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中考英語復習方案語法部分,第二篇句法狀語從句,復習要點1.時間狀語從句2.條件狀語從句3.比較狀語從句4.結果狀語從句5.原因狀語從句6.目的狀語從句7.讓步狀語從句8.方式狀語從句9.地點狀語從句,TheAdverbialClause狀語從句狀語從句是副詞性從句,其句法功能是修飾謂語或整個句子等,在句中作狀語,通常由從屬連詞引導。狀語從句不僅是初中英語學習的重點,而且也是每年中考必考的內(nèi)容之一。命題主要集中在引導狀語從句的連詞、狀語從句的時態(tài)等方面;從九大狀語從句來看,應將復習重點放在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、結果狀語從句和比較狀語從句這四種上。,1.時間狀語從句引導時間狀語從句的連詞有:while,when,as,assoonas,till,until,notuntil,before,after,since,etc1)when,while,as三者均可表示“當?shù)臅r候”,如果主句表示的是短暫的動作,而從句表示的是一段時間,三者可通用。如:ImetKangLiaswhenwhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetas和when都可與終止性動詞連用,while只能與延續(xù)性動詞連用。如:Itwassnowingwhenwegottotheairport(不能用while)as強調主句與從句表示的動作同時發(fā)生;while強調主句表示的動作持續(xù)于while所指的整個時間內(nèi);when可指主、從句所述動作同時或先后發(fā)生。如:HesangashewentalongPleasewritewhileIreadWhenhereachedhome,hehadalittlerest,難點鏈接,2)before,afterbefore表示主句發(fā)生的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前,意為“在之前”。after表示主句發(fā)生的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后,意為“在之后”。如:TheyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheywenttoschoolTheytalkedaboutthepartyafterthepeopleleft.3)until,tilluntil和till在肯定句中表示“直到為止”,主句要用延續(xù)性動詞;在否定句中,表示“直到才”,主句常用終止性動詞,這時till和until可用before替換。如:IwaitedtilluntilhearrivedIwillwaituntilhecomes.WewontstartuntiltillbeforeBobcomes4)assoonas表示主句發(fā)生的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后,意為“一就”。如果主句是一般將來時,情態(tài)動詞加動詞原形或祈使句時,時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:MybrotherwentoutassoonasIgothome.IllphoneyouassoonasIarriveinTonghua5)since:表示“自從以來”,從句中常用過去時,主句用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時.(對since引導的時間狀語提問要用howlong).如:WherehaveyoubeensinceIsawyoulast?,難點鏈接,時間狀語從句中較難掌握的幾點:until(till)直到,在用until表達時間狀語的句子中,主句中的動詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動詞是持續(xù)性動詞,它要用肯定句,如:Istudiedharduntil12oclocklastnight.如果動詞是瞬間截止性動詞,則要用否定句,如:Hedidntgotobeduntilhismothercameback由since,for,by,before來引導的時間狀語從句。since引導的時間狀語是動作的開始時間,如:IhavestudiedEnglishsince1990.而由by引導的時間狀語通常是動作的結束時間,如:Ihadlearned25Englishsongsbytheendoflastterm.而before則多用于完成時,ago則多用于一般過去時,如:HehadfinishedhisworkbeforetwelveyesterdayIleftmyhometowntwoyearsago在狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時表示將來。它們可能是主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時,如:Ifitrains,theywontgototheparkonSunday也可以主句是一般過去時,從句用過去將來時,如:Hesaidifitrainedthenextdayhewouldnotgotothepark考試中常見的考點有:要學生區(qū)別是條件、時間狀語從句還是賓語從句,因在賓語從句中該用什么時態(tài)用什么時態(tài),如:Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow在賓語從句中的條件狀語從句與主句的關系,如:Iwanttoknowifitrainshewillcomeheretomorrow,難點鏈接,注意:在時間狀語從句中,主句和從句之間的時態(tài)應按下列規(guī)律確定。1)主句一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(特別是用assoonas引導從句時):Theboywillbeawriterwhenhegrowsup.IllringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.2)主句含有情態(tài)動詞,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時:Whenthelightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.3)主句為祈使句時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時:Pleasedontgotobedbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.4)主句為一般過去時,從句也用過去時態(tài):IlikedreadingwhenIwasyoung.5)在帶有till或until引導的時間狀語從句的主從復合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含義是“一直到時”,謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如果主句用否定式,其含義是“直到才”,“在以前不”,謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。例如:Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.Letswaituntiltherainstops.WewontstartuntilBobcomes.Dontgetoffuntilthebusstops.,難點鏈接,2.條件狀語從句1)引導條件狀語從句的連詞有if(如果)、unless(除非)等,條件狀語從句也像時間狀語從句一樣,如果主句用將來時,從句要用現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。如:Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?DontleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.2)unless在意義上相當于ifnot。YouwillfailunlessyoustudyhardYouwillfailifyoudontstudyhard3)“祈使句+and(or)+陳述句”在意思上相當于一個帶有條件狀語從句的復合句。其中,and表示句意順承;or表示轉折,意為“否則”。例如:Hurryup,oryoullbelate.=Ifyoudonthurryup,youllbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.4)用介詞with,without可以把條件狀語從句改寫成簡單句:Ifthereisnowater,thefishmaydie.=Fishmaydiewithoutwater.Ifyouhelpme,Illfinishmytaskontime.=Withyourhelp,Illfinishmytaskontime.,難點鏈接,3.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句通常由asas,比較級+than等連詞引導,比較連詞前后的結構要一致。例如:TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.1)表示甲與乙在某一方面相同時,用“as原級as”句型;表示甲在某一方面不如乙時,用“notasso原級as”句型。如:DalianisasbeautifulasShenzhenIdontrunassofastasKangLi2)表示甲超過或不及乙時,用“比較級從句”(從句中常省略意義與主句相同的部分)。Herunsfasterthanyou(do)Todayislesscoldthanyesterday3)要注意的是表示越來越這一概念時有兩個句型:比較級and比較級,如:ThedaysaregettinglongerandlongerThelittlegirlisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful定冠詞the比較級the比較級,如:Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn,難點鏈接,4.結果狀語從句(1)結果狀語從句由sothat,suchthat,sothat引導。常用句型有:so形容詞副詞that從句suchaan形容詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞that從句such形容詞復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞that從句so形容詞aan單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞that從句例如:HespokesofastthatIcouldntfollowhimHetoldussuchfunnystoriesthatwealllaughedHeissopoorthathecantbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldntseeit.(2)如果名詞前由many,much,little,few等詞修飾時,只能用so,不用such。例如:Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecantgotothecinemawithyou.,難點鏈接,(3)sothat和such.that在由so.that引導的結果狀語從句中,so是副詞,與形容詞連用。其結構是:“.so+形容詞(副詞)+that+從句”。例如:Hewassogladthathecouldntsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由suchthat引導的結果狀語從句中,such是形容詞,它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可以是不可數(shù)名詞;名詞前面可以帶形容詞,也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如:Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有時上述兩種結構是可以互換的。例如:Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.,難點鏈接,5.原因狀語從句(1)原因狀語從句通常由because,since,as引導。because常回答why引導的疑問句,該從句一般位于主句后;since比as正式,兩者不回答why引導的問句,而且其從句一般放在句首。如:Hedidntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucantanswerthequestion,Illasksomeoneelse.(2)because表示直接原因,語氣最強。because引導的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后?;卮鹩蓋hy提出的問題,只能用because。as和since語氣較弱,一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導的原因狀語從居多放在句首。例如:-Whyarentgoingthere?-BecauseIdontwantto.Ashehasnocar,hecantgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecantbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一個句子里。(4)for是并列連詞,引導的句子不置于句首,是一種非直接的、隨便附加說明的理由或推斷。Theoilmustbeout,forthelightwentout.(5)because和becouseof也有明顯的區(qū)別。because后面要跟從句,而becauseof后面要跟名詞短語。Heislateforschoolbecauseitrainsheavily.Heislateforschoolbecauseoftheheavyrain.,難點鏈接,6.目的狀語從句(1)目的狀語從句通常由sothat,inorderthat引導。例如:Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.(2)sothat既可引導目的狀語從句,又可引導結果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個:1)目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can,could,may,might等。2)從意思上看,目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如:Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的狀語從句)Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(結果狀語從句),難點鏈接,(3)結果和目的狀語從句還要注意以幾點:sothat用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,so形容詞a名詞that,如:Sheissobeautifulagirlthateveryonelikesher或用sucha形容詞名詞that,如:Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthateveryonelikesher在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)前只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherwewanttogoforapicnic又如:Theyaresuchgoodplayersthattheyshouldwinthegame.