軟件工程復(fù)習(xí)英文

.>.a.Whydoesputerhardwarecostsomuch"計算機(jī)硬件為什么如此昂貴b.Whydoessoftwaretakealongtimetofinish"c.Whydoesitcostsomuchtodevelopapieceofsoftware"d.Whycan'tsoftwareerrorsberemovedfromproductspriortodelivery"2.Softwaredeterioratesratherthanwearsoutbecause〔c〕軟件通常是變壞而不是磨損的原因是a.Softwaresuffersfrome*posuretohostileenvironmentsb.Defectsaremorelikelytoariseaftersoftwarehasbeenusedoftenc.Multiplechangerequestsintroduceerrorsinponentinteractions在組件交互中需求發(fā)生變化導(dǎo)致錯誤d.Softwaresparepartsbeehardertoorder3.Mostsoftwarecontinuestobecustombuiltbecause〔d〕大多數(shù)軟件產(chǎn)品是定制的a.ponentreuseismoninthesoftwareworldb.Reusableponentsaretooe*pensivetousec.Softwareiseasiertobuildwithoutusingsomeoneelse'sponents.d.Offtheshelfsoftwareponentsarenotmonlyavailable現(xiàn)成的軟件組件不常用4.Thenatureofsoftwareapplicationscanbecharacterizedbytheirinformation軟件應(yīng)用的本質(zhì)可以被特色化，通過他們信息的a.ple*ityb.content容d.choices"b"and"c"5.Addingmorepeopletoaprojectthatisalreadybehindscheduleisagoodway添加更多的人到一個工程，已經(jīng)落后于時間表是趕上一個很好的方式designedwithchangeinmind.〔T〕需求變化不適應(yīng)于大多數(shù)的軟件系統(tǒng)，除非軟件在設(shè)計之初便考慮了變化因素a.Processb.Manufacturing制造業(yè)c.Methodsd.Tools軟件工程的三個一般的階段是a.definition,development,support定義階段、開發(fā)階段、維護(hù)階段b.what,how,gramming,debugging,maintenance.d.analysis,design,testing9.WhichofthesetermsisalevelnameintheCapabilityMaturityModel"〔b〕a.Adhocb.Repeatable可重復(fù)的c.Reusabled.Organizedlmodelofsoftwaredevelopmentisa軟件開發(fā)中的線性模型是a.Areasonableapproachwhenrequirementsarewelldefined.當(dāng)需求被良好定義時的合理開發(fā)方式。b.Agoodapproachwhenaworkingprogramisrequiredquickly.c.Thebestapproachtouseforprojectswithlargedevelopmentteams.d.Anoldfashionedmodelthatisrarelyusedanymore.Theprototypingmodelofsoftwaredevelopmentis〔b〕軟件開發(fā)中的原型模型是a.Areasonableapproachwhenrequirementsarewelldefined.b.Ausefulapproachwhenacustomercannotdefinerequirementsclearly.當(dāng)客戶無法清晰定義需求時的有效開發(fā)方式c.Thebestapproachtouseforprojectswithlargedevelopmentteams.d.Ariskymodelthatrarelyproducesameaningfulproduct.erapidapplicationdevelopmentmodelisca.Anothernameforponent-baseddevelopment.b.Ausefulapproachwhenacustomercannotdefinerequirementsclearly.c.Ahighspeedadaptationofthelinearsequentialmodel.線性順序模型的高速適應(yīng)方式d.Alloftheabove.7.Theincrementalmodelofsoftwaredevelopmentis〔b〕軟件開發(fā)中的增量模型是a.Areasonableapproachwhenrequirementsarewelldefined.b.Agoodapproachwhenaworkingcoreproductisrequiredquickly.當(dāng)核心產(chǎn)品需要被迅速開發(fā)時的良好開發(fā)方式c.Thebestapproachtouseforprojectswithlargedevelopmentteams.d.Arevolutionarymodelthatisnotusedformercialproducts.Thespiralmodelofsoftwaredevelopmentc開發(fā)模型a.Endswiththedeliveryofthesoftwareproductb.Ismorechaoticthantheincrementalmodelc.Includesprojectrisksevaluationduringeachiteration在每個迭代中都包括工程風(fēng)險評估d.Alloftheabove1.Oneofthemostdifficultpartsofsoftwarerequirementsanalysisisensuringthedeveloperunderstandsthecustomer'sneeds.〔T〕軟件需求分析中最困難的局部之一是確保開發(fā)人員了解客戶的需求。