八種句子成分

句子成分1 定義定義構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分主要成分主語和謂語次要成分賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語2 八種成分的用法【主語】主語定義主語是一個句子所敘述的主體.主語位置一般位于句首.但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語為疑問詞時）和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面哪些詞可以作主語名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,不定式,動名詞,名詞化的形容詞,短語,句子The village is very beautiful.（名詞）Who is speaking,please?（電話中問對方是誰）（代詞）Two will be enough.（數(shù)詞）To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.（不定式）Skating is good exercise.（動名詞）The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.（名詞化的形容詞）How to do well is an important question.（短語）What has happened proves that our policy is right.（句子）【謂語】謂語定義謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài).動詞在句中作謂語謂語位置一般放在主語之后.謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成.如：He practices running every morning.2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成.如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成.如：We are students.【賓語】賓語定義賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者賓語位置一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面哪些詞可以作賓語名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞化的形容詞,不定式,動名詞,動名詞短語,句子She is doing her homework now.（名詞）I like it very much.（代詞）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）He likes to play basketball.（不定式）I like swimming.（動名詞）We enjoy listening to the music.（動名詞短語）He told me that he was a teacher before.（句子）賓語種類（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補）例如：They elected him their monitor.【定語】定語定義修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語定語位置被修飾的詞前或后哪些詞可以作定語名詞,代詞,名詞或代詞所有格,數(shù)詞,形容詞（限觀形齡色國材）,分詞,動名詞,不定式,介詞短語,句子可以作定語.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）His son needs Toms pen.（代詞和名詞所有格）Two boys need two pens.（數(shù)詞）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動名詞）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）The boy who is tall is my brother.（句子）【狀語】狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語狀語位置句首,句中,句尾哪些詞可以作狀語名詞,數(shù)詞,形容詞,副詞,副詞性詞組,介詞短語,不定式,分詞,句子.Wait a minute.（名詞）Ive done it hundreds of times.（數(shù)詞）I got home,tired and thirsty.（形容詞）Light travels most quickly.（副詞）Generally speaking,when taken according to the directions,the medicine has no side effect.（副詞性詞組）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語）They came out of the classroom,talking and laughing.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Mr Black came back drunk that night.（過去分詞）Once you begin, you must continue.（句子）狀語種類時間狀語,地點狀語,原因狀語,條件狀語,方式狀語,比較狀語,讓步狀語,目的狀語,結(jié)果狀語,伴隨狀語How about meeting again at six?（時間狀語）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（條件狀語）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點狀語）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語）She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語）I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）【賓語補足語】賓語補足語定義英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,還要有一個賓語補語,才能使句子的意義完整.這種賓語補語就是賓語補足語.賓語補足語位置帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）哪些詞可以作賓語賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和句子充當(dāng)His father named him Dongming.（名詞）They painted their boat white.（形容詞）Let the fresh air in.（副詞）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式）We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞）I had my bike repaired yesterday.（過去分詞）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（句子）【表語】表語定義表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)表語位置它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后.哪些詞可以作表語表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及句子表示Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）Is it yours?（代詞）The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）The speech is exciting.（分詞）Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（愛好）is playing football.（動名詞）The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語）Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）【同位語】定義一個名詞（其它形式）對另一個名詞或代詞進(jìn)行解釋或補充說明,這個詞（或其它形式）就是同位語位置同位語與被它限定的詞的格式要一致,并常常緊挨在一起充當(dāng)同位語的詞名詞,動名詞,不定式,形容詞,名詞短語，動名詞短語，不定式短語，介詞短語，形容詞短語直接引語,句子Mr wang,my childs teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.（名詞）I,the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children.（名詞短語）He enjoys the exercise,swimming in winter.（動名詞）Asking him to join us,thats a good ides.（動名詞短語）Their aspiration,to become free and independent,is deserving of every kind of help from us.（不定式）The question what to do next hasnt been considered.（不定式短語）As the head of the company,he had to explain what had happened.（介詞短語）He,short and thin,is unfit for the job.（形容詞）All the countries,big or small,are equal.（形容詞短語）But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she was a clone?”（直接引語）The girl were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.（句子）【大展身手】1. _ will leave for Beijin g. A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest. A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding