《初中英語語法》PPT課件VIP

語法與練習(xí),English,Grammar,人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞不定代詞代詞綜合練習(xí)名詞冠詞數(shù)詞介詞動詞do動詞havetherebe結(jié)構(gòu)情態(tài)動詞時間表達法形容詞（副詞）的比較級和最高級選擇疑問句祈使句感嘆句狀語從句時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時練習(xí)現(xiàn)在進行時練習(xí)一般將來時練習(xí)一般過去時練習(xí),人稱代詞：代替人或事物的代詞叫人稱代詞.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分.主格一般在句子中作主語，賓格在句子中作動詞或介詞的賓語.人稱主格賓格第一人稱I(單數(shù))mewe(復(fù)數(shù))us第二人稱you(單復(fù)數(shù))you第三人稱he(單數(shù))himshe(單數(shù))herit(單數(shù))itthey(復(fù)數(shù))them注意：it能被用來代替一個東西、一個動物或一個未知的人.they能被用來代替兩個或兩個以上的東西、動物或人.例：動詞的主語動詞的賓語介詞的賓語IlikeWendy.Wendylikesme.Wendyisfondofme.HelikesWendyWendylikeshim.Wendyisfondofhim.,Grammar,模仿示例,用括號里代詞的正確形式完成下列句子.例如：Maryistalkingtome(I/me)onthephone.1.(We/Us)wentswimmingatthebeachyesterday.2.(He/Him)isMichaelsgoodfriend.3Ihaventseen(they/them)foralongtime.4.Ilikemybossbecause(he/him)isveryfriendly.5.Kittyisolderthan(I/me)but(I/me)amolderthanSusan.6.Itold(he/him)towaitbut(he/him)didnt.7.A:Whotookmyradio?B:(I/Me)havenoideawhotook(it/him).8.A:Wherearethefootballplayer?B:There(they/them)are.9.A:IsthatKennethoverthere?B:Yes,thats(he/him).10.A:IsRaymondhard-working?B:Yes,(he/him)is.Everyoneintheofficerespects(he/him).,練習(xí),物主代詞：也稱代詞的所有格.表明誰的某物或某物歸屬于誰.分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞.形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語，后面必須跟有名詞.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞.人稱形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞第一人稱my(單)/our(復(fù))mine(單)ours(復(fù))第二人稱your(單/復(fù))yours(單/復(fù))第三人稱hisherits(單)/their(復(fù))hishersits(單)/theirs(復(fù))注意：區(qū)分its與its.its是it的形容詞性和名詞性物主代詞，its是itis或ithas的縮寫例：形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞Thatsmypen.Thatpenismine.Thisisourmoney.Thismoneyisours.Theseareyourshoes.Theseshoesareyours.Thosearehisgoldfish.Thosegoldfisharehis.Thatsherfile.Thatfileishers.Thatisitsfood.Thatfoodisits.Thesearetheirtoys.Thesetoysaretheirs.,Grammar,模仿示例,用括號里的詞開頭,改寫下列句子.例如：Theirbooksareonthetable.(Thebooks)Thebooksonthetablearetheirs.1.Theirredshirtsareonthechair.(Theredshirts)2.Yourroomisthefirstoneonthefourthfloor.(Thefirstroom)3.Myschoolbagisunderthetable.(Theschoolbag)4.Herpianoisinthesittingroom.(Thepiano)5.Myposteristhebiggestoneonthenotice-board.(Thebiggestposter)6.TheirofficeisnexttoJohns.(Theoffice)7.Hiscarisattheendofthestreet.(Thecar)8.Ourclassroomisthebiggestoneintheschool.(Thebiggestclassroom)9.HerglassesareontheTV.(Theglasses)10.Hislettersareonmydesk.(Theletters),練習(xí),Key:1.Theredshirtsonthechairaretheirs.2.Thefirstroomonthefourthfloorisyours.3.Theschoolbagunderthetableismine.4.Thepianointhesittingroomishers.5.Thebiggestposteronthenotice-boardismine.6.TheofficenexttoJohnsistheirs.7.Thecarattheendofthestreetishis.8.Thebiggestclassroomintheschoolisours.9.TheglassesontheTVarehers.10.Thelettersonmydeskarehis.,反身代詞(ReflexivePronouns)表示反射或強調(diào)的代詞以-self或-selves結(jié)尾。一、反身代詞的構(gòu)成二、用法：1、在句中作賓語。表示動作回射到動作執(zhí)行者本身。e.g.Healwaysthinksofhimself.Thegirlcanwashherselfnow.2、在句中用來加強語氣，表示“親自”“本人”的意思。e.g.Youcandoityourself.Imustseetheheadmasterhimself.,Grammar,反身代詞的構(gòu)成人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselveshimself第三人稱herselfthemselvesitself第一、二人稱由形容詞性物主代詞加-self/-selves構(gòu)成.