2018年中考英語知識歸納復(fù)習(xí)專題 動詞的時態(tài) 外研版

動詞的時態(tài)【動詞的時態(tài)】初中階段學(xué)習(xí)的時態(tài)有以下八種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、過去將來時。前六種為常考時態(tài)，要掌握各時態(tài)的構(gòu)成、用法以及標(biāo)志性時間狀語。【一般現(xiàn)在時】謂語形式用法例句動詞原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式（do/does）表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作。ioftengotoschoolatseven.我經(jīng)常在七點鐘去上學(xué)。表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。itistwelveoclocknow.現(xiàn)在12點了。表示主語具備的性格、能力、特征等。helookslikehisfather.他看起來像他爸爸。表示客觀事實和普遍真理。thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太陽東升西落。在時間、條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時。ifitdoesntraintomorrow,iwillleave.如果明天不下雨我將離開。go,come,leave,arrive等動詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。thetraintobeijingleavesat5:30.開往北京的火車5:30離開。時間標(biāo)志always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday/year/week,onsunday,twiceaweek.【考點訓(xùn)練1】1.my father is a teacher and he _ (teach) in a middle school.2.yesterday the teacher told us the earth _ (go) around the sun.3.when shall we begin our meeting?well begin it when helen _ . （ ）a.comes b.camec.will come d.come4.how do you usually go to school?i usually _ to school on foot. （ ）a.go b.wentc.was going d.will go答案：teaches goes a a【一般過去時】謂語形式用法例句動詞的過去式（did）表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。imethiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上遇見他了。表示過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為，常和often,always等頻度副詞連用。heoftenwenttoschoolbybuslastterm.上學(xué)期他經(jīng)常乘公共汽車去上學(xué)。時間標(biāo)志yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastnight/week/year,amomentago,justnow,then,in2000,whenhewasveryyoung.要點提醒：“used to+動詞原形”表示過去的習(xí)慣或狀態(tài)。如：mum used to tell us stories.媽媽過去常給我們講故事?！究键c訓(xùn)練2】1.mike _ (not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night.2.he asked if i _ (be) a student.3.will you please say it again?i _ quite _ you. （ ） a.dont;hear b.didnt;hearc.dont;heard d.didnt;heard4.he _ go out with his parents,but now he _ staying at home alone. （ ）a.used to;is used tob.is used to;used toc.use to;is used tod.used to;used to答案：didnt go was b a【一般將來時】謂語形式用法例句will/shall+動詞原形(shall用于第一人稱)；be(am/is/are)goingto+動詞原形表示將來某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。myfriendswillgotoamericaintwodays.兩天后我的朋友們將去美國。look！itsgoingtorain.瞧，要下雨了。表示按計劃、打算要做的事，多用begoingto。imgoingtoclimbthemountainthisafternoon.今天下午我打算去爬山。時間標(biāo)志tomorrow,nextweek/month/year,inafewdays(in+時間段),inthefuture,fromnowon,soon.要點提醒：be going to與will的區(qū)別1.be going to 指已計劃好的事或思考過的意圖、打算，will表示未事先思考或未計劃而臨時做出的決定。如：im going to see him tomorrow.我打算明天去看他。（事先經(jīng)過思考）ill answer the door.我去開門。（未經(jīng)事先考慮）2. be going to可表示客觀跡象表明馬上要發(fā)生的事，而will則表明說話者的主觀意愿。如：look at the clouds.there is going to be a storm.看看這些云，暴風(fēng)雨就要來了。（客觀跡象表明要發(fā)生）i hope it will be warm tomorrow.我希望明天會暖和起來。（主觀意愿）3.在含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句的主句中，一般用will，不用 be going to。 如：i will come if it doesnt rain.如果不下雨的話，我就來?！究键c訓(xùn)練3】1._ a concert in our school next saturday. （ ）a.there is b.there arec.there will be d.there will have2.if they can arrive by 9:00 am,we _ a meeting. （ ）a.have b.will havec.had d.would have3.he _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. （ ）a.gives b.gavec.will giving d.is going to give答案：c b d【現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時】謂語形式用法例句am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作。