在much,many,few,little之前只能用so,如:IhavesolittlemoneythatIcantbuyitsothat之間只有形容詞時,則不能用such,如:ItissogoodthatIwanttobuysothat其后接從句,如:IgotupearliersothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus,難點鏈接,7.讓步狀語從句(1)讓步狀語從句通常由thoughalthough(雖然),eventhough(盡管),evenif(即使),whoever(無論誰),(無論怎樣),whatever(無論什么)等連詞引導。例如:Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.Evenifheispoor,shelovesherhusband.(2)because不能與并列連詞so,thoughalthough不能與but同時在句中使用。如:Shewaslateforschoolbecauseshemissedthebus=Shemissedthebus,soshewaslateforschool我們不能說:Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.應該說:Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.,難點鏈接,8.方式狀語從句引導方式狀語從句的有as(按照)等。如:Iwilldoitasyoutellme我將照你說的做。方式狀語中要注意的是as(連詞)與like(介詞)的區(qū)別。as作為連詞其后接從句,如:PleasedoitasIdidit但后面的句子常作省略,如:PleasedoitasI而like是介詞,其后要接的是賓語,如:Pleasedoitlikeme9.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句常常由where來引導。例如:Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.,難點鏈接,1.誤Whiletheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.正Whentheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.析while是強調兩個動作在同時進行中,如:WhileIamdoingmyhomework,myfatherisreadinganewspaper.而這里的when是正當某某時刻,就在這一時間點上,其重點強調在某一特定時刻某動作的發(fā)生。2.誤WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.正WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.析這里用when表達在一個動作的進行中,另一個動作突然發(fā)生了。正在進行的動作用一進行時態(tài),而突然發(fā)生的動作用一般時態(tài)。3.誤WhileIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.正WhenIheardthebadnews,Ifeltsad.析while不能表達一點兒的時間,即瞬時某一時間點。4.誤Forthereisnolightintheclassroom.Thestudentsmusthavegonehome.正Thestudentsmusthavegonehome,forthereisnolightintheclassroom.析由for引出的原因狀語從句在使用時要注意不能將該從句置于句首,而應置于主句之后,并在主句與從句之間加一逗號。更要注意的是because,as,since與for4個表示原因的連詞中because是因果關系,是最強的一個,而for是最弱的一個。有些語法書中干脆把for叫做并列連詞,正誤辨析,5.誤Shesangwhenshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.正Shesangasshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.析as用于句中時,其要點是強調兩個動作的同時進行。這里用when雖然不能講是語法上的錯誤,但則看不出來小女孩因獨自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。6.誤Ifinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.正Ididntfinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.正Ididmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.析until用在句中時其含義是某一動作一直持續(xù)到某時結束,那么句中的動詞則一定要用持續(xù)性動詞,如果要用瞬間,或截止性動詞時一定要用否定句式。因截止性動作的否定式應看作是持續(xù)性的動作。如離開leave是瞬間動作,因一出門即為離開了,而不離開則是長時間的。7.誤IhavestudiedEnglishwhenIwastwelve.正IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwastwelve.析since引出的時間狀語從句是表達了一個時間點,而這個時間點是主句動作的啟始點,所以主句一般要用完成時態(tài)。8.誤Becausehedidntstudyhard,sohedidntpasstheexam.正Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard.析because與so在英文中兩者不能并用的,只能在句中用9.誤BeforeIdonotgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.正BeforeIgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.析這種錯誤是由于受中文的影響。在中文中可以講我沒給你答案前。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。,正誤辨析,10.誤Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.正Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.析so與such的用法可以分為四種情況,用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,其格式是such+不定冠詞+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.也可以用so,其格式是so+形容詞+不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:Itwassobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.在不可數(shù)名詞前或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)前這時只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttoswim.又如:Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.在few,little,much,many這4個字前只能用so而不能用such,如:IhavesomuchmoneythatIcanbuyeverythingIwant.