第三人稱由人稱代詞賓格形式加-self/-selves構(gòu)成.所有的重音均在這個音節(jié)上.,Grammar,Fillintheblankswithreflexivepronounces:（用反身代詞填空）1.SheteachesEnglish.2.TheyenjoyatthepartyeverySaturdayevening.3.TodayImgoingtobuyatennisracket.4.Pleasemakeathome,children.5.Timoftenforcestosleeplate.6.Canyouseeinthephotograph?7.Shelivesby.8.Wemakesandwichesfor.9.Theoldladyalwaystalksto.10.Paulispleasedwithbecausehedoeswellinhiswork.,herself,themselves,myself,yourselves,himself,herself,herself,himself,yourself,ourselves,練習(xí),不定代詞some,any,no.some,any,no都既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Some一般用在肯定句中。e.g.Heaskedmesomequestions.Therearesomechildrenoutside.Thereissomemilkinthefridge.Someofusagreewiththestatementandsomedisagree.Somepeopleareearlyrisers.Motherisdoingsomewashingnow.Some也可用在表示請求、建議的疑問句中，希望回答yese.g.Willyougetmesomematches?Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Whydontyougetsomepeopletohelpyou?Doyouneedsomehelp?,Grammar,Any用在否定和疑問句中。e.g.Arethereanystampsinthedrawer?Ihaventgotanyworktodo.Doyouknowanygooddoctor?Letmeknowrightawayifyouhaveanynews.Didshegiveyouany?Any也可用在肯定句中，表示任何。e.g.ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.Comeanydayyoulike.Anytimeyouwantme,justsendforme.,Grammar,No只能作定語。no=notany,nota(an)e.g.Therearenolettersforyoutoday.Heisnofriendofmine.Noboyintheclasshaseverseenthesea.No用于警告、命令等標(biāo)識。e.g.Nosmoking!Noparking!,Grammar,用some,any和no填空：Iwanttobuy_newclothes,butIhaventgot_money.Therearent_seatsleftonthebus.Ihad_sweets,butmysisterdidnthave_.Shesaw_squirrelsintheparkyesterday.Heheard_noisesoutsidehisbedroomwindowlastnight.Theydonthave_ticketsfortheconcert.Whyisntthere_breadinthekitchen?Motherbought_justthisafternoon.Werethere_telephonecallsformewhileIwasaway?Boy:Haveyougot_friendsnearwhereyoulive?Girl:_,butnotmany.,some,any,any,some,any,some,some,any,any,some,any,any,some,練習(xí),HaveMrMrsHarrisgot_children?Wewenttosee_clownsatthecircus.Janehasgot_newshoes.Theyrelovely!Dontyouhave_lessonstoday?Peterhas_friends.Iamsorryforhim.Idontwant_vegetables,thankyou.Havethey_orangesinthemarkettoday?Petersabadboy.Hedoes_workatallandplaysallday.Ivegot_potatoes,_onionsand_carrots,butIcantfind_tomatoes.WhyhasJohngot_classestoday?-Becausetherearent_inourschool,today.,any,some,some,any,no,any,any,no,some,some,some,any,any,no,練習(xí),一、閱讀下列疑問句或陳述句,然后選出最佳答案.1.John,whosthatphonecallfor?A.Thatsmine.B.Itsforme.C.Isthatyours?D.Hescallingme.2.IsRosannainherroom?A.Yes,thisroomishers.B.No,shedidnttellme.C.No,itsnotherroom.D.Yes,sheis.3.Isthatmaponthewallmine?A.Yes,itshis.B.No,itsnotyours.C.No,mymapisonthetable.D.Yes,Imsureitsmine.4.Mymotherisanurse.A.Thenurseismine.B.Thehousewifeismymother.C.Mineisadoctor.D.Metoo.5.Theirschooluniformsarepurpleandwhite.A.Oursareblueandgreen.B.Wearethesame.C.Whiteishiscolor.D.Yourcolorisgreen.,語法練習(xí),6.Doyouknowwheremycamerais?A.Oh,yourcameraisaniceone.B.No,Ionlyknowhowtousemine.C.No,Iknownothingaboutcameras.D.Yes,itsonthesofa.7.Whoseexaminationresultsarebetter?A.Ido.B.Itsme.C.Mineare.D.Theyaremine.8.Myfavoritecolorispurple.A.Hesyellow.B.Itsredtome.C.Theirsisorange.D.Isheblack?9.MarysinHospital.A.Imsorrytohearthat.B.Sheisbad.C.ItsveryunfortunateofherD.Shellrecoversoon.10.Isthisraincoathis?A.Yes,itsmine.B.Itmustbehim.C.No,Ithinkitsyours.D.Yes,hisraincoatisoverthere.,語法練習(xí),二、Inthefollowingexercise,puttheverbsinbracketsinthePresentSimple,putinthemissingpossessiveadjectives*,andputinthemissingpersonalpronouns#.(用括號內(nèi)動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時填空，并在*處填上適當(dāng)?shù)奈镏鞔~，在#處填上適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞.）BrianandTom_(work)inLondon.James_(be)_*friend.James_(introduce)_#to_*motherandfather.Jamesalso_(have)asister._*name_(be)Janeand_#_(be)anengineer.John_(be)afriendofBrianandTomtoo._#_(come)fromacityinAustralia.AndrewandJohn_(be)doctors.Andrew_(like)John,but_(not/like)Tom.Tom_(work)with_*daughter._#_(be)engineers.,work,is,them,introduces,their,likes,she,his,is,Her,has,comes,He,is,is,are,doesntlike,are,his,works,They,語法練習(xí),三、Fillinthegapsbelowwiththecorrectpronouns.（用代詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空.）1)Englishpeoplelovedogs.buyexpensivefood（購買昂貴的食物）for，talktoandsometimessleepwithonbeds.Thedogsdontsleeponown（自己的）bedsbuton！2)Johnlovesbrother,Tom.alwayswalkstoschoolwithandhelpswithhomework.doesownhomework,andsometimesdoesbrotherstoo！Tomdoesntdoit.3)MyfriendandIloveteacher，MissBrown.likelessonsverymuch.areinterestingandisalwayshappy.,their,their,them,They,them,them,theirs,their,his,him,He,himself,him,his,He,his,his,our,We,They,she,our,語法練習(xí),四、Completethistable.（填寫下表）(人稱代詞)PersonalPronouns主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞SubjectObjectPossessiveAdjectivePossessivePronounReflexiveIyourshimselfheritsourselvesyourselvesThey,語法練習(xí),me,yourself,herself,themselves,myself,you,my,your,you,mine,he,her,hers,his,him,his,she,it,itself,its,it,us,our,we,ours,you,you,yours,your,them,their,theirs,五、Fillintheblankswithproperpronounces:(用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空）1.Wemustnotthinkonlyof.(us,ourselves)2.Whowillgotherewith?Nobody,shellgothere.(herself,her)3.“Helptosomefish.”MrsGreensaidtoPeter.(yourself,yourselves)4.Icantrepairthemodelship.(me,myself)5.Theycooksupperfor.(themselves,himself)6.Onthistrip,youboysneedtolookafter.(yourself,yourselves)7.HegaveapresentforChristmas.(his,himself)8.Hecantypetheletter.(himself,him)9.Imoldenoughtodressnow.(me,myself)10.Onemustrespect.(one,oneself),ourselves,her,herself,yourself,myself,myself,themselves,yourselves,himself,himself,oneself,語法練習(xí),六、在需要的地方，用a,an,some,any,many填空：_policemeninBritainhaveguns,butonlyafewofthem.Doyouwant_apple?Thisis_reallybeautifulhouse.Thereare_fiveChineseinmyclass._friendsofmyparentsliveinChina.TheyareAustralian.Haveyou_eggstoday?_eagleisabigbird.Johnhasgot_verybignoses.What_beautifulgarden!_peopleliveinverybighouses._studentsinChinawanttolearnEnglishthesedays.Arethere_policewomeninHongKong?,Some,an,a,/,Some,any,An,a,a,Some,Many,any,語法練習(xí),七、用a,an,some,any填空：Haveyougot_flat?Iwanttobe_actor.Doyouhave_pork?Johnhasgot_bigfeet,buthes_fastrunner.Youneed_visatovisit_foreigncountries.Janeis_teacherandherparentsare_teacherstoolTheseare_verynicetrousers.Howmucharethey?TomalwaysgivesAnn_flowersonherbirthday.Haveyou_rice?Hegivesme_cardeveryyearformybirthday.,a,an,any,/,a,a,some(/),a,/,/,some(/),any,a,語法練習(xí),疑問句：英語中有四種疑問句：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。一般疑問句：是將句中的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞放在主語的前面。通常用yes和no來回答。e.g.Haveyoulockedthedoor?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.DoyouknowJack?Yes,Ido./No,Idont.特殊疑問句：疑問詞一般疑問句要根據(jù)實際情況來回答。e.g.Whoisstandingatthewindow?Mysisteris.Howmuchdoesitcost?Fiftyyuan.反意疑問句:前面是一個陳述句，后面是一個簡略問句。用yes和no來回答。e.g.Theirdaughterisveryclever,isntshe?Jacklikestea,doesnthe?Youdontlikeyourjob,doyou?Sheisneverlateforschool,isshe?,Grammar,選擇疑問句：兩種。要作具體回答。、前面是一個一般疑問句，后面用or連接一個選擇項目。e.g.Shallwegobybusorbytrain?DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?ShallIdoitorwillyoudoityourself?Areyoureadyornot?Doyouwanttobuyitornot?、一個特殊疑問句加兩個或兩個以上的選擇（用or連接）。e.g.Whodoyoulikebetter,TomorDerek?Whichdoyouprefer,coffeeortea?Whichicecreamwouldyoulike,chocolate,vanillaorstrawberry?,Grammar,時間表達法：一、數(shù)字表達法：直接讀出數(shù)字。e.g.1:00one(oclock)2:05twofive3:15threefifteen5:30fivethirty7:45sevenforty-five8:58eightfifty-eight二、介詞表達法：分鐘數(shù)在半小時之內(nèi)（含半小時）,用介詞past.表示幾點過幾分.e.g.4:03three(minutes)pastfour6:10tenpastsix9:15aquarterpastnine2:25twenty-fivepasttwo11:30halfpasteleven分鐘數(shù)超過半小時的，用to。表示幾點差幾分.e.g.5:35twenty-fivetosix1:40twentytotwo3:45aquartertofour7:55fivetoeight12:59onetoone*上午和下午的表達：、在時間后加inthemorning或intheafternoon。、在時間后加a.m.或p.m.。,Grammar,用數(shù)字表達法和介詞表達法講出下列時刻：6：152：3811：033：5612：254：406：309：051：5010：358：105：45,練習(xí),名詞名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩大類.可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)之分,名詞的數(shù)決定謂語動詞的數(shù).不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式?？蓴?shù)名詞tablebookwalletbagglasslight不可數(shù)名詞milkwatermoneyinformationteaoilpaper可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種.不可數(shù)名詞可以借助單位詞來表示一定的數(shù)量。adropofwater,asheetofpaper,apieceofnews,atonofcoal注意：名詞的規(guī)則變化加s的發(fā)音。一些特殊的名詞及變化。,Grammar,規(guī)則變化是在名詞后加-s,具體變化規(guī)則如下:1、一般情況下,加se.g.book-booksmap-mapsteacher-teachersway-ways2、在s,x,sh,ch后,加es.e.g.bus-busesbox-boxesbrush-brusheswatch-watches3、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,變y為i再加-es.e.g.family-familiesfactory-factoriesparty-partiesdiary-diaries4、以f,fe結(jié)尾的,則變f,fe為v,再加-es.e.g.live-livesknife-kniveswife-wiveshalf-halvesleaf-leaves5、以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的,加s.e.g.hero-heroespotato-potatoestomato-tomatoes6、以元音字母加o結(jié)尾的,加es.e.g.radio-radioszoo-zoosbamboo-bamboos7、有些詞(含外來詞)加-s.需記憶.e.g.photo-photospiano-pianosmemo-memoskilo-kilos,Grammar,名詞的不規(guī)則變化，如下:1、變內(nèi)部元音foot-feettooth-teethgoose-geesemouse-miceman-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemen2、單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanesedeer-deerfish-fishsheep-sheep3、詞尾加-enchild-childrenox-oxen,Grammar,名詞后加-s的讀音,如下:1、在清輔音后，讀/s/lakesdesksmaps2、在濁輔音和元音后，讀/z/dogsmachinesseasdrivers3、在/s,z,t,d/后，讀/iz/glassesrosesdisheschurchespagesbridges4、在/t,d/后，讀/ts,dz/partsbirdsstudentsseedsboatsfields注意：有些名詞復(fù)數(shù)的發(fā)音，有變化。house/s/-houses/ziz/cloth/-clothes/z/,Grammar,特殊的名詞及變化1、有些名詞加s的形式表示種類。兩條魚是twofish，twofishes表示兩種魚。food是不可數(shù)名詞，foods表示多種食物。people表示人時，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只能說twopeople,manypeople；一個人不能說apeople,應(yīng)該說aperson；apeople表示一個民族，twopeoples表示兩個民族。