2.WhichofthesepeoplewouldnotbelikelytopartoftheFASTteam"〔a〕a.softwareengineersb.developingrepresentativec.marketingrepresentatives.>.d.seniorfinancialofficers3.Whichoftheserequirementsarenotconsideredduringqualityfunctiondeployment(QFD)"〔a〕a.e*citingrequirementsb.e*pectedrequirementc.normalrequirementsd.technologyrequirementshichdataandcontrolb信息流表示其中數(shù)據(jù)及控制以這樣的方式a.arerelatedtooneanother.b.changeaseachmovesthroughthesystem.轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎麄€系統(tǒng)的每個動作。c.willbeimplementedinthefinaldesign.d.noneoftheabove.在需求分析的背景下，兩種類型的問題劃分為a.bottom-upandtop-downb.horizontalandverticalc.subordinateandsuperordinated.noneoftheabove6.Whichviewshouldbeconsiderdfirstduringsoftwarerequirementsanalysis"a.actorviewb.dataviewc.essentialviewd.implementationviewaspecification"以下哪一項(xiàng)不是必須建立一個規(guī)時，應(yīng)遵循一個原則？〔b〕a.createacognitivemodelratherthanadesignmodelb.makesurethespecificationdotsevery"i"andcrossesevery"t"c.Establishtheconte*tinwhichsoftwareoperatesd.separatefunctionalityfromimplementation8.Whichofthefollowingisnotaguidelineforrepresentingrequirements"〔d〕a.diagramsshouldberestrictedinnumberandconsistentinuseb.representationformatandcontentshouldberelevanttothecontentc.representationsshouldberevisabled.usenomorethan7plusorminus2colorsinanydiagramsa.depictsrelationshipsbetweendataobjectsb.depictsfunctionsthattransformthedataflowc.indicateshowdataaretransformedbythesystemd.indicatessystemreactionstoe*ternalevents用于顯示系統(tǒng)反響外部事件2.Thedatamodelconsistsofthreepiecesofinterrelatedinformation〔d〕.>.a.attributesb.dataobjectsc.relationshipsd.alloftheabove3.Therelationshipsshowninadatamodelmustbeclassifiedtoshowtheir〔c〕在一個數(shù)據(jù)模型中顯示的關(guān)系必須被分類，以顯示他們的a.Widthanddepthb.Directionalityandreliabilityc.cardinalityandmodality基數(shù)和方式babilityandrisk對于行為建模的目的，一個狀態(tài)是任何a.consumerorproducerofdata.b.dataobjecthierarchy.c.observablemodeofbehavior.觀察到的行為模式d.welldefinedprocess.5.Thedatadictionarycontainsdescriptionsofeachsoftware〔b〕數(shù)據(jù)字典包含了每個軟件的說明a.configurationitemb.dataobject數(shù)據(jù)對象c.diagramd.notationtsforasoftwareproductT數(shù)據(jù)流圖必須通過描述性文本以描述為一個軟件產(chǎn)品的功能性要求進(jìn)展擴(kuò)大。jectscope工程圍2.Theimportanceofsoftwaredesigncanbesummarizedinasingleword〔d〕軟件設(shè)計的重要性，可以歸納為一個字a.accuracyb.ple*ityc.efficiencyd.quality質(zhì)量ftheseisacharacteristicofagooddesignba.e*hibitsstrongcouplingbetweenitsmodulesb.implementsallrequirementsintheanalysismodel實(shí)現(xiàn)在分析模型中的所有規(guī)定c.includestestcasesforallponentsd.incorporatessourcecodefordescriptivepurposes.控制層次代表了anizationofmodules組織模塊cessingdetailsofeachthesetofmodulescollectively.每個處理的細(xì)節(jié)的模塊集合統(tǒng)稱d.relationshipbetweencontrolandprocedure.vehighmodularityofsoftwareponentsyouneedC為了到達(dá)你需要的軟件組件的高度模塊化a.highcouplingandhighcohesionb.highcouplingandlowcohesionc.lowcouplingandhighcohesion低耦合和高聚合d.lowcouplingandlowcohesion8.Cohesionisaqualitativeindicationofthedegreetowhichamodule〔b〕凝聚力是在何種程度上一個模塊的定性指示a.canbewrittenmorepactly.b.focusesonjustonething.