theyarewatchingtvnow.他們正在看電視。表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作（常與thesedays等連用）。thesedayswereworkingonthefarm.這些天我們在農(nóng)場干活。與always,forever等詞連用表示贊揚(yáng)、厭惡或不滿等情感。aliceisalwaysthinkingofothers.艾麗斯總是想著別人。表示位置移動的動詞，如come,go,leave,arrive等常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示最近即將發(fā)生的動作。imcoming.我這就來。weareleavingtomorrow.我們明天將離開。時間標(biāo)志now,look！,listen！,atthe/thismoment.【考點訓(xùn)練4】1.they _ （have) a math test in the classroom now.2.look! he _ (lie) on the beach.3.pass the raincoat to me.it _ hard now.here you are. （ ）a.rain b.is rainingc.rained d.will rain4.cathy,can you answer the door?i _ the room.im coming,mum. （ ）a.cleanb.cleanedc.have cleaned d.am cleaning答案：are having is lying b d【過去進(jìn)行時】謂語形式用法例句was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）表示過去某一時刻或某段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作(動作發(fā)生的時間常用一個短語或時間狀語從句來表明)。iwaswatchingtvateightoclocklastnight.昨天晚上八點我正在看電視。shewasreadingbooksalldaylastsaturday.上周六她一整天都在看書。與always,forever等詞連用表示贊揚(yáng)、厭惡或不滿等情感。hewasforevercomplainingaboutsomething.他老是怨這怨那。時間標(biāo)志atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,at9:00lastnight,fromninetotenlastnight,when/while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句等要點提醒：1.在含有時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，延續(xù)時間較長的動作常用過去進(jìn)行時，另一個短暫性動作用一般過去時。如：when the ufo landed,i was shopping at the clothes store.當(dāng)ufo落地時，我正在服裝店買衣服。2.表示兩個延續(xù)性動作在過去某一時刻同時進(jìn)行，不考慮動作的先后順序，主句和從句的謂語動詞都用過去進(jìn)行時，連詞常用while。如：tom was doing his homework while i was reading a newspaper.我在看報紙時，湯姆在做作業(yè)?！究键c訓(xùn)練5】1.mike and i _ (play) basketball at that time yesterday afternoon.2.while mr.johnson _ (work) in the office,the phone rang.3.the girl _ for the bus when the rainstorm came. （ ）a.waited b.have waitedc.is waiting d.was waiting4.jenny,i called you at nine last night,but you didnt pick up.oh,i _ a popular program called go fighting!. （ ）a.watch b.watchedc.was watching d.am watching答案：were playing was working d c【現(xiàn)在完成時】謂語形式用法例句have/has+過去分詞表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。ihaveseenthefilmalready.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。（已知電影內(nèi)容）表示過去開始的動作或狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在乃至將來（謂語常用延續(xù)性動詞，與sofar,since/for.連用）。ihavestudiedintheschoolsince2009.自從2009年我就在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。時間標(biāo)志already,just,yet,sofar,uptonow,ever,sincethen,in/duringthepast.years,“since+過去時間點”,“since+一般過去時從句”,“for+時間段”.要點提醒：1.have/has been to,have/has gone to與have/has been in（考點講解詳見p74考點1）2.延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞英語中的動詞按動作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過程的長短可分為延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞兩種，非延續(xù)性動詞也可稱為短暫性動詞或瞬間動詞。在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中，有時要將非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞，這樣才能和時間段連用。轉(zhuǎn)換方法如下：（1）將短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為“be+形容詞或副詞”。