2、有些以f,-fe結(jié)尾的詞，直接加-sroofsbeliefsroofshandkerchiefssafes有些以f,-fe結(jié)尾的詞，變f,-fe為ves或直接加-s皆可。dwarfdwarfs/dwarvesscarfscarfs/scarves3、復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般是將主要部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。lookers-onpassers-bysons-in-lawbus-driversfootball-playersboy-studentsgirl-servants,Grammar,由man或woman作為第一部分的復(fù)合名詞，兩個部分皆變復(fù)數(shù)menwriterswomendoctorsmencookswomensingers4、有些名詞總是用復(fù)數(shù)形式。apairoftrousers/shoes/gloves/glasses/shorts/scissors/jeans5、單數(shù)集體名詞可看作是一個整體，也可看作若干個體。familyclassgroupteampolicestaffcrowdaudience6、有些名詞形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，卻用作單數(shù)。maths(mathematics)newsmeanseconomicsphysics7、表示時間、金錢、距離、重量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，在作為一整體看待時，當(dāng)作單數(shù)對待。Tenpoundsistooexpensiveforthispen.Twomilesisnotlong.Fifteenminutesisquiteenough.Threepoundsisnotsoheavy.,Grammar,Choosethecorrectnounsinthesentencesbelow.1)Idontwear(trouser/trousers)toplayfootball.Iwear(short/shorts).2)Abicycleisaverycheap(mean/means)oftransport.3)Shecantseeverywell.Sheneeds(glass/glasses).4)Shewantstocuthishair.Sheneeds(scissor/scissors).5)weneedfour(people/persons)toplaythisgame.,練習(xí),Choosethecorrectformoftheverb,singularorplural.e.g.BecauseIamgoodwithnumbers,mathematics(is/are)easyforme.1)Thenews(isnt/arent)verygoodtoday.2)Threedays(is/arent)longenoughforagoodholiday.3)Haveyougotyourscissors?Mine(isnt/arent)sharpenough.4)Englandalways(loses/lose)atbadminton.5)Phoneforataxi.Sixmiles(is/are)alongway.,練習(xí),Completethesentencesafterthemodel.Model:ourholidaylaststhreeweeks.Itisathree-weekholiday.Thegirlsare14yearsold.Theyare14-year-oldgirls.1)Thewomanis30.Sheisa_.2)Theflightlastssixhours.Itisa_.3)Thebookhasgot200pages.Itisa_.4)Theticketscosttwentyyuan.Theyare_.5)ThisChinesecabbageweighsfivejin.Itisa_.,30-year-oldwoman,six-hourflight,200-pagebook,20-yuantickets,five-jinChinesecabbage,練習(xí),Rewritethesentencesandcorrecttheerrors.1)Thereisfivepersonsontheroom.2)Istheretwobusesnearaentrance?3)Thisboysovertherearemyfriend.4)Theyhasknifesandforkesinacoffeeshop.5)Aretherenostudentsofeconomicsinauniversity?6)Theyhasgotthreechildandnowanewbaby.7)Aoldwomenwantsadoubleroomsforthehotel.8)Isthisanyboxesonthekitchen?,arefivepeoplein,are/the,Those/friends,haveknivesandforks,any/the,have/children,Anoldwoman/room,Arethereanyboxesin?,練習(xí),改正下列句中的錯誤：Thereismanystudentsintheseschool.Ihaveverygoodmother.HisparentisChineses.AnyofmyfathersfriendslivesinBeijing.Ohdear!Haventyougotsomemoneys?ThebankerandherwifelivesinLondon.WehaveaholidaysinAugust.Somepolicemenisverytall.,are,this,a,parentsareChinese,Some,anymoney,live,are,live,練習(xí),冠詞：是置于名詞之前、說明名詞所表示的人或事物的一種虛詞。冠詞也可以說是名詞的一種標(biāo)志，它不能離開名詞而獨立存在。英語中冠詞有三個，即定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞。定冠詞the相當(dāng)于this或that，表示特指。定冠詞the在元音音素前讀/i/，在輔音音素前讀/。如：Theairwasfullofbutterflies.Thebattlestartedonthemorningofthetwenty-fourth.不定冠詞a,an相當(dāng)于one,有單一的含義，有時也可指一類。a,an在含義上并無不同，只是a用于輔音音素前，讀/；而an則用于元音音素前，讀/n/。如：Armstrongisamanoffewwords.Weliveaboutanhourfromthecity.零冠詞是名詞前一種無形的冠詞，即一般所說的不用冠詞的場合。很多專有名詞、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞都用零冠詞。如：BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Knowledgeispower.,Grammar,定冠詞的用法：1、用于單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞之前。