專注于一件事c.isabletopleteitsfunctioninatimelymanner.d.isconnectedtoothermodulesandtheoutsideworld.nofthedegreetowhichamoduled耦合是一個模塊在何種程度上定性指標(biāo)a.canbewrittenmorepactly.b.focusesonjustonething.c.isabletopleteitsfunctioninatimelymanner.d.isconnectedtoothermodulesandtheoutsideworld.連接到其他的模塊和外界1.Intransactionmappingthefirstlevelfactoringresultsinthe〔c〕在事務(wù)處理映射的第一層因子分解結(jié)果在a.creationofaCFDb.derivationofthecontrolhierarchyc.distributionofworkermodules職工的模塊分布d.refinementofthemoduleview2.Anecessarysupplementtotransformortransactionmappingneededtocreatea一個必要的補(bǔ)充，改造或交易映射需要建立一個完整的體系構(gòu)造設(shè)計cessingnarrativesforeachmodule每個模塊的處理表達(dá)d.testcasesforeachmodule1.Whichofthefollowinginterfacedesignprinciplesdoesnotallowtheuserto.>.loftheinteractionwithaputerda.allowinteractiontointerruptibleb.allowinteractiontobeundoablec.hidetechnicalinternalsfromcasualusersd.onlyprovideonerigidlydefinedmethodforacplishingataskda.defineintuitiveshortcuts定義直觀的快捷鍵b.discloseinformationinaprogressive以循序漸進(jìn)的信息公開c.establishmeaningfuldefaults建立有意義的默認(rèn)值d.alloftheabovestencyimpliesthataa.inputmechanismsremainthesamethroughouttheapplication整個應(yīng)用程序輸入的機(jī)制保持不變b.eachapplicationshouldhaveitsowndistinctivelookandfeelc.applicationmethodsareconte*tsensitived.answersaandb4.theimplementersofthesystemcreatea〔c〕a.designmodelb.usermodelc.systemimage系統(tǒng)映像d.systemperception問題的外表，幾乎每一個用戶界面：a.adaptiveuserprofilesandfunctionalshortcutsb.errorhandlingandsystemresponsetime錯誤處理和系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)時間c.resolutionofgraphicsdisplaysanddesignoficonsd.noneoftheabove1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafundamentalstructuredprogrammingconstruct"a.recursion(遞歸)b.conditionc.repetitiond.sequence2.Whichoftheseisagraphicalnotationfordepictingproceduraldetail"〔a〕a.dataflowdiagram數(shù)據(jù)流程圖b.decisiontablec.ERdiagramd.graphmatri*.>.da一般來說，盒圖和流程圖應(yīng)該是〔〕a.beusedinplaceofprogrammingdesignlanguagesb.beusedtodocumenttheentiredesignornotatallc.onlybeusedtodocumentorevaluatedesigninspecificinstancesd.noneoftheaboveedda.todocumentallconditionalstatementsb.toguidethedevelopmentoftheprojectmanagementplanc.onlywhenbuildingane*pertsystemd.whenaple*setofconditionsandactionsappearsinaponent當(dāng)一個復(fù)雜的條件和行動出現(xiàn)在一個組件程序設(shè)計語言〔PDL〕往往是一個a.usefulwaytorepresentsoftwarearchitectureb.legitimate(合理的)programminglanguageinitsownrightc.machinereadablesoftwaredevelopmentlanguaged.binationofprogrammingconstructsandnarrativete*t程序構(gòu)造與敘事文本的合a.determinetheproductivityofprogrammersb.eliminatetheneedforfutureprogrammaintenancec.eliminateeveryerrorpriortoreleased.uncoversoftwareerrors發(fā)現(xiàn)軟件錯誤2.Whattypesoferrorsaremissedbyblack-bo*testingandcanbeuncoveredbywhite-bo*testing"〔b〕黑盒測試中的錯誤是什么類型的，可以通過白盒測試來發(fā)現(xiàn)？