Hope與wish.doc

Hope的用法：1. 從說話語氣上看，hope 用于表示可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情，后接從句時，用陳述語氣。如：I hope I shall see him again. 我希望再見他一次。I hope you havent hurt yourself. 但愿你沒有受傷。2. 從含義上看，hope 多用于指對好事的盼望、預(yù)想;對壞事的預(yù)想則多用“Im afraid.”。如：I hope it will be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天天氣好。Im afraid it will rain again. 恐怕還要下雨。3. 從時間上看，hope 所希望的一般指將來或現(xiàn)在的事情，不用于指過去的事情。如：I hope he will come. 我希望他會來。4. 從句型上看，hope 可用hope to do sth句型，而不能用hope sb to do sth句型。如：I hope to watch the football match again. 我希望再看一次那場足球賽。而不說：I hope you to go. 最后，當(dāng)你要表示“希望如此?！睍r，就說“I hope so.”其否定形式用“I hope not.”。hope 一般不用于進(jìn)行時。5. hope后面還可以接that 從句，意為“希望；能就好了”。如：She hopes that I will pass the exam. 她希望我能通過考試。與hope有關(guān)的幾個詞組：in the hope of sth 懷著的希望live in hope(s) of 滿懷希望hope for the best 希望獲得最好的結(jié)果hope和wish的用法兩詞都表示希望，但在用法上有相同和不同之處，不能隨意互換。一、相同之處1.都可接不定式作賓語。We wish to see the film. The children hope to do something for the old man. 2.都能以某些代詞作賓語。Thats what you have wished. You cant hope much from such people. 3.都能與介詞for連用，后接名詞或某些不定代詞，表示希望得到祈求。Do you hope for peace? Do you wish for anything better? 4.都可與過去過完成時連用，表示本來想做而沒做成。I had hoped to come here, but I couldnt. He had wished to finish it on time, but he didnt. 5.都用于It is / was to bethat的句型中。It is to be hoped that she will get full marks in English. It is to be wished that the problem will soon be solved. 二、不同之處1. wish作為及物動詞，可接名詞或代詞作賓語，hope則不能。Do you wish a pen or a book? 2. wish能接雙賓語表示祝愿，hope則不能。I wish you success. 3. wish能接復(fù)合賓語，hope則不能。I wish you to go with me. 4. wish和hope都能接that引導(dǎo)的從句，但wish后的從句的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣（動詞用過去時，或過去完成時），hope則用所需要的時態(tài)。I hope that he will win the game. I wish that I knew the answer. I wish I had bought it yesterday. 5. hope可與so或not連用，分別代替一個具有肯定和否定意義的賓語從句，以免重復(fù)，wish則不能。-Will it be fine tomorrow? -I hope so. -Will it rain tomorrow? -I hope not. 三、wish, hope都可作名詞，可數(shù)或不可數(shù)均可，wish表示愿望心愿祝愿，hope表示希望。1. My wish is to become a doctor. 2. It is said that they have realized their wishes. 3. I have no (not much) wish to see him. 4. Send him my best wishes. 5. Where there is life there is hope. 6. There is a hope of success. 7. He has some hope (s) of success. Wish的用法：1） wish后面的從句，表示與事實(shí)相反的情況，或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語從句的動詞形式為：主句+從句從句動作先于主句動詞動作（be的過去式為were） 現(xiàn)在時 過去時從句動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生（had + 過去分詞） 過去時 過去完成時將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 現(xiàn)在時 would/could +動詞原形例如：I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一樣高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他沒講過那樣的話。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2）wish to do；wish sb / sth to do.例如：I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望見一見經(jīng)理。I wish the manager to be informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望經(jīng)理能馬上得到消息。 Wish的用法wish 不是中文的“希望”。wish 常被錯用為“hope”，而wish 的英文文法最難搞（對學(xué)外語者來說。）。我在這里盡量以淺白的口語方式去舉幾個例子。文法細(xì)節(jié)說多反而會把初學(xué)者給嚇跑。只要暫時記住以下幾點(diǎn)。wish 有兩個意思?！捌谕焙汀白８！?。一個是負(fù)面，另一個是正面。正面的“祝?！庇渺渡蘸瓦^年過節(jié)的“祝福”，祝人好運(yùn)等。大多數(shù)都用在“負(fù)面的期望”；一個無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的“期望”。所以如果你希望再見某人時。應(yīng)說成I hope to see you again 。不該說I wish to see you again 。初學(xué)者暫時記住除了過年過節(jié)外，平時想說“希望”就用英文的“hope”。英文的“wish”相當(dāng)於中文口語的“如果什么什么就好了”。是一種“無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的期望”。I wish I had the money “我如果有錢就好了?！盜 wish I were you ?！拔胰绻悄憔秃昧恕薄 wish you were there 。“如果你在場就好了。”I wish I knew ?！叭绻抑谰秃昧??！睘榱朔奖愠鯇W(xué)者記。既然是“不可實(shí)現(xiàn)”的期望，過了就算了。所以在wish 后面跟著的動詞是“過去式”而不用“現(xiàn)在式”（這里是為了方便大家記，我自己說的。正式的文法不是這么講。）。既然是不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的期望。正確的說法是I was ，大家把was 改寫成were （這里的解式是方便大家記我自己說的。以后大家基礎(chǔ)打好后慢慢去細(xì)查wish 的文法規(guī)則。）。說了這么多，希望初學(xué)者只要記住，暫時除了過年過節(jié)外，平時就用hope 。大家很明顯看到wish 一般都用在負(fù)面上，連它的形容詞wishful 也是負(fù)面。wishful think