表示特指。e.g.Theoldmanoverthereishisgrandfather.Thewaterishot.Theresabookonthedesk.Thebookismine.2、表示世界上獨一無二的事物。e.g.Thesunislikeagreatballoffireinthesky.3、用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級和方位名詞前。e.g.Sundayisthefirstdayoftheweek?Whichisthebiggest,thesun,themoonortheearth?Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.4、與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或某些形容詞連用，表示一類。e.g.Thehorseisausefulanimal.theold,theyoung,therich,thepoor,thesick,theblind,Grammar,5、用于樂器名稱前。e.g.thepiano,theviolin,theorgan6、用于表示階級、黨派的名詞前。e.g.theworkingclass,theCommunistParty7、用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。e.g.theGreatWall,thePeoplesRepublicofChina,theUnitedNations8、用于表示江河、海洋、山脈、島嶼的名稱前。e.g.theChangjiangRiver,thePacificOcean,theHimalayas9、用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前，指一家人。e.g.theGreens,theBlacks10、用于固定詞組和習(xí)慣用法中。e.g.Inthemiddle,inthemorning,tellthetruth,11、用于報刊、雜志、歷史時期及其它名詞前。e.g.TheTimes,theBible,ThePeoplesDaily,theStoneAge,Grammar,不定冠詞的用法：1、指一個或一種。e.g.Givemeapost-card.Agirlwantstoseeyou.AMissSmithcamejustnow.2、指一類。e.g.Aelephantismuchheavierthanahorst.Aknifeisanimportanttool.3、表示事物的單位數(shù)量。e.g.eighthoursaday,twiceamonth,fivedollarsakilo4、用于固定短語。e.g.haveabreak,inahurry,allofasudden,Grammar,零冠詞的用法：1、有些復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞不是特指時，通常不用冠詞。e.g.Ihadeggsforbreakfast.Helikestodrinkbeer.Thedeskismadeofwood.2、三餐前沒有修飾詞時，通常不用冠詞。e.g.Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?3、在球類名詞前。e.g.playbasketball,football,tennis4、在固定短語中。e.g.bybus,atnoon,gotoschool,inhospital,Grammar,Fillintheblankswitha,anorthe.What_beautifulhorseitis!Whendoes_sunsetinwinter?Iamgoingto_Philippinesnextmonth.Dontforgettobuyme_T-shirt.Look,theres_elephantwalkingdownthestreet.Itscheapertotake_busthantotake_taxi.Johnisstayingat_DragonHotel.EveryoneknowsKittyis_honestgirl.,a,the,the,a,an,a,a,the,an,練習(xí),Fillintheblankswitha,anorthe,wherenecessary.Igoto_schoolby_ferry.Whichpenislonger,_blueoneor_redone?Theyhave_dinnerearlyintheevening._Christiansusuallygoto_churchonSundays.Haveyoueverseen_realdragon?Theysenttheparcelby_airmail.Jackisstayingwithhisauntin_UnitedKingdom.Everyoneneeds_food._Himalayasare_highestmountainrangeson_earth.,/,/,the,the,/,/,/,a,/,the,/,The,the,the,練習(xí),Thatshopsells_fruitand_drinks.Fatherwentto_bedquiteearlylastnight.Thedograninto_school.Nooneknowshowdeep_AtlanticOceanis.Whatsortof_gamedoyoulikebetter,_footballor_basketball?Wecantlivewithout_air.Peteris_universitystudent.Thecompanygaveus_wonderfuldinner.Selinagoestowordby_samebuseverymorning.,/,/,/,the,the,/,/,/,/,a,a,the,練習(xí),數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞（cardinalnumbers）和序數(shù)詞（ordinalnumbers）一、基數(shù)詞（cardinalnumbers）112onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve1319-teenthirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2090-tytwentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninety2199twenty-onethirty-twoforty-threeninety-nine100201122onehundredtwohundredandoneonehundredandtwenty-one1,0001,53210,000100,000onethousandonethousandfivehundredandthirty-twotenthousandonehundredthousand1,000,0001,000,000,