請看下表：begin/startbeongotherebetherecomebackbebackcomeherebehereopenbeopenclosebecloseddiebedeadmarry/getmarriedbemarriedfinish/endbeovergotobedbeinbedleavebeawayreturnbebackgetoutbeoutfallasleepbeasleepwakeupbeawakefallillbeillarrive/reach/gettobein/atjoinbein/beamemberof如：這間商店開門6小時了。the shop has opened for 6 hours.( )the shop has been open for 6 hours.( )（2） 有的短暫性動詞可以轉(zhuǎn)換為意思相同的延續(xù)性動詞。請看下表：borrowkeep(借）becomebe(成為）buyhave/own(買）catch/getacoldhaveacold(感冒）gettoknowknow(認(rèn)識）gotosleepsleep(睡覺）putonwear(穿）receivehave(收到）如：這本書我借了一個月了。i have borrowed the book for one month.( )i have kept the book for one month.( )3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用；一般過去時只表示過去的事實，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如i bought a ticket yesterday.我昨天買了一張票。(強(qiáng)調(diào)我昨天做的一件事是買票)i have already bought a ticket.我已經(jīng)買了一張票。(強(qiáng)調(diào)我已經(jīng)有票了,無須再惦記票的事了)4.現(xiàn)在完成時的其他句型【考點訓(xùn)練6】1. you _ your homework yet?yes.i _ it a moment ago. （ ）a.did;do;finishedb.have;done;finishedc.have;done;have finishedd.will;do;finish2.his father _ the party since 1978. （ ）a.joined b.has joinedc.was in d.has been in3.miss green isnt in the office.she to the library. （ ）a.has gone b.wentc.will go d.has been答案：b d a【過去完成時】謂語形式用法例句圖示had+過去分詞表示在過去的過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。ihadhadthreepiecesofcakewhenyouarrived.你來的時候我已經(jīng)吃了三塊蛋糕了。表示過去某一動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去另一時間。theoldmanhadlivedinshanghaifortenyearsbeforetomcamehere.湯姆來這兒之前，這個老人已經(jīng)住在上海十年了。時間標(biāo)志bythetime.,before,when等構(gòu)成的短語或引導(dǎo)的從句【考點訓(xùn)練7】1.在我們到達(dá)電影院之前，電影已經(jīng)開始了。the film _ before we _ to the cinema.2.警察趕到時，小偷已經(jīng)逃跑了。when the police _,the thief _ .答案：had begun got arrived had run away【過去將來時】謂語形式用法例句would+動詞原形；was/weregoingto+動詞原形表示在過去某個時間點看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)（多用于間接引語或賓語從句中）。was/weregoingto多用于口語中，表示根據(jù)計劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。shesaidshewouldbebackthenextday.她說明天她將回來。mr.greentoldusweweregoingtohaveapartyattheweekend.格林先生告訴我們周末我們要舉辦一個晚會。時間標(biāo)志thenextday,thefollowingweek.【考點訓(xùn)練8】1.李明說如果布萊恩下個月來中國，他將會很高興。li ming said he _ happy if brian came to china the next month.2.蒂娜說她下周三打算來參加我的生日派對。tina said she _ my birthday party the next wednesday.答案：would be was going to【中考示例】(2017廣西)if he _ guilin,hell probably go to yangshuo. ( )a.visits b.is visitingc.will visit d.has visited【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：如果他游覽桂林，他有可能會去陽朔。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時，時態(tài)遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來?！究碱}熱身】1.(2017甘肅)i promise i _ （send) you an email to explain all of these tomorrow.2.(2017甘肅)be quiet! the patients _（sleep).3.(2017鄂州)sandys grandparents _ （marry) for 50 years.4.(2017臺州改編)a true friend always _（support) you whenever you are in trouble.5.(2017宿遷)i _（wash) the dishes while my sister was sweeping the floor.6.(2017云南)what do you think of your hometown, kate?it a lot.its more beautiful than before. （ ）a.has changed b.changesc.will change d.change7.(2017武漢)linda is not coming for the party tonight.but she _！ （ ）a.promises b.promisedc.will promise d.had promised8.(2017畢節(jié))its nice to see you again.we _ each other since 2016. （ ）a.wont see b.havent seenc.dont see d.didnt see9.(2017黔東南)if it doesnt rain this weekend,we _ a picnic in the jinquan park. （ ）a.h