英語(yǔ)人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較.doc

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：肯：主語(yǔ)+have(has)+過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ)否：主語(yǔ)+havent(hasnt)+過(guò)去分詞+賓語(yǔ)一般：Have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其它?特殊：疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其它?1.過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（或狀態(tài)）對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果,強(qiáng)調(diào)影響。 2過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)- yesterday,yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, lastweek/month/year/Sunday(星期), in 1965,a moment ago ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow, 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)- for,since,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,sofar,uptonow,inpastyears,always, 共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):thismorning/afternoon/evening,tonight,thisApril,now,once(曾經(jīng))，before,already,recently=lately(最近)3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know. 過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried 三值得注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：）動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，并且還在延續(xù)時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)， ）指過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷，但沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）以when開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，例）just (剛剛)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，just now (剛才)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，。）since 作介詞，后面跟時(shí)間名詞一起作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；since 作連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 6）so far，in the last / past 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用四學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)應(yīng)注意的三個(gè)區(qū)別1）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與短暫性動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別 2）since 和 for 的區(qū)別。3）have / has gone to 、 have / has been to 、have / has been in 的區(qū)別。五非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換歸納leave be away frombuyhave borrowkeep diebe deadget upbe upput onbe on come / get backbe back go to townbe in town losebe missing catch a coldhave a coldclosebe closed / notopen openbe open fallill / asleep be ill / asleep begin /startbe on come to be here / thereget /receive a letter fromhave a letter from arrive in （at）/ get to / reachbe here / therejoin the army-be in the army/ be a soldier join the League-be in the League / be a league member 原形 過(guò)去試 過(guò)去分詞 amareis waswere been bear bore bornbeat beat beaten become became becomebegin began begun break broke broken bring brought broughtbuild built built buy bought boughtcatch caught caught choose chose chosencome came come cost cost costcut cut cut dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawndrink drank drunk drive drove driveneat ate eaten fall fell fallenfeel felt felt fight fought foughtfind found found fly flew flownforget forgot forgetten freeze froze frozenget got got give gave given go went gone grow grew grownhave had had hear heard heardhide hid hidden hit hit hithold held held hurt hurt hurtkeep kept kept know knew knownleave left left let let letlose lost lost make made madeput put put read read read ride rode ridden rise rose risenrun ran run say said saidsee saw seen sell sold soldsend sent sent shake shook shaken sing sang sungsit sat sat sleep slept sleptsmell smelt smelt speak spoke spokenspend spent spentstand stood stood steal stole stolensweep swept sweptswim swam swum take took takenteach taught taught tell told