當that前只有形容詞或副詞時,這時只能用so,如:Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.HeransofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.11.誤Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.正Hegotupearlierthismorninginordertotocatchthefirstbus.正Hegotupsoearlierthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.析sothat與sothat的用法有相同之處,那就是其后接從句,而inorderto其后要接不定式,即動詞原形。12.誤Iwanttobuysamestampthatyouhave.正Iwanttobuythesamestampasyouhave.析thesameas(that)這是個固定用法,在same前的定冠詞是不能少的。而thesamethat意為我要的就是那一個。而thesameas為要的是和一樣的東西。,正誤辨析,根據(jù)A句完成B句,使兩句意思一致,每空只填一詞:1.A:Janeisasinger.Sheisalsoadancer.B:Janeis_asinger_adancer.2.A:Weshouldlearnfrombooksandweshouldlearnfromteachers.B:Weshouldlearn_frombooks_fromteachers.3.A:Hismothercanthelphimwithhislessons,andhisfathercant,either.B:_hismother_hisfathercanhelphimwithhislessons.4.A:Itshardwork,butIenjoyit.B:_itshardwork,Ienjoyit.5.A:Mencantlivewithoutairandwater.B:Menwilldiewithoutair_water.,課時訓練,notonlybutalso,bothand,Neithernor,Though/although,or,6.A:Ifyoustandhigher,youwillseefarther.B:Standhigher,_youwillseefarther.7.A:Ifyoudontworkharder,youwillfailintheexam.B:Workharder,_youwontpasstheexam.8.A:Howimportantthemeetingis!Icantmissit.B:Itis_importantmeeting_Icantmissit.9.A:Afterthemothercameback,theboywenttobed.B:Theboy_gotobed_hismothercameback.10.A:Thereremanyrabbitsthere.Theycantkillthemall.B:Therere_manyrabbitsthere_theycantkillthemall.,課時訓練,and,or,suchathat,didntuntil,sothat,11.A:WhenIgetthere,Illgotoseehimatonce.B:Illgotoseehim_Igetthere.12.A:Youmaystayathome.Youmayalsogooutwithus.B:Youmay_stayathome_gooutwithus.13.A:Maryisthetallestgirlinherclass.(福州)B:Maryis_anyothergirlinherclass.14.A:Peterdrawswell.Henrydrawswell,too.(廣西)B:Henrydraws_Peter.15.A:Maryrunsfasterthanmysister.(蘭州)B:Mysisterdoesntrun_Marydoes.,assoonas,eitheror,tallerthan,aswellas,asfastas,課時訓練,16.A:UncleWangfinishedhiswork.Hewenthome.B:UncleWang_gohome_hefinishedhiswork.17.A:LucyhasbeenawayfromtheUSAfor5years.B:Its5years_she_theUSA.18.A:“Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.B:Heaskedme_thegirl_somehelp.19.A:Mrs.Smithismyteacher.Sheisalsomygoodfriend.B:Mrs.Smithis_myteacher_mygoodfriend.20.A:“Nanjinghaschangedalottheseyears.”“Thatsright.”B:“Nanjinghaschangedalottheseyears.”“_it_.”,didntuntil,sinceleft,Ifneeded,notonlybutalso,So,has,課時訓練,選擇填空1.Theydidntstartthework_theirteachercameback.A.untilB.whileC.assoonasD.if2.Thedictionarycostmetoomuch,_itsreallyuseful.A.andB.soC.butD.or3.Carl,areyouinterestedinswimming?-Yes,_Imnotgoodatitatall.A.soB.andC.orD.but4.Youllbelate_youdontgetupearlytomorrowmorning.A.ifB.whenC.beforeD.until5.Idliketochangethispairoftrousers,_givememymoneyback.A.soB.orC.butD.and,A,C,D,A,A,課時訓練,6.Alicewantedtoknow_hergrandmotherlikedthebag.A.thatB.ifC.whichD.what7.Mr.Johnhasworkedinthatsmalltown_heleftCanadain1998.(山西)A.whenB.afterC.forD.since8.Thatwasourfirstlesson,_shedidntknowallournames.A.forB.butC.soD.or9._Saturday_SundayisOK.Illbefreeinthesetwodays.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.One;theother10.Pleasecome_havedinnerwithus.A.andB.soC.butD.or,B,D,C,A,A,課時訓練,11.Heislisteningtothemusic_heiswashingclothes.(廣西A.afterB.beforeC.thatD.while12._therearetoomanypeoplehere,_wehavetofindanotherhouse.A.Because;soB.Though;butC.Since;/D./;if13.LiLeisaid_hecouldfinishhishomeworkbeforesixoclock.A.ifB.whatC.thatD.when14.Canyoutellme_thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where15.ThisTVsetistoodear,_itgivesyouabetterpicture.A.orB.andC.ifD.though,D,C,C,D,D,課時訓練,16.Dontdrinktoomuchteaintheevening,_youwontfallasleep.(大連)A.andB.soC.orD.but17._heisveryyoung,_heknowsseverallanguage(

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