a.behavioralerrorsb.subtlelogicerrors微妙的邏輯錯誤c.performanceerrorsd.inputerrorfca.cyclesintheprogramb.errorsintheprogramc.independentlogicpathsintheprogram程序中的獨(dú)立邏輯路徑erfaceerrorsc.performanceerrorsd.alloftheabove.a.unit,integration,system,validation單元，集成，系統(tǒng)，驗(yàn)證b.system,integration,unit,validationc.unit,integration,validation,systemd.noneoftheabove2.Top-downintegrationtestinghasasit'smajoradvantagethat〔b〕a.lowlevelmodulesneverneedtestingb.majordecisionpointsaretestedearly主要的決策點(diǎn)是早試驗(yàn)c.nostubsneedtobewrittend.noneoftheaboveasitsmajoradvantagethatc自下而上的整合測試，作為它的主要優(yōu)勢a.majordecisionpointsaretestedearlyb.nodriversneedtobewrittenc.nostubsneedtobewrittend.regressiontestingisnotrequiredichofthefollowingisanapproachtodebuggingda.backtracking回溯算法b.bruteforce暴力破解c.causeelimination消除原因d.alloftheabove1.Thewaterfallmodelofsoftwaredevelopmentisalsoknownasthe(a)瀑布模型的軟件開發(fā)也被稱為A.Classicallifecyclemodel古典生命周期模型B.FountainmodelC.SpiralmodelD.Chaosmodel.2.Theincrementalmodelofsoftwaredevelopmentis(B)增量的軟件開發(fā)模A.Areasonableapproachwhenrequirementsarewelldefined.B.Agoodapproachwhenaworkingcoreproductisrequiredquickly.一種好方法，當(dāng)一個工作核心產(chǎn)品時需要快速C.Thebestapproachtouseforprojectswithlargedevelopmentteams.D.Arevolutionarymodelthatisnotusedformercialproducts.andtheconstraintsunderwhichitoperatesandisdeveloped.TherequirementsthemselvesarethedescriptionsofthesystemservicesandconstraintsthatareDeliversoftwarethatmeetsthecustomer’se*pectations.Instructions、datastructuresanddocuments.指令、數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)造和文檔puterprogramsandassociateddocumentation.計算機(jī)程序和相關(guān)文檔。.2.Howdosoftwarecharacteristicsdifferfromhardwarecharacteristics"Softwareisdeveloped,notmanufactured.軟件開發(fā)，而不是制造。Mostsoftwareiscustombuilt.大多數(shù)軟件都是定制的。3.Whatdopeoplemeanbythee*pression"softwarecrisis""Someproblemsencounteredinthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofputersoftware.在計算機(jī)軟件的開發(fā)和維護(hù)中遇到的一些問題。4.Whatmythsaboutsoftwarestille*ist"scustomermyths客戶誤區(qū)practitioner'smyths從業(yè)者的誤區(qū)1.Whatarethethreegenericphasesofsoftwareengineering"什么是軟件工程的三個通用階段"(1)Definitionphase定義階段2.WhatarethenamesofthefivelevelsoftheSEICapabilityMaturityModel"SEI的能力成熟度模型的五個層次的名稱"Level1-initialoradhoclevel初始或特設(shè)的水平Level2-repeatablelevel可重復(fù)級Leveldefinedlevel級別定義Levelmanagedlevel管理水平Level5-optimizinglevel優(yōu)化級別3.Describethephasesoftheprototypingmodelforsoftwaredevelopment.描述原型模型的軟件開發(fā)的階段p3.customertest-drivesmock-up客戶試車模擬development"mostimportantly,reflectswhatreallyhappenswhenple*systemsarebuilt.最重要的是，反映的是真實(shí)發(fā)生的，復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)建立1.Whatarethefivephasesofsoftwarerequirementsanalysis"什么是軟件需求分析的五個階段"emrecognitionEvaluationandsynthesis評價和合成1.Whatarethreeprimaryobjectivesoftheanalysismodel"什么是三個主要目標(biāo)的分析模型".todescribewhatthecustomerrequires來描述客戶的要求toestablishabasisforthecreationofasoftwaredesign建立軟件設(shè)計創(chuàng)作的根底todefineasetofrequirementsthatcanbevalidatedoncethesoftwareisbuilt定義一組一旦建立了該軟件，則可以進(jìn)展驗(yàn)證的要求2.Whatarethedatamodelingelementsrepresente