想?；A(chǔ)練習(xí)單句語法填空/單句改錯(2019全國卷)Enviable as/though the cool kids may have seemed, Dr.Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences.Although/Though the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.Child as/though he is, he has a wide range of science knowledge. 能力提升句式升級 (普通表達(dá))Although the night air was hot, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.(高級表達(dá))Hot_as/though_the_night_air_was,_we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.(倒裝句)(陜西卷)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的常見形式：(1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(不加冠詞)as主語be其他成分(2)副詞as主語謂語動詞其他成分(3)形容詞as主語be其他成分(4)動詞原形as主語助動詞/情態(tài)動詞其他成分 佳句背誦 Try as you may, you wont be able to persuade him.盡管你想方設(shè)法，但你依然不能說服他。名師點津 though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可用倒裝語序，也可用正常語序，但是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不倒裝。維度一在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1In the last three years, you had shared my joys and sorrows(sorrow), making my school life unforgettable.2(福建卷)It is widely acknowledged(acknowledge) that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.3What about the two cars?This one is no more_expensive(expensive) than that one. But the blue one uses less oil.4I seem to_have_seen(see) you before, but I cant remember where I saw you.5They set out to_solve(solve) the pollution problems as soon as they got to the place where the soil had been polluted.維度二在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~1Accustomed to playing computer games, a great many teenagers are wasting their precious time.2Tom has made good preparations for it and he is convinced that he can make it3So hard was the womans life, but to_her relief, her only son was admitted to a top university last year.4Cheap as/though Huawei Mate 20 is, many people refuse to buy it because its out of date.5I dont want to be accused of tampering(篡改) with the evidence.維度三派生詞練習(xí)1Although the patient was out of patience,_the nurse was still patient with her work and did it patiently(patient)2At first, Anne totally depended on Jack, her husband. After many years of struggle, she gained her independence and now she is dependent on herself to lead a new life.(depend)3Mr. Black is my devoted friend. He devotes his life to doing scientific research. I respect his devotion to science.(devote)4It was first assumed that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a false assumption(assume)5With the help of the advanced technology, we can complete the task in advance(advance) 維度四完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1我還是要謝謝你。我自己能行。(make)Thank you all the same. I can make_it_myself2大家普遍認(rèn)為你是一位優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。(acknowledge)It_is_universally/widely_acknowledged_that you are an excellent student.3He referred to his notebook repeatedly during his speech.He consulted_his_notebook repeatedly during his speech.4Though he ran slowly, I couldnt catch up with him.Slowly_as/though_he_ran,_I couldnt catch up with him.提能一語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識點，請補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分用法)In China, people have become accustomed to 1.buying(buy) these products to lose weight. 2.Assuming(assume) that they would become slim after taking some 3.advanced(advance) medicine, they have devoted lots of money to it. Hard 4.as/though they tried, they still couldnt make 5.it. They are aware of being cheated gradually. So such companies were 6.accused(accuse) of using misleading advertisements in their promotion of the weightloss pills. We should set in motion to solve such bad behaviour. 7.In spite of some measures taken to settle the problem, some things remain 8.to_be_solved(solve). But we need 9.patience(patient) because achieving this needs a process. To our 10.relief(relieve), people have raised the awareness of protecting their own rights.提能二話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)假設(shè)你是李華，打算寫一篇短文介紹人類對火星的探測情況，寫作要點如下：對火星了解甚少，但已開始探測，30多個探測器已到達(dá)火星；火星表面與地球表面相似，但是否有生命仍待研究。1補(bǔ)全要點句(黑體部分請用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯)太空科技在過去的十年中見證了一系列歷史性的成功。Space technology has_witnessed_a_series_of_historical_successes in the last decade.雖然我們對火星所知甚少，但是人類已開始探測火星。Though we know little about Mars, man has_set_out_to_explore Mars.到目前為止，已有30多個探測器成功到達(dá)火星。So far, more than 30 probes have_made_it_to_Mars盡管如此，人們公認(rèn)我們應(yīng)該知道更多關(guān)于火星的知識。(名詞性從句)In_spite_of that, it_is_acknowledged_that we ought to know more about Mars.雖然火星表面與地球的表面相似，但是火星上是否有生命取決于進(jìn)一步的研究。(名詞性從句)Though its surface is_similar_to_that of the earth, whether_there_is_life_on_Mars_depends_on further research.2升級平淡句用倒裝句升級句Little_though_we_know_about_Mars,_man_has_set_out_to_explore_Mars.3銜接成美文_One possible version：Space technology has witnessed a series of historical successes in the last decade. Little though we know about Mars, man has set out to explore Mars.So far, more than 30 probes have made it to Mars. In spite of that, it is acknowledged that we ought to know more about Mars. Though its surface is similar to that of the earth, whether there is life on Mars depends on further research. (建議用時：35分鐘).閱讀理解A(2020大連一模)Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclipse(月食)on the roof of their house.Now a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel. So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge, Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，” Smeeton said. “She immediately started researching bone density(密度) of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.”“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，” Dobek says.Dobeks design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also includes the SGF or SelfGrowing Farm, and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars.Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobeks design. A simulator(模擬裝置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，” Dobek said. “Whatever they want to do, they should push for it and always try their best.”【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了小學(xué)生Emilia Dobek設(shè)計太空站，并贏得挑戰(zhàn)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。1Dobek first became interested in space when _Ashe was still a seventh graderBshe studied at a junior high schoolCshe lived on the top of their houseDshe watched an eclipse of the moonD解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclipse(月食)on the roof of their house.”可知，Dobek對太空感興趣是從她三年級時的一個晚上觀看一次月食開始的。2Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because _Ashe knew Dobek liked challenges in lifeBshe had no other students interested in MarsCDobek knew how to research bone density of astronautsDshe was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performanceD解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Smeeton的話可推知，她對Dobek很了解，對其可以接受這項挑戰(zhàn)并出色完成充滿信心。3What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?AThe environment on Mars.BThe safety of the supplies.CThe activities for astronauts.DThe comfort of the astronauts.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并結(jié)合對倒數(shù)第二段的整體理解可推知，Dobek的設(shè)計包含身體和休閑活動，讓宇航員在太空中也能感到舒適。B(2020蘭州高三診斷)A new chapter opened in mankinds exploration of the moon on Thursday morning as the first probe(航天探測器) to land on the moons far side reached its destination after a 26day journey. The Change 4 lunar probe, representing Chinas latest step in lunar investigation, landed at 10：26 am at the Von Krmn crater and then sent back three photos of the landing site shot by cameras on the probes lander(著陸器), marking the worlds first images taken on the surface of the