語法專題一：定語從句.doc

牛津版高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題語法專題一：定語從句1. 定語從句的幾個(gè)基本概念： 1) 先行詞：即被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞，通常位于定從的前面。2) 先行詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成份：根據(jù)不同成份，用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。3) 關(guān)系代詞：即先行詞在定從中作主、賓、表、定。 作主語：指物，則用that, which引導(dǎo)，且不能省略；指人，用that, who引導(dǎo)，不省略。 作賓語：即及物動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語： 指物，用that, which引導(dǎo)，可省略；指人，用that, who, whom引導(dǎo)，可省略。 注意：如將介詞提到了定從之首，先行詞指人，只能用whom; 指物只能用which。 作表語：一般指人、指物皆用that, 可省略。 作定語：指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。4) 關(guān)系副詞：即先行詞在定從中作狀語，指時(shí)間用when, 地點(diǎn)用where, 原因用why，亦可用介詞+which替代。所謂作狀語：即先行詞不能直接放入從句中，需要有一個(gè)介詞連接，而從句中卻沒有這個(gè)介詞。5) 非限制性定語從句：即用逗號與主句或先行詞分開，用于補(bǔ)充說明。(1) which: 用于指代先行詞（物），或整個(gè)主句，不能省略。 (2) who / whom: 用于指代先行詞（人），不能省略。(3) all / some of + which / whom: 用于指代先行詞的部分。(4) as為關(guān)系代詞， “正如、就像”的意思, 引導(dǎo)定從時(shí)可置于句首、句中或句末。注意：在非限制性定從中，不能用that。2. 一些特殊用法：1) 一般只用that引導(dǎo)從句的情況：(1) 限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞被強(qiáng)調(diào)，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等修飾時(shí)； (2) 先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等時(shí)；(3) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級所修飾時(shí)； (4) 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)；(5) 當(dāng)句中已有who時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)。2) 一般只用which引導(dǎo)從句的情況：(1) 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指前面的某名詞或它前面的整個(gè)主句時(shí)； (2) 引導(dǎo)介詞、介詞短語提前的定語從句； (3）當(dāng)先行詞為集體名詞時(shí)，著眼于整體，用which；著眼于各個(gè)成員，用who； (4) 替代某些固定短語中的指示代詞，如this, that等, 引導(dǎo)定從。3) 由as引導(dǎo)的定語從句的幾種常見情況： (1) as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，說明整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，和which引導(dǎo)定語從句代替整個(gè)句子的區(qū)別是：which不能放在句首，而as則可以；在句中，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which則沒有此意； (2）當(dāng)先行詞前有the same，such修飾時(shí)，或在 “so / asas”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“那樣以致”，后用關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句； (3) 在suchas結(jié)構(gòu)中，as為關(guān)系代詞，替代先行詞，引導(dǎo)的是定語從句；在suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)中，that為連詞，引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)完整的結(jié)果狀語從句。4) 當(dāng)way作先行詞時(shí)，可用that, in which或省略引導(dǎo)定從；5) 當(dāng)先行詞為situation, case, point, job, condition等時(shí)，常用where引導(dǎo)定從；6) 當(dāng)先行詞為one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，定從的謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞； 當(dāng)先行詞為the (only)one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，定從的謂動(dòng)用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞； 7) those / anyone作先行詞時(shí)，習(xí)慣用who引導(dǎo)定從。鞏固練習(xí)：1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. thoseD. what2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time3. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. howB. which C. whereD. that4. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for whichB. at which C. in which D. on which5. New York, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 6. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where7. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name8. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A who B. as C. about which D. with whom10. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where C. what D. which11. The factory _ the students visited last week is the one _ I have worked for three years. A. that; which B. when; in which C. /; where D. which; that12. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that13. The school _ my father teaches is a world-famous one, _was set up 100 years ago.A. where; which B. which; which C. /; where D. where; that14. This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you.A. who B. whom C. that D. /15. It is reported that tomorrow will be a rainy day, in _ case, well have to put off our sports meet. A. whose B. which C. that D. what16. -When was the house built? -It was built in 1949 _ the PRC was founded. A. which B. that C. what D. when17. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. as B. which C. who D. that18. He has three brothers, _ is a doctor.A. all of them B. all of whom C. none of whom D. both of them19. The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground, _ brought her heart to her mouth.A. it B. and that C. and which D. that20. Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that B. what C. how D. why21. The place _ interested me most was the Great Wall.A. in which B. which C. where D. what22. The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A. which are not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been23. Id like a car _ front lights are big and tuned.A. which B. that C. whose D. of which24. You were very impolite to him, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think,A. this B. which C. what D. that25. The artist _ the judge gave a prize is the teacher _ I have been taught painting for two years.A. from whom; by whom B. to whom; who C. from whom; who D. to whom; by whom26. For weeks the street hasnt been cleaned by the cleaners, _ makes it very dirty.A. who B. which C. that D. this27. Now teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurants, _ eating doesnt take much time. A. which B. who C. what D. where28. In my old school album there are some pictures of some teachers _ cant be found in yours. A. which B. who C. those D. they29. Henry set up a club for football fans, _ he invited all his friends.A. for whom B. to whom C. to which D. from which30. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose31. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. when B. which C. that D. when32. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when33. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which34. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. that D. what35. I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose36. _ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. It C. That D. Which37. He lived in London for 3 months, during _ time he learned some English.A. this B. which C. that D. same38. On the wall hung a picture, _ colour is blue.A. whose B. of which C. which D. its39. Whenever I met him, _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A. what B. that C. which D. when40. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and _ could help him to kill the time. A. that B. where C. what D. there41. The boss _ department Ms. King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose42. Luckily, wed brought a map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. that C. this D. which43. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is44. This is the very bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A. that B. who C. whom D. which45. I think you have got to the point _ change is needed, or you would fail A. when B. that C. where D. which46. October 1, 1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A. which B. when C. where D. in which47. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A. which B. where C. in which D. what48. Is this museum _ they visited last month?A. that B. which C. where D. the one49. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. what B. which C. that D. where50. She is not the woman _ she was before. A. what B. who C. that D. where51. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather A. which B. where C. what D. that52. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.A. who B. that C. as D. what 53. The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 54. It was from only a few supplies _ she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A. that; that B. that; where C. where; where D. that; which55. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 56. He filled his leather container so that he could br